Campbell ARG100 Manuel utilisateur

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

ARG100 Tipping

Bucket Rain Gauge

"QSJM 201

Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp.

PLEASE READ FIRST

About this manual

Please note that this manual was originally produced by Campbell Scientific Inc. (CSI) primarily

for the US market. Some spellings, weights and measures may reflect this origin.

Some useful conversion factors:

Area: 1 in2(square inch) = 645 mm2

Length: 1 in. (inch) = 25.4 mm

1 ft (foot) = 304.8 mm

1 yard = 0.914 m

1 mile = 1.609 km

Mass: 1 oz. (ounce) = 28.35 g

1 lb (pound weight) = 0.454 kg

Pressure: 1 psi (lb/in2) = 68.95 mb

Volume: 1 US gallon = 3.785 litres

In addition, part ordering numbers may vary. For example, the CABLE5CBL is a CSI part

number and known as a FIN5COND at Campbell Scientific Canada (CSC). CSC Technical

Support will be pleased to assist with any questions.

About sensor wiring

Please note that certain sensor configurations may require a user supplied jumper wire. It is

recommended to review the sensor configuration requirements for your application and supply the jumper

wire is necessary.

Table of Contents

PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the

PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. Description.................................................................1

2. Technical Specifications ...........................................1

3. Installation and Siting................................................2

3.1 Choice of Site.......................................................................................2

3.2 Unpacking............................................................................................2

3.3 Mounting..............................................................................................2

3.4 Levelling..............................................................................................3

4. Wiring..........................................................................3

4.1 Wiring to a Pulse Channel ...................................................................3

4.2 Wiring to a Control Port.......................................................................4

5. Datalogger Programming..........................................4

5.1 Pulse Channel Example Programs .......................................................5

5.1.1 CR1000 Example Program...........................................................5

5.1.2 CR200(X) Series Example Program.............................................5

5.1.3 CR10(X) Example Program..........................................................6

5.2 Control Port Example...........................................................................7

5.2.1 CR1000 Example Program...........................................................7

5.2.2 CR10(X) Example Program..........................................................8

6. Maintenance...............................................................8

7. Calibration..................................................................9

7.1 Static Adjustment and Calibration .......................................................9

7.2 Dynamic Calibration............................................................................9

8. Advantages and Limitations of a Tipping Bucket

Gauge .....................................................................11

9. References................................................................11

Table of Contents

Figures

Figure 4-1 Wiring Diagram from ARG100..................................................... 3

Figure 7-1 Arrangement for Setting and Calibrating the Rain Gauge........... 10

Tables

Table 4-1 Wiring for Pulse Channel Input...................................................... 4

Table 4-2 Wiring for Control Port Input......................................................... 4

Table 5-1 Multipliers ...................................................................................... 4

ARG100 Rain Gauge

The ARG100 is a well-designed tipping bucket rain gauge which combines durable

construction with very reasonable cost. The gauge offers less resistance to air flow than

most previous designs, which helps to reduce the sampling errors that inevitably occur

during wind-driven rain. The gauge is manufactured for Campbell Scientific Canada

(Corp.) by Environmental Measurements Ltd. (under licence from the Institute of

Hydrology), and will provide many years of reliable operation when carefully sited and

installed.

1. Description

The ARG100 rain gauge is constructed from UV-resistant, vacuum-moulded

plastic and consists of a base and an upper collecting funnel. The base splits

into two parts, the inner section supporting the tipping-bucket mechanism and

the outer providing protection and allowing the unit to be bolted firmly to a

suitable mounting plinth or concrete slab.

The tipping bucket arrangement is similar to most other gauges of this type;

precipitation is collected by the funnel and is passed to one of the two buckets

situated at either end of a short balance arm. The balance arm tips when the

first bucket is full, emptying this bucket and positioning the second under the

funnel. The tipping process repeats indefinitely as long as rain continues to fall,

with each tip corresponding to a fixed quantity of rainfall. At each tip, the

moving balance arm forces a magnet to pass a reed switch, causing contact to

be made for a few milliseconds. A two-core cable is used to connect the gauge

to the datalogger where the switch closures are counted.

The ARG100 is adjusted at manufacture to tip once for each 0.2 mm of rain.

More information on gauge calibration is given in Section 7.

2. Technical Specifications

Funnel Diameter: 254 mm

Overall Height: 340 mm

Tip Sensitivity: Standard setting 0.20 mm of rain per tip

Typical Accuracy: 98% @ 20 mm/hr

96% @ 50 mm/hr

95% @ 120mm/hr

Maximum Rainfall Rate (with software correction): 500 mm/hr

Output: Contact closure at tip

Weight: 1.0 kg

ARG100 Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge

3. Installation and Siting

3.1 Choice of Site

Site the gauge carefully, avoiding obvious sources of error such as nearby trees

or buildings. A useful ‘rule of thumb’ is that the distance between the gauge

and any obstruction should be at least as great as twice the height of the

obstruction above the ground.

No two rain gauge designs are ever likely to produce identical

results and identical rain gauges can give slightly different catches

even when sites within a meter of each other.

Research has shown that a rain gauge obstructs the flow of air and that the flow

accelerates and turbulence increases over the top of the funnel. This can cause

less rain to be collected in the funnel than otherwise would have fallen on the

ground. In most cases, this phenomenon is ignored but it may be corrected for

arithmetically or overcome physically by placing the gauge in a pit so that the

rim of the funnel is level with the ground. The pit is covered by a grating to

simulate the aerodynamic roughness of the ground surface while preventing

any splash into the funnel. There are obvious advantages with this method, but

it is not always practical. The body of the ARG100 has a profile which has

been designed to reduce drag and turbulence and it can therefore be sited

conventionally on exposed sites with some confidence. Further details on the

exposure of rain gauges are given in HMSO (1956, 1982) and by Rodda

(1967). Another useful text on exposure and associated errors is Painter (1976).

3.2 Unpacking

Unpack the ARG100 carefully. The tipping mechanism is immobilised before

shipping to prevent damage in transit. To release the mechanism:

1. Remove the funnel of the gauge from its base by unscrewing the three

screws.

2. Remove the small piece of tape which secures the balance arm to the

central post and check the bucket mechanism for freedom of movement.

3.3 Mounting

The ARG100 is a light-weight instrument and it must therefore be bolted down

securely. Three mounting holes are provided in the base of the gauge; access to

these is gained by simply pulling the inner section upwards (it may be

necessary to relieve the strain slightly by pushing a little more cable through

the rubber grommet).

If you need to mount the ARG100 on concrete, we recommend the use of

Anchorbolts. Alternatively, a concrete paving slab may be more convenient as

a base, in which case through-bolts or screws are suitable. Whichever is

chosen, we recommend the use of large washers to spread the load more evenly

around the mounting holes in the plastic base.

For fast, semi-permanent installations the optional RGB1 levelling baseplate

can be used.

Note

ARG100 Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge

3.4 Levelling

If the rain gauge is tilted by more than a few degrees, the bucket mechanism

may be thrown out of balance, significantly affecting its calibration.

Furthermore, during wind-driven rain the response of a gauge with a tilted

funnel collector will vary with wind direction.

Where a concrete slab is used, add sand underneath the slab to level the gauge.

If the gauge is mounted on a concrete base using Anchorbolts, add packing

material under the base before tightening the bolts. Use the internal bubble to

check that the base of the gauge (with the funnel removed) is level; as an

additional check, place a spirit level across the rim of the assembled ARG100.

4. Wiring

The rain gauge is supplied with custom cable length at the time of order. For

most applications the ARG100 may be connected directly to a pulse counting

input on the datalogger as shown in Figure 4-1. For a long cable, a significant

capacitance can exist between the conductors, which discharges across the reed

switch as it closes. As well as shortening the life of the switch, a voltage

transient may be induced in any other wires which run close to the rain gauge

cable each time the gauge tips. A 100:resistor is fitted inside the gauge to

protect the switch from arcing and prevent transients.

Figure 4-1 Wiring Diagram from ARG100

4.1 Wiring to a Pulse Channel

When Short cut software is used to generate the datalogger

program, the sensor should be wired to the channels shown on the

wiring diagram created by Short Cut.

The ARG100 is typically wired to a datalogger’s pulse channel (see Table 4-1).

Black

Clear

Yellow

(Shield)

ARG100

Gor

Pulse

Port Control

Port

+5V

Physical

connection

Note

ARG100 Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge

Table 4-1 Wiring for Pulse Channel Input

Colour

Description

CR800

CR1000

CR3000

CR5000

CR500

CR510

CR10(X)

21X

CR7

CR23X

CR200(X)

Series

Black

Signal

Pulse

Channel

Pulse

Channel

Pulse

Channel

P_SW

White

Signal

Return

Clear

Shield

4.2 Wiring to a Control Port

Dataloggers listed in Table 4-2 have the capability of counting switch closures

on some of their control ports. When a control port is used, the return from the

rain gauge switch must be connected to +5 volts on the datalogger.

Table 4-2 Wiring for Control Port Input

Colour

Description

CR800

CR1000

CR3000

CR500

CR510

CR10

(

CR23X

Black

Signal

Control

Port

C2/P3

Control

Port

Control

Port

White

Signal

Return

5 V

Clear

Shield

The CR10 does not support the use of control port inputs with the Pulse Count

instruction.

5. Datalogger Programming

This section is for users who write their own programs. A

datalogger program to measure this sensor can be generated using

Campbell Scientific’s Short Cut Program Builder software. You

do not need to read this section to use Short Cut.

Precipitation is measured using a Pulse Count with a switch closure

configuration code. The multiplier used in the Pulse Count instruction

determines the units in which rainfall is reported (see Table 5-1).

Table 5-1 Multipliers

Rain Ga

uge

1 mm

ARG100

0.2

Note

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