ABB 2155 Manuel utilisateur

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ABB MEASUREMENT & ANALYTICS | USER GUIDE | IM/2155 REV. G

2155

Cation exchange column

Measurement made easy

For more information

Further publications are available for free download

from: www.abb.com/analytical or by scanning this

code:

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2155

cation exchange column

Electrical safety

This equipment complies with the requirements of CEI/IEC

61010-1:2001-2 ‘Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment

for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use’. If the

equipment is used in a manner NOT specified by the Company,

the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

Symbols

One or more of the following symbols may appear on the

equipment labelling:

Warning – refer to the manual for instructions

Caution – risk of electric shock

Protective earth (ground) terminal

Earth (ground) terminal

Direct current supply only

Alternating current supply

Both direct and alternating current supply

The equipment is protected through double

insulation

Information in this manual is intended only to assist our

customers in the efficient operation of our equipment. Use of

this manual for any other purpose is specifically prohibited and

its contents are not to be reproduced in full or part without

prior approval of the Technical Publications Department.

Health and safety

To ensure that our products are safe and without risk to health,

the following points must be noted:

• The relevant sections of these instructions must be read

carefully before proceeding.

• Warning labels on containers and packages must be

observed.

• Installation, operation, maintenance and servicing must

only be carried out by suitably trained personnel and in

accordance with the information given.

• Normal safety precautions must be taken to avoid the

possibility of an accident occurring when operating in

conditions of high pressure and/or temperature.

• Chemicals must be stored away from heat, protected from

temperature extremes and powders kept dry. Normal safe

handling procedures must be used.

• When disposing of chemicals ensure that no two chemicals

are mixed.

Safety advice concerning the use of the equipment described in

this manual or any relevant hazard data sheets (where

applicable) may be obtained from the Company address on the

back cover, together with servicing and spares information.

Cation Exchange Column

2155 Contents

IM/2155 Rev. G 1

Contents

1 Introduction .....................................................................2

1.1 Description ...............................................................2

1.2 Ion-Exchange ...........................................................2

1.3 Ion Exchange Column Construction .........................2

2 Installation .......................................................................3

2.1 Installation ................................................................3

3 OPERATION ....................................................................4

3.1 Start-up and Operation ............................................4

4 MAINTENANCE ...............................................................4

4.1 Maintenance ............................................................4

4.1.1 Regeneration ................................................4

4.1.2 Procedure for Regeneration ..........................4

5 SPECIFICATION ..............................................................5

5.1 General ....................................................................5

5.2 Handling and Storage Conditions for Columns and

Resin ........................................................................5

6 SPARES ...........................................................................6

6.1 Spares .....................................................................6

Notes ..................................................................................7

Cation Exchange Column

2155 1 Introduction

2 IM/2155 Rev. G

1 Introduction

1.1 Description

The measurement of contaminants by using ion exchange

columns has been established in the power industry for many

years.

Alkaline chemicals such as Ammonia and Sodium Hydroxide are

added routinely to the feed and boiler water to control corrosion

by increasing the pH. The effect of this is a significant increase

the conductivity of the water, thereby masking the conductivity

of any contaminants.

To counter this increased conductivity, a sample is passed

through the ion exchange column where the alkali is removed.

After the sample has passed through the ion exchange column,

the conductivity of the contaminants can be measured

accurately. For example, corrosive anion contaminants such as

chloride, carbonate and sulphate can be found.

Other similar systems include a conductivity measurement

before the column in order to calculate the levels of pH and

Ammonia.

1.2 Ion-Exchange

Ion exchange is the process where ions incorporated within a

solid material (the ion exchange resin) are exchanged with ions

in a solution. This can be used to purify or remove unwanted

chemicals from the solution.

The resin has the appearance of smooth spherical beads usually

between 0.5 and 1 mm (0.02 and 0.04 in.) in diameter. However,

at the molecular level each bead has a skeleton-like structure

that presents a large surface area to the solution. Feed water is

passed through the clear acrylic column containing the resin

beads.

Before use, the resin is pre-treated with a Hydrochloric acid

solution to condition the resin into its hydrogen form. When put

into service the resin exchanges these hydrogen ions with

cations (positive ions) from the solution forming acid equivalents

of the salts. For example:

Ammonia

NH4OH + RH <--> RNH4+H2O

Sodium Chloride

RH + NaCl <--> RNa + HCl

The above sodium reaction results in a three-fold increase in

conductivity, therefore smaller levels of contaminants can be

detected.

1.3 Ion Exchange Column Construction

The 2155 Cation Exchange Column is supplied as a single

acrylic column with quick-release couplings end fittings and a

resin pack.

Note. The connecting tubes and mounting clips are not

supplied.

Fig. 1.1 Typical Cation Column Arrangement

Quick-release

Coupling

End Cap

Cation Column

Stainless Steel

Conductivity

Cell

Sample

Outlet

Mounting Clip

Flow Guage

(optional)

Isolation/Flow

Regulation

Valve

Sample Inlet

Mounting Clip

End Cap

Quick-release

Coupling

Cation Exchange Column

2155 2 Installation

IM/2155 Rev. G 3

2 Installation

2.1 Installation

The column is secured vertically by two mounting clips that are

bolted to a suitable panel or wall (Fig. 2.1).

Conductivity cells are used in conjunction with conductivity

transmitters mounted nearby. Different column/cell

configurations are used to suit the application (Fig. 2.2).

Fig. 2.1 Mounting Information

Dimensions in mm (in.)

385

(15.2)

Cation Column

complete with

quick release

couplings

Mounting Clip

Suitable for M5 screw

Fig. 2.2 Typical Cation Column Arrangement

Change-over

Valve

Change-over Valve

1 Cell 1 Column

After’ cation

conductivity

measurement only

2 Cell 2 Column

Before’ and After’ cation

conductivity measurements with

in-service and standby columns

3 Cell 3 Column

Before’ and After’ cation

conductivity measurements

with in-service, backup and

rinse columns

Conductivity

Cell

Cation Exchange Column

2155 3 OPERATION

4 IM/2155 Rev. G

3 OPERATION

3.1 Start-up and Operation

1. Remove the top end cap.

2. Empty a full resin pack (J/2155/500) into the column.

3. Replace the end cap.

4. Shake the column gently so that the resin settles.

5. Clip the column to the wall.

6. Attach the sample tubing to the end caps so that the

direction of flow is downwards.

7. Open and adjust the sample flow regulator valves to

achieve the recommended flow rate of 100 to

300 ml min-1.

4 MAINTENANCE

4.1 Maintenance

4.1.1 Regeneration

Eventually the hydrogen ions in the resin become depleted and

the exchange process breaks down. The concentration of

unwanted ions then rises at the outlet of the column; this is

known as breakthrough.

Fortunately, the exchange process is reversible and resin can be

regenerated to its original form by treatment with a solution rich

in hydrogen ions, that is, an acid solution.

As the resin is exhausted, its colour changes from orange to

dark red at a boundary that moves progressively down the

column. When the boundary approaches the bottom of the

column, the resin must be regenerated.

Exhausted resin can be processed in one of three ways:

Disposed of and the column refilled with fresh resin.

Removed, collected in a suitable container and

regenerated when a reasonable volume of resin has been

collected.

Regenerated in situ – see Section 4.1.2

4.1.2 Procedure for Regeneration

1. Close the inlet valve (connected to the top of the column)

or, in the case if a duty/standby column arrangement,

switch the inlet and outlet valves to the standby column.

2. Remove the quick-release coupling from the top and

bottom of the spent column.

3. Mark the top of the column and pull it from the mounting

clips.

4. Fit a spare column if available.

5. Take the spent column, invert and support in a vertical

position. Back-flush the column with demineralised water

at 30 litres (6.6 gal) per minute for 10 minutes to remove

particulate deposits.

6. From the top of the column pass 3.5 litres (0.77 gal) of 5%

hydrochloric acid down the column over a period of

between 10 to 30 minutes until the resin is restored to its

original orange colour.

7. Flush the column by passing demineralised water down

the column at approximately 3.5 litres (0.77 gal) per

minute. This takes about 30 minutes to complete.

8. Return the column to service or, if putting in storage,

ensure that it is filled with water and kept wet.

Note. Once the resin is added to the column, keep the

column upright.

Note. It may take several hours before meaningful results

are made due to small amounts of trapped air. This trapped

air is dissolved slowly in a de-aerated sample.

Cation Exchange Column

2155 5 SPECIFICATION

IM/2155 Rev. G 5

5 SPECIFICATION

5.1 General

5.2 Handling and Storage Conditions for Columns

and Resin

Store between 5 ° and 50 °C (41 ° and 122 °F).

Avoid freezing.

Avoid de-hydration.

When handling the resin use of gloves and safety glasses is

recommended.

Fig. 4.1 Partially Depleted Column

Depleted

Resin

Maximum Flow rate: 400 ml min-1

Minimum Flow Rate: 30 ml min-1

Recommended Flow Rate: 100 to 300 ml min-1

Max Temperature: 50 °C

Max Pressure: 3 kgcm-1 /3bar/45psi

Ion Exchange ADH Resin: Colour changes when

exhausted from orange to

dark red

Connection to Inlet: 6 mm (1/4in.) ID

Connection to Outlet: 6 mm (1/4in.) ID

Caution. Spilled resin beads can cause a slip hazard.

Cation Exchange Column

2155 6 SPARES

6 IM/2155 Rev. G

6 SPARES

6.1 Spares

Description Part Number

Acrylic column – complete with

6mm(

1/4in.) couplings and a resin pack

J/2155/403

Mounting clip 9390846

Resin pack J/2155/500

Coupling (male quick release)

6mm(

1/4in.)

J/0214/042

1/4in. Self-sealing coupling J/2141/150

Coupling (optional) (male quick release)

10 mm (3/8in.)

9390308

O-Ring (small) J/0211/176

Column end cap J/2155/406

Moulded strainer J/0214/044

O-ring (large) J/0211/228

Fig. 6.1 End Cap Assembly

1/4 in. Coupling

(J/0214/042)

O-Ring

(J/0211/228)

Moulded Strainer

(J/0214/044)

Column End Cap

(J/2155/406)

O-Ring

(J/0211/176)

Self-sealing

Coupling

(J/2141/150)

Acrylic Column

(J/2155/405)

Cation Exchange Column

2155 Notes

IM/2155 Rev. G 7

Notes

Cation Exchange Column

2155 Notes

8 IM/2155 Rev. G

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