Swift M10DB-MP Manuel utilisateur

Swift M10D Series

Digital Microscope

Use and Care Manual

SWIFT OPTICAL Enduring Quality and Technical Excellence

SWIFT M10D SERIES (with 3MP built-in digital camera)

The Swift M10D microscope is equipped with superior optics offering

bright clarity and crisp resolution, Siedentopf binocular head for

ergonomic viewing and durable construction to withstand the rigors of a

busy clinical practice or lab. A built-in 3MP digital camera enables users

to display, capture pictures or capture video clips of live images.

Illuminator

Objective

Slide Holder

Head

Eyepiece

On/Off Switch

Illuminator Rheostat

Iris Diaphragm

Mechanical

Stage Control

Coarse Focus

Control

Diopter

Adjustment

Fine Focus

Control

Arm

Base

Nosepiece

UNPACKING THE SWIFT M10D SERIES MICROSCOPE

1. Remove head and body from styrofoam packaging.

2. Remove both shipping blocks from the body of the microscope as

pictured below.

3. Secure the head to the body of the microscope with the head locking

screw as pictured below.

COMPONENTS OF THE MICROSCOPE

ARM –the vertical column (attached to the base) which supports the

stage, and contains the coarse and fine adjusting knobs and mechanism.

BASE –the housing and platform of the instrument to which the arm is

attached. The base stands on rubber feet and contains the illuminator

assembly.

COARSE FOCUS –the larger, outside knob of the focus control which

facilitates rapid and heavy movement of the focusing mechanism. In order

to prevent gear damage, the focus control is equipped with an upper limit

stopper that protects the high magnification objectives and slides.

COAXIAL CONTROLS –the focusing mechanism moves the stage up

and down to bring the specimen into focus. The coaxial focusing system

combines both the coarse and fine focus into one knob located on both

sides of the microscope. The control is designed for a continuous

operation over the range of the stage movement. The system is also

furnished with a tension control to prevent “stage drift”.

CONDENSER –the function of the condenser is to provide full

illumination to the specimen plane and to enhance the resolution and

contrast of the object being viewed. The standard condenser of the M10D

Series has a numerical aperture of 1.25 with filter carrier and iris

diaphragm. It is mounted in a sub–stage focusing assembly that can be

raised or lowered for precise light control.

DIOPTER ADJUSTMENT –located on the left eyepiece of the binocular

head and is designed to help compensate the difference between the

user’s eyes.

EYEPIECES –the upper optical element that further magnifies the

primary image of the specimen and brings the light rays in focus at the

eyepoint.

FINE FOCUS –the smaller inner knobs of the focus control which allows

for slow and subtle focusing movement to bring the specimen into sharp

focus.

HEAD –the upper portion of the microscope which contains the refracting

prisms and the eyepiece tubes which hold the eyepieces.

ILLUMINATION –the built-in light source which provides the optical

system with light. The M10D Series uses a variable intensity 3 volt Light

Emitting Diode (LED).

IRIS DIAPHRAGM –a multi-leaf round shaped device which is controlled

by a lever. It is similar to a camera shutter, and is installed under the

condenser. By moving the lever back and forth, the iris diaphragm opens

and closes, increasing and decreasing the contrast of the specimen. If the

image is “washed out” the iris diaphragm is opened too wide. If the image

is too dark the iris is not open wide enough.

NOSEPIECE –the revolving turret that holds the objective lenses,

permitting changes in magnification by rotating different powered

objective lenses into the optical path. The nosepiece must “click” into

place for the objectives to be in proper alignment.

OBJECTIVES –the optical systems which magnify the primary image of

the instrument. Magnifications are typically 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X.

PHASE CONTRAST –The phase contrast microscope reveals fine detail

in transparent objects which possess very little contrast. Unstained living

organisms and cells can be studied without destroying the specimen or

changing its composition by using fixing and staining reagents. Before

the advent of phase contrast such specimens could only be examined in

transmitted light by closing down the substage condenser diaphragm to a

small aperture. The narrow cone of illumination produced diffraction with

destruction of detail.

SIEDENTOPF –a binocular head design where the interpupillary

adjustment (increasing or decreasing the distance between the

eyepieces) is achieved by twisting the eyepiece tubes in an up and down

arc motion similar to binoculars.

STAGE –the table of the microscope where the slide is placed for

viewing. This component moves upward and downward when the

focusing knobs are turned. The stage of the M10D has a built-in

mechanical stage with a below-stage ergonomic “X” and “Y” axis controls.

A finger clip holds the slide securely and is designed to be a slow return

holder to provide protection to the specimen.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY

“COATED” LENS –in attempting to transmit light through glass, much of

the light is lost through reflection. Coating a lens increases the light

transmission by reducing or eliminating reflection, thus allowing more light

to pass through.

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE –a microscope having a primary magnifier

(the objective) and a second (the eyepiece) to both conduct light, amplify

magnification and convert the image into a field of view easily seen by the

human eye.

COVER GLASS –thin glass cut in circles, rectangles, or squares, for

covering the specimen (usually a thickness of 0.15 to 0.17mm). The

majority of specimens should be protected by a cover glass, and must be

covered when using 40XRD or 100XRD objectives.

DEPTH OF FOCUS –the ability of a lens to furnish a distinct image

above and below the focal plane. Depth of focus decreases with the

increase of numerical aperture or with the increase of magnification.

DIN –(Deutsche Industrial Normen originally Deutsches Institut für

Normung). A German standard for the manufacturing of microscope

lenses. DIN lenses will be interchangeable from one DIN microscope to

another.

EYE POINT or EYE RELIEF –the distance from the eye lens of the

eyepiece to your eye where a full field of view is seen.

FIELD OF VIEW –the area of the object that is seen when the image is

observed. It may range in diameter from several millimeters to less than

0.1mm.

FOCAL LENGTH –parallel rays of light after refraction through a lens will

be brought to a focus at the focal point. The distance from the optical

center of the lens to the focal point is the focal length.

NUMERICAL APERTURE (NA) –a measure of an objective’s light

gathering capabilities. The concept may be compared to the F-valve in

photographic lenses. Generally speaking, N.A. values of less than 1.00

are "Dry" objectives. Values of 1.00 or greater require oil as a medium.

Please note that condensers are part of the optical system and are also

assigned an N.A. value. That value must be at least as high as that of the

highest objective used.

PARFOCAL –a term applied to objectives and eyepieces when

practically no change in focus is needed when changing objectives. The

objectives on your microscope are parfocalized at the factory so that

only a slight adjustment of the fine focus knob is needed to maintain focus

when switching magnification.

RESOLUTION or RESOLVING POWER –the ability of a lens to define

the details of the specimen at a maximum magnification. This is governed

by the NA (Numerical Aperture) of the lens. For example, a 40X objective

with NA 0.65 has a maximum resolving power of 650X, equal to 1000

times the NA. This rule of NA x 1000 is true of all achromatic objectives.

WORKING DISTANCE –the distance from the lens of the objective to the

cover slip on the slide, when the specimen is in focus.

USING THE SWIFT M10D SERIES MICROSCOPE

Once you have learned the terminology and purpose of each component

of the microscope, use of the microscope is simple. By following these

steps, you will be able to begin studying the specimen quickly and easily.

1. Open the slide holder of the mechanical stage and carefully place the

slide against the fixed side and back edge of the mechanical stage.

Now slowly release the slide holder lever to hold the slide in place.

2. Align the specimen under the objective lens by using the adjustment

knobs under the mechanical stage. The bottom knob moves the slide

from right/left while the top knob adjusts the slide from front/back.

These knobs allow for precise movement and scanning of the slide.

3. Rotate the nosepiece to place the lowest power objective (4XD) over

the specimen. Be sure the objective “clicks” into position.

4. Adjust the interpupillary distance of the Siedentopf binocular head for

a comfortable view. Align the eyepiece tubes of the binocular head to

create one perfect circle, by moving the eyepiece tubes in an arc

motion.

5. While viewing through the eyepiece, rotate the coarse focus knob to

bring the specimen into focus. This should be done slowly and

carefully.

6. To adjust the contrast of the specimen, open the iris diaphragm to its

largest aperture. If additional contrast is required to permit accurate

viewing of the specimen, the diaphragm should be slowly closed until

the details of the specimen are sharply defined. Be careful not to

close the aperture too much. Although you may be achieving a higher

contrast, the fine structure of the image maybe destroyed. Reducing

the aperture increases the contrast and depth of focus, but it also

reduces resolution and introduces diffraction. The aperture must be

adjusted for each objective.

NA 0.25 for 10XD

NA 0.65 for 40XRD

NA 1.25 for 100XRD

The iris diaphragm is not intended to control the brightness of the

illumination, but induce contrast of the specimen by diffracting light

rays.

7. Use the fine focus control to complete the focus and produce the

sharpest image.

8. For additional clarity, use the left eye diopter adjustment to correct the

differences between the user’s eyes. Set the adjustable left eye

diopter at zero. Then focus with the coaxial focusing knob, using your

right eye only (close your left eye). Now using your left eye only,

adjust the diopter ring until a clear image is seen (close your right

eye). The diopter adjustment is now set to the users eyes and will not

need to be adjusted again until a different user uses the microscope.

9. Now you can rotate the nosepiece to higher magnification objectives.

The objectives are parfocalized so that once the lowest objective

(4XD) is focused, only a slight turn of the fine focusing knob is

required when changing to 10XD, 40XRD and 100XRD objectives.

Oil Immersion

It is desirable to use immersion oil with the 100XRD objective. Oil

generates a fine resolution and brightness of the image viewed

through the microscope. Drop a tiny amount of oil (1 drop) onto

the slide prior to focusing with the 100XRD objective (between the

slide and the objective tip). It is essential to thoroughly clean the

objective tip after use. Please contact Swift Optical or your

authorized Swift dealer for the appropriate immersion oil to use.

IMPORTANT: The focal distance of the 100XRD and 40XRD

objective to the slide surface is very close and although the

40XRD objective is sealed to prevent immersion oil

contamination, it is a good practice to avoid dragging the 40XRD

objective through an oiled slide.

Objective

Immersion Oil

Glass Slide

PHASE CONTRAST –MP MODELS ONLY

The phase contrast microscope reveals fine detail in transparent

objects which possess very little contrast. Unstained living

organisms and cells can be studied without danger of artifacts

produced by killing, fixing or staining reagents. Before the advent

of phase contrast such specimens could only be examined in

transmitted light by closing down the sub-stage condenser

diaphragm to a small aperture. The narrow cone of illumination

produced diffraction with destruction of detail. The M10 can be

outfitted with a multi-phase system (MA10050) that includes a set

of Plan Phase objectives and a special phase condenser

carousel. Please refer to the detailed instruction sheet enclosed

with each phase kit for proper use.

Bright Field is defined as: “a type of light microscopy that

produces a dark image against a brighter background; commonly

used for the visualization of stained cells.” To start, you will need

to make sure the condenser is in the highest position. Use of the

iris diaphragm is highly recommended to aid in adding contrast.

Rotate the condenser disk to the BF designation.

4x, 10x, 40x Objectives: Adjust focus and iris as normal.

100x Objective: Adjust and focus as normal. It is highly

recommended that immersion oil be used on the surface of the slide

Dark Field is defined as “an illumination technique that makes the

specimen appear luminous against a background of little or no

light.” This discipline requires a strong and wide arc of transmitted

light. Swift microscopes fitted for phase condensers have high-

output halogen or LED illumination, but their characteristic arcs of

light may require some experimentation to achieve the desired

effect. The iris must be wide open to achieve this effect and the

condenser must be in the highest position. Only the 4x, 10x, 20x

(optional) and 40x produce Dark Field. Rotate the disc to the DF

designation.

4x, 10x, 40x Objectives: Adjust and focus as normal. Iris must

be fully opened.

Phase Contrast is defined as “an optical technique used to better

view the structure of transparent objects whose differences in

thickness result in a difference in the phase of the transmitted

light.” This is also referred to as “optical staining”. The

condenser should be at the highest position and the iris fully

open. In addition, it will be necessary for the phase contrast to

add a clear green filter. The filter optically stains the specimen

allowing structures that are now seen in phase contrast to be

further enhanced. Place the green filter in the swing-out filter

carrier.

Please note: For models that have LED illumination, an

additional swing-out filter carrier is provided. LED illumination

provides a very white light that needs to be softened with a

neutral diffusing filter when using the 10X objective. Place the

neutral diffusing filter in the secondary filter carrier.

Rotate the disc to the desired phase magnification (10, 20/40, or

100) to match the objective you are using. (Please note: the 4x

objective included with the system is not phase)

10x and 40x Objectives: Adjust and focus as normal. Iris must

be fully opened

100x Objective: Make sure the iris is fully open and the

condenser is at the highest position. The green filter may or may

not be used, depending on the desired result upon evaluation of

highly magnified specimens. It is highly recommended that

proper immersion oil be used on the surface of the slide. Use of a

dry P100X phase objective may not produce the desired results.

Please be sure to clean the oil from the lens surfaces when you

are finished. Please consult your Swift Use and Care manual for

proper objective cleaning and care instructions.

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