Texas Instruments TMS34010 Manuel utilisateur

TMS34010

C Compiler

User's Guide

TEXAS

INSTRUMENTS

SPVUOO5

TMS34010 C

Col11piler

User's Guide

TEXAS

INSTRUMENTS

IMPORTANT

NOTICE

Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right

make changes in the devices or the

device specifications identified in this publication

without

notice.

advises

its customers

obtain the latest version

device specifications

verify,

before placing orders, that the information being relied upon by the customer

current.

In the absence

written agreement

the contrary, TI assumes no liability for

TI applications assistance, customer's product design, or infringement

pat-

ents or copyrights

third parties

or arising from use

semiconductor

devices described herein. Nor does TI warrant or represent that any license,

either express or implied,

granted under any patent right, copyright. or other

intellectual property right

TI covering or relating

any combination, ma-

chine, or process in

which

such semiconductor devices might be or are used.

Contents

Section

1.1

1.2

TMS34010

Compiler

Package

Product

Overview

Applicable Documents

Documentation Conventions

Page

1-1

1-2

TMS34010

Compiler

Package

Installation

2-1

2.1

Installation for Texas Instruments and

IBM

Systems

........

2-2

2.1.1 Hardware Requirements

..............

........

2-2

2.1.2 Installation for TIPC and

IBM

Systems

with

Dual Diskette Drives

2-2

2.1.3 Installation for

Systems

with

a Winchester Disk and Single Diskette

Drive

..............

2-3

2.1.4 Tools Verification on

Systems

2-4

2.2

VAXNMS

Systems

2-6

2.2.1 Installation Procedure

.....

2-6

2.2.2 Tools Verification . . . . .

2-6

2.3 VAX/ULTRIX and

VAX/UNIX

System V

2-7

2.3.1 Instanation Procedure

.......

2-7

2.3.2 Tools Verification on ULTRIX and UNIX Systems

2-7

Invocation

and

Operation

the

TMS34010

Compiler

3-1

3.1

The TMS3401 0 C Preprocessor (GSPCPP)

3-2

3.1.1 Invoking GSPCPP

3-2

3.1.2 GSPCPP Options

.....

3-2

3.1.3 Operation

GSPCPP

3-3

3.2 The TMS3401 0 Parser (GSPCC)

3-3

3.2.1 Invoking the Parser

3-3

3.2.2 Operation

the Parser

3-4

3.3

,The

Code Generator (GSPCG)

3-4

3.3.1 Invoking GSPCG

3-4

3.3.2 GSPCG Options

3-5

3.3.3 Input Requirements

3-6

3.3.4 GSPCG Output

3-6

3.4 Batch Execution

the C Compiler

,3-6

3.5 Assembling a C Program

3.6 Archiving a C Program

3.7 Linking a C Program

3-7

3.7.1 Run-Time Initialization

3-7

3.7.2 Object Libraries and Run-Time Support

3-8

3.7.3 The

-c

Option

the Linker

3-8

3.7.4 Linker Command File

.........

3-8

iii

The

TMS34010

language

4-1

4.1

Identifiers and Keywords

4-2

4.2 Constants

4-2

4.3

TMS34010

C Data Types

4-2

4.3.1 Derived Types

4-3

4.4 Object Alignment

4-4

4.5 Conversions

4-4

4.6 Expressions

4-4

4.6.1 Void Expressions

4-4

4.6.2 Primary Expressions

4-5

4.6.3 Unary Operators in Expressions

4-5

4.6.4 Assignment Operators in Expressions

4-5

4.7 Declarations

4-5

4.7.1 Storage Class Specifiers

Declarations

4-5

4.7.2 Type Specifiers in Declarations

4-6

4.7.3 Structure and Union Declarations

4-6

4.7.4 Enumeration Declarations

4-7

4.8 Initialization

Static and Global Variables

4-8

4.9

8sm

Statement

4-8

4.10

Lexi~al

Scope Rules . .

4-10

TMS34010

Run-Time

Environment

5-1

5.1

Memory Model

5-2

5.1.1

TMS34010

C Stacks

5-2

5.1.2 Global Variable Memory Allocation

5-3

5.1.3 Structure Packing and Field Manipulation

5-3

5.1.4 Array Alignment

5-3

5.2 Register Conventions

5-4

5.2.1 D.edicated Registers

5-4

5.2.2 Using Registers

5-4

5.2.3 Register Variables

5-5

5.3 Integer Expression Analysis

5-5

5.4 Floating Point Conventions

5-6

5.5 Function Call Conventions

5-7

5.5.1 Register Usage Within Functions

5-8

5.5.2 Passing Parameters

5-8

5.5.3 Local Frame Generation

5-9

5.5.4 Function Termination

5-10

5.5.5 Restoration

the

CaUer's

Environment 5-11

5.5.6 Return from Function 5-11

5.6 Interrupt Handling 5-11

5.7 System Initialization

5-12

5.7.1 System Stack

5-13

5.7.2 Program Stack

5-13

5.7.3 Initialization

Global Variables

5-13

6.1

6.1.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

TMS34010

Run-Time

Support

Memory

Management

...........

Specifying the Size

Memory

Manage

String Functions

............

Character Typing and Conversion Macros

Miscellaneous Functions

.......

Fatal

Errors

Reference

Documents

C Preprocessor

Directives

Floating

Point

Facility

Interfacing

Assembly Language

with

6-1

6-2

6-3

A-1

8-1

C-1

D-1

E-1

Illustrations

Figure Page

-1

TMS34010

C Compiler Package Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1

5-1 . Typical Function Call

with

Parameters

Passed,

No Value Returned

5-8

D-1. Single-Precision Floating Point Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-2

D-2. Double-Precision Floating Point Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-3

D-3. Single-Precision Normalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-5

Tables

Table Page

4-1. TMS34010 C Data Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-3

D-1. Floating Point Error Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-7

TMS34010

Compiler

Package

Product

Overview

The C programming language has become one

the

dominant

languages

for

high-level graphics software. Thus, C

a logical choice

for

systems, periph-

eral, and applications software developers using the

TMS34010

Graphics

System Processor. GSP

a compiler implementation for the TMS3401 0, has

been created

allow

developers

tap this software base

for

high-

performance

TMS34010

systems. GSP C accepts standard Kernighan and

Ritchie C source code and produces

TMS34010

assembly language source

code.

The TMS3401 0 C Compiler Package consists

a C Preprocessor, a Parser,

and a Code Generator,

well

Run-Time Support and Floating Point Li-

braries. The TMS3401 0 Assembly Language Package supports the assembly,

archiving,-and linking

compiler-generated software. The resulting execut-

able code can be run on a TMS3401 0 target system. Target systems can

in-

clude software simulators, software development boards, Texas Instruments

XDS (Extended Development Systems) units,

custom TMS3401 0 systems.

An illustration

this interaction

shown

in Figure

1-1.

1MS34010

FONTS

LIBRARY

1MS34010

MATH/GRAPHICS

FUNCTION

UBRARY

Figure

1-1.

TMS34010

Compiler

Package

Interaction

1-1

TMS34010

Compiler

Package

Product

Overview

1.1

Applicable

Documents

• Kernighan, B., and

Ritchie.

The

C Programming Language, Pren-

tice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,

New

Jersey, 1978.

• Kochan, Steve

Programming in

Hayden Book Company.

• Sobelman, Gerald

and David

Krekelberg.

Advanced

Techniques

and

Applications, Que Corporation, 1985.

•

TMS34010

User's Guide (SPPU005), covering all the hardware related

subjects: architecture, registers, addressing modes, etc.

•

TMS34010

Assembly Language Tools User's Guide

(SPDU076),

cov-

ering the assembler, linker, archiver, and PROM programming utility.

•

TMS34010

Software Development Board User's Guide (SPVU002),

describing a PC-based

tool

for developing and debugging programs for

the TMS3401

•

TMS34010

XDS/22

User's Guide

(SPDU058)

describing the most

powerful

tool

available

for

developing software

for

the TMS3401

•

TMS34010

Font

Library User's Guide

(SPVU005),

describing the

font

data structure and illustrating each

the available fonts.

1.2

Documentation

Conventions

1-2

The documentation conventions used

this

book

include:

Angle brackets enclose user-supplied information that

to be typed

out;

for

example,

indicates

that

the name

the file is

be entered. The brackets themselves

are

not

entered, except

the case

#include

statements used in illustrating the syntax

some macros

(see Section 6, TMS3401 0 Run-Time Support).

[]

Square brackets enclose optional items.

special

fbnt

used

for

information displayed on the screen.

Underscoring

used

indicate the information you type

response

prompts or other screen displays.

Italics

are

used

highlight

function names, commands, code, and similar

items

within

a text line.

Boldface type is used

indicate emphasis.

In Section 4, text in the left margin gives references

corresponding sections

in Kernighan and Ritchie's book,

The

C Programming Language, or indicates

additional information

not

included in their book.

TMS34010

Compiler

Package Installation

The TMS3401 0 C Compiler operates under these operating systems:

•

MS'

-DOS Version

2.1

(or

later)

• PC-DOS2 Version

2.1

(or later)

•

VAXNMS3

• VAX/ULTRIX™3

• VAX/UNIX™4 System V

MS-DOS

a trademark

Microsoft

Corporation.

PC-DOS

a trademark

International Business Machines.

VAX,

VMS,

and ULTRIX are trademarks

Digital Equipment Corporation.

UNIX

a trademark

AT&T

Bell Laboratories.

2-1

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