WRS PAK68/3 Manuel utilisateur

Processor Replacement Card, Version 3

CPU Accelerator for the Atari ST(E) Series

IMPRINT

Page 1 PAK68/3

PAK68/3

Processor Replacement Card, Version 3

CPU Accelerator for the Atari ST(E) Series

Developer: Holger Zimmermann

PAK68/3, including the GAL equations, lies with the developers.

Reproduction is permitted for private use only!

Distributor/Supplier:

WRS Software-Design

W. Rohmann & R. Skuplik GbR

Humboldtstrasse 12

45886 Gelsenkirchen

TEL: 0209 - 87 30 01

FAX: 0209 - 87 30 02

E-Mail: info@wrsonline.de

WWW: http://www.wrsonline.de

Documentation: R. Skuplik, H. Zimmermann

2nd Edition from 01/11/2000

Limitation of Liability

We reserve the right to make changes to the hardware, the

GAL equations or the documentation withhout restriction. We

are not responsible for the accuracy of the manual or damage

resulting from the use of the hardware. Every modification

done to your own computer system is performed at your own

risk!

We are always grateful for suggestions to improve the manual.

Table of Contents

PAK68/3 Page 2

Table of Contents

1. Before Starting 3

1.1 Notes 3

1.2 Delivery Options 3

1.3 Requirements 3

1.4 Features of the PAK68/3-030 5

2. Building the PAK68/3 5

2.1 Prerequisites 5

2.2 Clock Buffering –Part 1 6

2.3 The Construction 7

3. Installing the PAK68/3 8

3.1 Preparing the Mainboard 8

3.2 Preparing the PAK 11

3.3 Installing the PAK 12

3.4 Initial Testing 12

4. Configuring the PAK68/3 13

4.1 The GAL Set 13

4.2 The Jumpers 14

4.3 The TOS 15

4.4 Clock Buffering - Part 2 16

4.5 PAK and 68000: Alternate Operating Mode 17

4.6 PAK with Mainboard Clock Greater Than 8MHz 18

4.7 PAK and PuPla/? 19

5. Troubleshooting 19

5.1 Startup Problems 20

5.2 Stability Problems 20

5.3 DMA/Floppy Problems 21

5.4 Additional Extensions 22

Appendix

A Component Layout 24

B Parts List 25

C TOS ROM Table 26

1. Before Starting

Page 3 PAK68/3

1. Before Starting

1.1 Notes

Please read the instructions carefully before you begin the

construction and installation. Most errors can be attributed to an

insuffucient knowledge of the instructions. The installation of the

finished PAK68/3 board should be possible even for people with

limited hardware experience. If the necessary steps seem too

difficult, ask an acquaintance with some experience or contact

us (see imprint).

Then again, anyone with the empty board or the parts kit

shouldn't really face any great hurdles. The required steps are

of medium difficulty so you should already have some

experience with the construction and installation of circuit

boards. The construction and installation of the PAK68/3 as

well as changes to your computer are performed at your own

risk.

The PAK68/3 was first introduced in the magazine c’t. If you

would like to read the articles they were in the 11/93 issue page

222 and the 12/93 issue page 276.

1.2 Delivery Options

The PAK68/3 is available in three versions; each with manual

and disk.

Empty board with optional programmed GALs

Parts Kit (Empty board and hard to procure components)

Ready-Built Unit

optional:

PAK-GAL Set P13-50d, P2-ST, P3-PUK-A, V4-50ac,

V5-51a, P6-ST (for operation without FRAK/?) or P6-

F05 (for operation with FRAK/?). (GAL combinations at

the time of the printing of the manual)

1.3 Requirements

The PAK is a very stable and trouble-free CPU accelerator but

there are a few things to keep in mind:

1.3 Requirements

PAK68/3 Page 4

The PAK is designed to work only in 68000 based systems:

i.e. not in the TT, Falcon or Clones.

The target CPU package is DIP (64pin, rectangular). For

PLCC-CPUs (STE, MSTE; 68pin, square) an adapter is

needed since the PAK expects the CPU in DIP form.

Unfortunately, this is a very problematic issue, since there are

always problems with plug-type adapters. Therefore, we do

not recommend installing the PAK in systems with PLCC-CPU.

The CPU must already be socketed otherwise the PAK cannot

be plugged in. If someone wants to use the 68000 CPU in

alternate operating mode it can be used later on the PAK

(together with the switchover GAL P3). The PAK cannot be

installed onto an existing 68000 CPU!

If a blitter is present it is best to completely remove it or at

least disable it since it impedes the operation of the PAK.

Incidentally, the PAK offers the speed benefits of the blitter

anyway since it overtakes the performance of the blitter from

32MHz onwards.

For the proper operation of the PAK a patched TOS 3.06 is

necessary in EPROMs located on the PAK board. Without this

PAK-TOS, if the PAK runs at all, it is very limited (because the

PMMU of the 68030 is not initialized).

The mainboard RAM should have a maximum access time of

100ns with 80ns being better and 60ns being optimal.

Unfortunately, there are add-ons with 120ns and even 150ns.

With those you will inevitably have problems (random

crashes).

If you run a TOS-Card (TOS 2.06 upgrade), you must check

that the access time of any GALs present on the extension

do not exceed 15ns. Unfortunately if the GAL used is slow

(25ns for example), you must remove the TOS-card (or

install a faster GAL).

When the PAK is used with a MegaSTE make sure to set the

processor clock to 8MHz and turn off the board cache

(remember to save the settings) otherwise the PAK will not

work.

1.3 Requirements

Page 5 PAK68/3

You must ensure that the power supply is not overloaded if

you operate the PAK in conjunction with other extensions.

The original power supply is generally not very strong.

It is important to provide solid ground connections (short and

thick). The PAK provides several connection points for this

on the board (GND). Also a direct power connection to the

+5V pad on the PAK is not a bad idea.

IDE adapters can cause problems in principle so it may be

better to use SCSI.

Unfortunately, some graphics adapters can cause problems.

Candidates for this are the NOVA adapters, the VOFA and

the Multiboard. More on this later.

1.4 Features of the PAK68/3-030

68030 processor, 32-bit instruction and data cache on-chip,

PMMU

68881/882 FPU (optional)

32KB second level cache (optional)

32-50 MHz clock frequency

EPROMs with a custom TOS 3.06 on the PAK (optional)

Switchover mode to operate with a 68000 CPU (optional)

High compatibility with Atari mainboards and other hardware

through a clean bus interface (the PAK even runs on 68000-

based Macintosh systems!)

2. Building the PAK68/3

2.1 Prerequisites

This chapter isn't relevant to owners of the finished device. If

this applies please continue reading from Chapter 3 onwards.

We assume that the empty board has been purchased by

persons who know what they are doing and can get the

components themselves. Those who have purchased the

(partial) parts kit still need the remaining components. These

should be available at any well-stocked local electronics store.

2.1 Prerequisites

PAK68/3 Page 6

A good electronics soldering iron (regulated, max. 25W) and a

good desoldering pump should be on-hand. Also, if necessary,

some desoldering braid. Of course you will need flux-cored

electronics solder and a fine side-cutter. If any step in the

process seems too daunting then just ask a friend with some

experience for help or take advantage of our installation service

if all else fails.

If you want to build the PAK yourself then please take great care

in the construction since the board is a 4x multilayer PCB and

errors may be difficult to find after-the-fact and can be costly.

2.2 Clock Buffering - Part 1

Before you start building you will need to decide in principle if

you want to use clock buffering or not. This is because additional

components are required for buffering as well as some standard

components being changed. So you can save time with a little

extra effort and consideration. Though you can always retrofit or

remove the clock buffering later, it's just extra work that can be

avoided.

To help you make the decision here is an overview of the

possibilities:

No Clock Buffering

This really only makes sense if you intend to install a FRAK/?

in the near future since the clock buffering is built-in and so it is

not used on the PAK even if it is installed! Otherwise you can

only do without buffering on a 32 MHz PAK and cannot use a

FPU.

So now if you have decided against clock buffering then you

should close the bridge between R47 and the quartz oscillator

with some solder immediately so you do not forget; otherwise

the PAK will not run since clearly there will be no clock.

Clock Buffering - Permanently Soldered

If you will use the PAK long-term without equipping a FRAK/?

Then we generally recommend clock buffering for the PAK

above 32MHz and always with a FPU (at 50MHz it is

2.2 Clock Buffering –Part 1

Page 7 PAK68/3

pretty much mandatory!). So you will need to obtain the

additional/other components for the clock buffering and

equip the PAK accordingly during construction.

Attention! With FRAK/? the clock buffering must not be used!

Clock-Buffering - Variable

If you intend to play around with the clock buffering (tests

with/without FRAK/?, fiddling with the clock frequency, etc.),

you should consider whether or not to use solder cups for the

analog components of the clock buffering to make it easier to

replace those components at a later time. The same applies

to R41 and R43 if you intend to experiment with the board

clock.

Attention! With FRAK/? the clock buffering must not be used!

2.3 The Construction

Regarding the order of construction we recommend first placing

the flat components i.e. all the analog components such as

resisitors, capacitors and the resistor network. Then solder the

74F86, the four cache SRAMs and the 16V8-GAL P3-PUK-A

directly to the board (without socket). Now place the IC sockets

and the IC plug adapter pins; (using a 64-pin socket below

these can serve as a positioning aid). The board-edge pads of

the two 64-pin SIL rows are for one socket of the PAK (U7, i.e.

for a 68000) and the board-center pads are for the IC adapter

pins for plugging into the mainboard socket (CON2). By the

way, it is best to place the IC adapter pins on the PAK first then

the SIL strips. Now all that remains are the jumper pin headers

and the semiconductor ICs which will be placed into their

sockets just before installation. The jumpers are explained in

more detail in Chapter 4.2.

If you have decided to buffer the clock, solder the 74F00 on the

solder side without a socket. Pin 1 has a square pad. For R47

use 10 ohms instead of 33 ohms. For R48 use 68 ohms and for

C43 use 220pF (between GAL sockets) Also, in this case, the

solder bridge between R47 and the oscillator on the bottom

must remain open.

2.3 The Construction

PAK68/3 Page 8

Attention! With a FRAK/? the clock buffering must not be used!

The PAK should now be soldered except for any possible wires

or cabling. We are moving closer to the installation in Chapter 3.

3. Installing the PAK68/3

3.1 Preparing the Mainboard

To start with: The ideal target system for a PAK is a MegaST.

With the 520ST and 1040ST(F) there are sometimes problems

due to the older board design (keyword: bus terminations) and

the power supply. With the 1040STE and MegaSTE the PLCC

CPU can be a stumbling block since most PLCC-to-DIP

adapters are apt to be problematic.

The important thing is that the CPU must be socketed for the

installation of the PAK since it is placed in leiu of the original

CPU. However, with the switchover GAL P3 on the PAK, a

68000 can be used as a fallback alternative. With this being

said, if your CPU is not socketed now is the time to do it. The

best way to do this is to use a fine side-cutter and snip the CPU

pins close to the mainboard. This renders the CPU unusable,

but a new CPU costs just 10,- DM. A new mainboard would be

much more expensive if you were to require one. After snipping

the pins, you can simply hold each pin remaining in the

mainboard with some tweezers and easily unsolder them. Then

clean the holes with a desoldering pump. (tip: heat from the

component side and suction from the solder side!) and finally

clear the board of any solder blobs or solder splashes remaining

from the desoldering process. Now you are just missing the DIP

precision socket. Please pay attention to the correct alignment

of the socket in relation to the mainboard stenciling. If there was

a small board present on the CPU (only MegaST and you can

just get rid of it with the CPU) you have to close the cut trace

made by Atari on the solder side of the mainboard. To do this,

run one wire from pin 12 of the CPU socket to pin 12 of the

Megabus connector on the bottom of the board.

3.1 Preparing the Mainboard

Page 9 PAK68/3

Using a new CPU to functionally test the new socket wll ensure

the conversion was successfully completed.

If you intend to convert a 1040STE or MegaSTE for the PAK

then you must first remove the CPU from its socket, install a

PLCC-to-DIP adapter then get a 68000 CPU in DIP form to test

it with. But you should be clear that we warn against contact

problems when using a PLCC-to-DIP adapter.

For trouble-free operation of the PAK we strongly recommend

removal of the blitter if it is installed (i.e. MegaST). The reason

is a bus transfer protocol error that can lead to crashes or DMA

issues (which is the reason for the small add-on board in some

MegaSTs). Apart from that, using the blitter in concert with a

PAK will incur a speed penalty: The blitter is a DMA device so

with every blitter activity the second level cache of the PAK is

cleared which effectively slows things down. Regarding working

speeds, the PAK outperforms the blitter anyway from 32MHz

onwards. So if you do decide to remove the blitter, please do

not forget the two solder bridges, so the computer doesn't hang

the next time you turn it on.

So that there are no problems with the mainboard RAM, it

should have a max access time of 100ns. Unfortunately there

are configurations with 120ns or even 150ns. If that is the case

there will certainly be problems. If you are unlucky enough to

have such a computer then you must first ensure you have fast

enough mainboard RAM. Depending on the mainboard, this can

grow into quite a soldering job. Unforunately this is a broad topic

and goes beyond the scope of this manual. If you can't ensure

the mainboard has fast enough RAM then we advise against

installing the PAK. If necessary, an experienced friend may be

able to help you. Unfortunately we cannot offer this service

since the procedure is far too expensive for anyone to want to

pay... However, it is important to note that for the installation of

a memory expansion if you take the power supply from the

vicinity of the RAM on the mainboard then you should bridge the

built-in Atari choke which seperates the RAM-Vcc section of the

mainboard from the rest.

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