Swift M10D Series Manuel utilisateur

Swift M10D Series Microscope

Use and Care Manual

SWIFT OPTICAL Enduring Quality and Technical Excellence

SWIFT M10D SERIES (with 3MP built-in digital camera)

The Swift M10D microscope is equipped with superior optics offering

bright clarity and crisp resolution, Siedentopf binocular head for

ergonomic viewing and durable construction to withstand the rigors of a

busy clinical practice or lab. A built-in 3MP digital camera enables users

to display, capture pictures or capture video clips of live images.

Illuminator

Objective

Slide Holder

Head

Eyepiece

On/Off Switch

Illuminator Rheostat

Iris Diaphragm

Mechanical

Stage Control

Coarse Focus

Control

Diopter

Adjustment

Fine Focus

Control

Arm

Base

Nosepiece

COMPONENTS OF THE MICROSCOPE

ARM –the vertical column (attached to the base) which supports the

stage, and contains the coarse and fine adjusting knobs and mechanism.

BASE –the housing and platform of the instrument to which the arm is

attached. The base stands on rubber feet and contains the illuminator

assembly.

COARSE FOCUS –the larger, outside knob of the focus control which

facilitates rapid and heavy movement of the focusing mechanism. In order

to prevent gear damage, the focus control is equipped with an upper limit

stopper that protects the high magnification objectives and slides.

COAXIAL CONTROLS –the focusing mechanism moves the stage up

and down to bring the specimen into focus. The coaxial focusing system

combines both the coarse and fine focus into one knob located on both

sides of the microscope. The control is designed for a continuous

operation over the range of the stage movement. The system is also

furnished with a tension control to prevent “stage drift”.

CONDENSER –the function of the condenser is to provide full

illumination to the specimen plane and to enhance the resolution and

contrast of the object being viewed. The standard condenser of the M10D

Series has a numerical aperture of 1.25 with filter carrier and iris

diaphragm. It is mounted in a sub–stage focusing assembly that can be

raised or lowered for precise light control.

DIOPTER ADJUSTMENT –located on the left eyepiece of the binocular

head and is designed to help compensate the difference between the

user’s eyes.

EYEPIECES –the upper optical element that further magnifies the

primary image of the specimen and brings the light rays in focus at the

eyepoint.

FINE FOCUS –the smaller inner knobs of the focus control which allows

for slow and subtle focusing movement to bring the specimen into sharp

focus.

HEAD –the upper portion of the microscope which contains the refracting

prisms and the eyepiece tubes which hold the eyepieces.

ILLUMINATION –the built-in light source which provides the optical

system with light. The M10D Series uses a variable intensity 3 volt Light

Emitting Diode (LED).

IRIS DIAPHRAGM –a multi-leaf round shaped device which is controlled

by a lever. It is similar to a camera shutter, and is installed under the

condenser. By moving the lever back and forth, the iris diaphragm opens

and closes, increasing and decreasing the contrast of the specimen. If the

image is “washed out”the iris diaphragm is opened too wide. If the image

is too dark the iris is not open wide enough.

NOSEPIECE –the revolving turret that holds the objective lenses,

permitting changes in magnification by rotating different powered

objective lenses into the optical path. The nosepiece must “click”into

place for the objectives to be in proper alignment.

OBJECTIVES –the optical systems which magnify the primary image of

the instrument. Magnifications are typically 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X.

PHASE CONTRAST –The phase contrast microscope reveals fine detail

in transparent objects which possess very little contrast. Unstained living

organisms and cells can be studied without destroying the specimen or

changing its composition by using fixing and staining reagents. Before

the advent of phase contrast such specimens could only be examined in

transmitted light by closing down the substage condenser diaphragm to a

small aperture. The narrow cone of illumination produced diffraction with

destruction of detail.

SIEDENTOPF –a binocular head design where the interpupillary

adjustment (increasing or decreasing the distance between the

eyepieces) is achieved by twisting the eyepiece tubes in an up and down

arc motion similar to binoculars.

STAGE –the table of the microscope where the slide is placed for

viewing. This component moves upward and downward when the

focusing knobs are turned. The stage of the M10D has a built-in

mechanical stage with a below-stage ergonomic “X”and “Y”axis controls.

A finger clip holds the slide securely and is designed to be a slow return

holder to provide protection to the specimen.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY

“COATED”LENS –in attempting to transmit light through glass, much of

the light is lost through reflection. Coating a lens increases the light

transmission by reducing or eliminating reflection, thus allowing more light

to pass through.

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE –a microscope having a primary magnifier

(the objective) and a second (the eyepiece) to both conduct light, amplify

magnification and convert the image into a field of view easily seen by the

human eye.

COVER GLASS –thin glass cut in circles, rectangles, or squares, for

covering the specimen (usually a thickness of 0.15 to 0.17mm). The

majority of specimens should be protected by a cover glass, and must be

covered when using 40XRD or 100XRD objectives.

DEPTH OF FOCUS –the ability of a lens to furnish a distinct image

above and below the focal plane. Depth of focus decreases with the

increase of numerical aperture or with the increase of magnification.

DIN –(Deutsche Industrial Normen originally Deutsches Institut für

Normung). A German standard for the manufacturing of microscope

lenses. DIN lenses will be interchangeable from one DIN microscope to

another.

EYE POINT or EYE RELIEF –the distance from the eye lens of the

eyepiece to your eye where a full field of view is seen.

FIELD OF VIEW –the area of the object that is seen when the image is

observed. It may range in diameter from several millimeters to less than

0.1mm.

FOCAL LENGTH –parallel rays of light after refraction through a lens will

be brought to a focus at the focal point. The distance from the optical

center of the lens to the focal point is the focal length.

NUMERICAL APERTURE (NA) –a measure of an objective’s light

gathering capabilities. The concept may be compared to the F-valve in

photographic lenses. Generally speaking, N.A. values of less than 1.00

are "Dry" objectives. Values of 1.00 or greater require oil as a medium.

Please note that condensers are part of the optical system and are also

assigned an N.A. value. That value must be at least as high as that of the

highest objective used.

PARFOCAL –a term applied to objectives and eyepieces when

practically no change in focus is needed when changing objectives. The

objectives on your microscope are parfocalized at the factory so that

only a slight adjustment of the fine focus knob is needed to maintain focus

when switching magnification.

RESOLUTION or RESOLVING POWER –the ability of a lens to define

the details of the specimen at a maximum magnification. This is governed

by the NA (Numerical Aperture) of the lens. For example, a 40X objective

with NA 0.65 has a maximum resolving power of 650X, equal to 1000

times the NA. This rule of NA x 1000 is true of all achromatic objectives.

WORKING DISTANCE –the distance from the lens of the objective to the

cover slip on the slide, when the specimen is in focus.

USING THE SWIFT M10D SERIES MICROSCOPE

Once you have learned the terminology and purpose of each component

of the microscope, use of the microscope is simple. By following these

steps, you will be able to begin studying the specimen quickly and easily.

1. Open the slide holder of the mechanical stage and carefully place the

slide against the fixed side and back edge of the mechanical stage.

Now slowly release the slide holder lever to hold the slide in place.

2. Align the specimen under the objective lens by using the adjustment

knobs under the mechanical stage. The bottom knob moves the slide

from right/left while the top knob adjusts the slide from front/back.

These knobs allow for precise movement and scanning of the slide.

3. Rotate the nosepiece to place the lowest power objective (4XD) over

the specimen. Be sure the objective “clicks”into position.

4. Adjust the interpupillary distance of the Siedentopf binocular head for

a comfortable view. Align the eyepiece tubes of the binocular head to

create one perfect circle, by moving the eyepiece tubes in an arc

motion.

5. While viewing through the eyepiece, rotate the coarse focus knob to

bring the specimen into focus. This should be done slowly and

carefully.

6. To adjust the contrast of the specimen, open the iris diaphragm to its

largest aperture. If additional contrast is required to permit accurate

viewing of the specimen, the diaphragm should be slowly closed until

the details of the specimen are sharply defined. Be careful not to

close the aperture too much. Although you may be achieving a higher

contrast, the fine structure of the image maybe destroyed. Reducing

the aperture increases the contrast and depth of focus, but it also

reduces resolution and introduces diffraction. The aperture must be

adjusted for each objective.

NA 0.25 for 10XD

NA 0.65 for 40XRD

NA 1.25 for 100XRD

The iris diaphragm is not intended to control the brightness of the

illumination, but induce contrast of the specimen by diffracting light

rays.

7. Use the fine focus control to complete the focus and produce the

sharpest image.

8. For additional clarity, use the left eye diopter adjustment to correct the

differences between the user’s eyes. Set the adjustable left eye

diopter at zero. Then focus with the coaxial focusing knob, using your

right eye only (close your left eye). Now using your left eye only,

adjust the diopter ring until a clear image is seen (close your right

eye). The diopter adjustment is now set to the users eyes and will not

need to be adjusted again until a different user uses the microscope.

9. Now you can rotate the nosepiece to higher magnification objectives.

The objectives are parfocalized so that once the lowest objective

(4XD) is focused, only a slight turn of the fine focusing knob is

required when changing to 10XD, 40XRD and 100XRD objectives.

OIL IMMERSION

It is desirable to use immersion oil with the 100XRD objective. Oil

generates a fine resolution and brightness of the image viewed through

the microscope. Drop a tiny amount of oil (1 drop) onto the slide prior to

focusing with the 100XRD objective (between the slide and the objective

tip). It is essential to thoroughly clean the objective tip after use. Please

contact Swift Optical or your authorized Swift dealer for the appropriate

immersion oil to use.

IMPORTANT: The focal distance of the 100XRD and 40XRD objective to

the slide surface is very close and although the 40XRD objective is sealed

to prevent immersion oil contamination, it is a good practice to avoid

dragging the 40XRD objective through an oiled slide.

PHASE CONTRAST

The phase contrast microscope reveals fine detail in transparent objects

which possess very little contrast. Unstained living organisms and cells

can be studied without danger of artifacts produced by killing, fixing or

staining reagents. Before the advent of phase contrast such specimens

Immersion Oil

100XRD Objective

Slide

could only be examined in transmitted light by closing down the substage

condenser diaphragm to a small aperture. The narrow cone of

illumination produced diffraction with destruction of detail. The M10D can

be outfitted with a multi phase system (MA10050) that includes a set of

Plan Phase objectives and a special phase condenser carousel. Please

refer to the detailed instruction sheet enclosed with each phase kit for

proper use.

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

The M10D model features a built-in 3MP (2048 X 1536 pixel) digital

camera to capture still images or video clips onto a computer. In order to

use the camera, the imaging software must first be installed on a

computer. The minimum computer requirements to use the camera is

having an available USB 2.0 port, Windows XP or Mac OS X operating

system installed on the computer, 1GB of RAM, 1GB free hard drive

space and 2Ghz CPU.

Complete instructions on how to use the software is included on the

software CD that was packaged with the M10D microscopes.

1. Connect the USB cable to the port at the back of the digital

microscope head and to an available USB 2.0 port on a

computer.

2. Install the Motic Images Plus Imaging software on the computer

you will be using with the microscope. The software should

automatically detect and install the correct driver.

IMPORTANT: The next time you connect the M10D to a computer, make

sure the USB cable is connected to the same USB port that was used

during initial installation or the software driver will have to be re-installed).

3. After the software is installed, start the Motic Images Plus program

and click on the CAPTURE WINDOW icon (6th icon from the top

left or click on “File”then “Capture Window”) to view a live image.

4. The background balance setting will need to be adjusted to

compensate for any uneven illumination light patterns. Place a

slide on the stage. Move the specimen out of the field of view so

an empty/blank spot of the slide is being displayed. Click on the

“Background Balance”adjustment box found on the bottom of the

basic setting toolbar to smooth out the light pattern.

5. Bring the specimen back into the field of view and use the

microscope’s focusing controls to bring the specimen into focus.

6. Use the mouse pointer and hold the left mouse button while

dragging the mouse to create a small box in an area of the image

that should be displayed as a white color. (The size of the box

does not make a difference as long as it is only in an area that

should be displayed as white). Click on the “White Balance”

adjustment box found on the toolbar.

7. Click on the camera icon in the upper left corner of the screen to

switch to the “Capture”toolbar. An image can be captured by

clicking on the “Capture”box. A video clip can be recorded by

clicking the “Record”box.

COMMON PROBLEMS IN MICROSCOPY

If you have a problem, you may be able to correct it yourself. Here are a

few common problems and easy solutions you may want to try before

calling for service.

CAUTION –Never disassemble, electrical, mechanical or optical

components. This servicing should only be done by an authorized Swift

technician. The Limited Lifetime Warranty will be null and void if

disassembled by a non-Swift dealer.

A. PROBLEM - Image appears “washed out”or weak

CORRECTION -

1. Slowly close the iris diaphragm.

2. Objective lens is dirty. See “Care and Cleaning”Section

3. Eyepiece is dirty. See “Care and Cleaning”Section

B. PROBLEM - Hairs or dust seem to be moving in the image

CORRECTION - The iris diaphragm is not open wide enough. Slowly

open the iris diaphragm to increase the size of the opening allowing

for additional illumination.

C. PROBLEM - Unable to bring specimen into focus with any objective

CORRECTION - Eye lens of the eyepiece is partially unscrewed.

Remove the eyepiece and screw the two sections together.

D. PROBLEM - Image of the specimen goes out of the focus all by itself.

CORRECTION –Increase the focus tension by turning the tension

knob found next to the left coarse focus knob.

E. PROBLEM –Focusing knobs turn with difficulty even with tension

knob loosened.

CORRECTION - Microscope should be disassembled by qualified,

authorized repairman, cleaned and re-lubricated.

CARE AND CLEANING

Swift microscopes are designed to function with minimal maintenance, but

certain components should be cleaned frequently to ensure ease of

viewing. The power switch should be turned off or the microscope should

be unplugged when not in use.

CLEANING –The front lens of the objectives (particularly the 40XRD and

100XRD) should be cleaned after use. The lens surface may be gently

cleaned with a soft camel hair brush, or blown off with clean, oil-free air to

remove dust particles. Then wipe gently with a soft lens tissue, moistened

with optical cleaner (eyeglass or camera lens) or clean water. Immediately

dry with a clean lens paper.

CAUTION - Objectives should never be disassembled by the user. If

repairs or internal cleaning should be necessary, this should only be done

by qualified, authorized microscope technician. The eyepiece(s) may be

cleaned in the same manner as the objectives, except in most cases

optical cleaner will not be required. In most instances breathing on the

eyepiece to moisten the lens and wiping dry with a clean lens tissue is

sufficient to clean the surface. Lenses should never be wiped while dry as

this will scratch or otherwise mar the surface of the glass.

The finish of the microscope is hard epoxy and is resistant to acids and

reagents. Clean this surface with a damp cloth and mild detergent.

Periodically, the microscope should be disassembled, cleaned and

lubricated. This should only be done by a qualified, authorized microscope

technician.

DUST COVER AND STORAGE –All microscopes should be protected

from dust by a dust cover when in storage or not in use. A dust cover is

the most cost-effective microscope insurance you can buy. Ensure that

the storage space is tall enough to allow the microscope to be placed into

the cabinet or onto a shelf without making undue contact with the

eyepieces. Never store microscopes in cabinets containing chemicals

which may corrode your microscope. Also, be sure that the objectives are

placed in the lowest possible position and the rotating head is turned

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