Yamaha A1M Manuel utilisateur

Thank you for choosing a Yamaha guitar! We know that your new instrument

is going to provide you with years of musical enjoyment.

Your Yamaha guitar is built to be reliable and easy to maintain year after

year. However there are also things the player must do to keep the guitar in

top shape. These are outlined in this booklet.

When to change strings?

All strings get old due to a number of factors: wear and tear from playing,

hand sweat, dirt, and rust. When strings get old, they start to sound dull and

their intonation becomes less reliable.

How often you change them is a personal decision. Professionals will often

change them after every show! However, most normal players would find this

an annoyance—not to mention expensive. An average player might change

his/her strings every three to six months, depending on how much and how

hard they play.

Changing strings is a fact of life for all guitar players. It is not difficult to

do once you have done it a few times. Hopefully this booklet will help you to

change your strings quickly, and make the job look professional.

Clean your strings!

You can make your strings last longer by wiping them off after you play.

Simply run a dry cloth along the length of each string. You can keep a cloth

in your case for this purpose.

Introduction

String Replacement

Steel-string Acoustic Guitars

Like the name says, these strings are made of steel or other metals, such

as bronze. Steel strings gauges can vary widely, from extra-light tension to

heavy tension.

Why the difference in gauges? It depends on the player and the style.

Heavier strings will give a thicker, beefier sound. They will also be harder to

play! Extra light gauge strings will be easier to bend, but will also have a lighter

sound. It depends on the player and the style of music played.

Yamaha steel-string acoustics come strung with light gauge strings. This is

the most popular tension, and strikes a good balance between playability and

tone. A common set would range from a gauge of .012 for string 1 through

to .53 for string 6.

Because of the high tension involved in steel strings, if you change the

gauge of the strings you are using you may need to have some adjustments

made to the guitar, including adjusting the neck, bridge or nut. If you decide to

use a gauge that is different than the gauge the guitar came with, it might be

a good idea to have these adjustments made by an experienced technician.

Electric Guitars

This is where we find the most variety in string gauges. The strings are

made of metal, although the alloys used are different than those designed for

steel-string acoustics.

Once again, there is a trade-off: light strings are easier to bend and do

vibrato, but have a thinner tone and are harder to keep in tune. Heavier strings

sound thicker, but are tougher to bend. There are many different gauges avail-

able, including ‘hybrid’ sets that use light strings for 1 to 3, but heavy strings

for 4 to 6. Most electric guitars today come with fairly light strings that can

range from a .009 gauge on string 1, to a .42 gauge on string 6.

If this is too light, you could move to a range of .010 to .046 which is also

very popular.

Again, if you decide on a string gauge different from that of the original

set, you may need to have the guitar adjusted by a technician.

Classical Guitars

Classical guitars use strings made of nylon. Strings 1 to 3 are made of plain

nylon, while strings 4 to 6 have a nylon core with a steel winding. Classical strings

are lower in tension than steel strings, which means less stress on the neck.

Classical guitar strings are classified not by gauges, but by tensions: low,

medium and high. The difference between these tensions is relatively small,

but players may find they prefer a certain tension. It’s best to experiment to

see which one is best suited for you.

Cleaning the Guitar

Wipe your guitar down regularly with a clean, dry and soft cloth. It’s not

necessary to use polish every time, as this can lead to a buildup of wax or

other materials. Occasionally, you can use guitar polish to bring the shine out

of the finish.

Over time, the fingerboard may get a layer of build-up on it—sweat and dirt

from your hands. Cleaning the fingerboard after you play will help to prevent this.

Setting Action and Intonation

The “action” of a guitar is the distance between the strings and the fretboard.

This can vary depending on the player’s preference. A higher action may suit

a player who plays hard, or who wants a clear, punchy sound. A lower action

may make the guitar easier to play, but also increases the likelihood that there

will be spots on the neck where the notes do no not ring clearly.

The action is determined by a combination of a number of factors: the

height of the bridge and nut, the curve of the neck controlled by the truss rod

(not on classicals), and the levelness of the frets. All of these factors must be

adjusted, and depend on one another.

Your Yamaha guitar is designed to have good action right out of the box.

However, because guitars are made of wood, they can change shape slightly

over time and according to environmental factors. This may result in the need

for modification to the action and intonation. Also, frets get worn out and, over

time, the fretboard itself may get worn down. This is one reason why guitars

need periodic maintenance. It is best to have this work done by an experienced

technician—especially truss rod adjustments and fret dressing.

But, again, this depends on your own needs. If you don’t notice any

problems with the way your guitar works, then it’s probably fine! If, on the

other hand, you are findng points where the strings are buzzing or the guitar is

out of tune higher up the neck, then it may be time to bring it to a technician

for adjustment. This is often called a setup.

Storing the Guitar

If you are using your guitar regularly, store your guitar where you have

easy access. The case is always a good idea. You can also put your guitar on

a floor stand, or hang it from the wall. These hangers and stands are quite

popular and are available at any music store.

If you are planning to leave the guitar for a long period of time, such as

many months or years, then it is wise to loosen the strings a little before storage.

This will ease the pressure on the neck and top.

Humidiers

Remember that guitars are usually made of wood, which will react to

weather conditions. The cold, dry winters of Canada can be very hard on a

guitar. For this reason, players will often put a humidifier in the case, or put

a clip-on humidity controller in the soundhole of the guitar when it is in the

case. This can help prevent cracking and other problems.

Yamaha guitars sold in Canada are made with wood especially designed for

our climate. Most do not require humidity control, but it never hurts, especially

with higher priced models.

Action and Intonation, cont’d

Step 1: Loosen the string to be

replaced. Carefully pull the pin out

of the bridge using the pin remover

slot on the peg winder. You can

make this easier by pushing down

on the end of the string prior to

pulling out the pin.

You can also use a set of pliers or

wire cutters if necessary. Do this

with care, as the pliers can scratch

the guitar or mark the pin.

Suggested tools:

Changing Strings

Changing Strings on a Steel-string Acoustic

Needle nose pliers

Pegwinder with

pin remover slot

Note: change one string at a

time to keep the tension even on

the neck, unless you have a specific

reason to remove all of the strings.

It will also keep the bridge saddle,

which is not glued in place, from

sliding out of its slot. Do not cut the

strings off—this will jolt the neck.

If necessary they can be cut once the

string has been loosened.

Step 2: Put the ball end of the string in the hole.

Push the pin in the hole, all the way down, with

the groove in the pin facing the soundhole (look

at the other pins to see how far to push in). With

your finger holding the pin down, pull up on the

string. This ensures that the ball of the string is

pulled up tightly against the inside of the top

of the guitar. If this hasn’t been secured, the

pin will lift up and pop out as you tighten the

string and you’ll have to start again.

Step 3: Pass the other end of the string through

the appropriate tuning peg. Leave enough slack

on the string so that it can be wrapped two or

three times around the tuning peg.

Step 4: Tighten the string, either by hand or

with a peg winder. You will need one hand to

hold the string tight as you do this (to keep the

windings in place as it wraps around the tuning

peg). Do not let go or you will get a very curly

string that will need to be wound again!

Step 5: Once you have tuned the string to

the proper tension, cut off the excess string

with the wire cutters.

Action and Intonation, cont’d

Changing Strings on an Electric Guitar

Changing Strings on a

Classical (Nylon String) Guitar

Classical guitar strings, in almost all cases, do not have a ball end on the

string. This means that they must be tied to the bridge.

Changing strings on an electric

guitar is much like changing strings

on an acoustic guitar, except for the

bridge. Instead of a set of bridge

pins, the strings are usually passed

through holes in the back of the

guitar.

Look at the other strings to get an

idea how they are fastened. It is best

to change one string at a time.

Note: The guitar comes with the strings neatly tied, as shown here;

however, you can tie the stings to the bridge any way that you wish.

Classical guitar restringing, cont’d

Step 1: Tie a knot on one end of the

unwound strings.

Step 2: Pass the unknotted end

through the hole.

Step 3: Tie the end of the string as

shown.

Step 4: Pull the string tight.

Now you are ready to pass the other

end of the string through the tuning peg.

Have a great time playing your Yamaha guitar! Special thanks to

master guitar technician Ken Newfield for advice and photos.

Note: The clear nylon strings have a tendencyclear nylon strings have a tendency

to slip out of the peg hole when you tighten them.

To prevent this, follow steps 5, 6 and 7 below:

Step 6: Tie a knot in the string.

Step 7: Pull the knot tight and you

are ready to wind the string.

Note:The strings on a classical guitar will stretch considerably.At first it may

seem like they will never stay in tune! They will eventually stabalize. It is best

not to pull them or stretch them, as this can make the intonation uneven.

Step 5: Thread the string through the peg

hole.

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