ST STSW-ST25DV002 Manuel utilisateur

Introduction

This document describes the functionalities of the STSW-ST25DV002 firmware, developed to take full advantage of the

ST25DV64KC-DISCO board functionalities, working with any dynamic tag of the ST25DV-I2C Series.

In this document, the dynamic tag series from STMicroelecronics is referred to as ST25DV-I2C tags.

The ST25DV-I2C tags are integrated circuits (IC) for contactless applications that communicate with a microcontroller through

an I2C interface; this makes this device a dynamic tag. On the RF side, the reader (for instance a smart phone) retrieves and

updates the content of the tag when close by.

The reader communicates with the ST25DV64KC-DISCO board using the ISO 15693 protocol, while the STM32L476xx

microcontroller device communicates with the ST25DV-I2C tag through an I2C bus.

With this discovery kit, the ST25DV-I2C tag is ready to receive any content, following the NFC Forum standard. This means that

a smart phone is able to natively read it, without having previously installed any specific application.

A specific Fast transfer mode allows the user to transfer data directly to the microcontroller, without using the embedded

EEPROM.

STSW-ST25DV002 firmware for the ST25DV64KC-DISCO board

UM2949

User manual

UM2949 - Rev 1 - February 2022

For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office.

www.st.com

1General information

This document applies to the STM32L476xx Arm®-based microcontroller devices.

Note: Arm is a registered trademark of Arm Limited (or its subsidiaries) in the US and/or elsewhere.

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2List of acronyms and notational conventions

2.1 List of acronyms

Table 1. Acronyms

Acronym Definition

APB Advanced peripheral bus

AAR Android™ application record

BLE Bluetooth® Low Energy

CAN Controller area network

GPS Global positioning system

GPO General purpose output

H2R Host to reader

IEC International electrotechnical commission

ISO International standards organization

MCU Micro controller unit (microcontroller)

NFC Near field communication

OOB Out of band

R2H Reader to host

RF Radio frequency

RFID Radio frequency identification

RISC Reduced instruction set computer

SPI Serial peripheral interface

URI Uniform resource identifier

URL Uniform resource locator

USB Universal serial bus

2.2 Number convention and notation

The following conventions and notations apply in this document unless otherwise stated:

• Binary numbers are represented by strings of 0 and 1 digits starting with the most significant bit (MSB) on

the left followed by the least significant bit (LSB) on the right, and "0b" added at the beginning. Example:

0b11110101.

• Hexadecimal numbers are represented by using numbers 0 to 9 and characters A to F, and adding "0x" at

the beginning. The MSB is shown on the left and the LSB on the right. Example: 0xF5.

• Decimal numbers are represented without any leading character. Example: 245.

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3Overview

3.1 ST25DV-I2C tag

The ST25DV-I2C tag is a dynamic tag IC for contactless applications (ISO 15693). It manages the RF

communication with a reader. It also includes frame coding, RF modulation and manages the anti-collision

process.

The ST25DV-I2C tag works as an NFC Forum Type 5 tag, supporting: detection, read and write operations. As

shown in Figure 1, this device communicates with a reader without any external controller.

Figure 1. Communication scheme

MCU ST25DV-I2C RF

I2C

3.2 STM32L476xx microcontroller devices

The STM32L476xx microcontroller devices are ultra-low-power microcontrollers based on the high-performance

Arm® 32-bit RISC core operating at a frequency of up to 80 MHz. The Arm® Cortex®-M4 core features a

floating point unit (FPU) single precision, which supports all Arm® single-precision data-processing instructions

and data types. It also implements a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit (MPU) to enhance

application security.

The STM32L476xx microcontroller devices embed high-speed memories (up to 1 Mbytes of Flash memory,

up to 128 Kbytes of SRAM), a flexible external memory controller (FSMC) for static memories (for devices

with packages of 100 pins and more), a Quad-SPI Flash memory interface (available on all packages) and an

extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected to two APB buses, two AHB buses and a 32-bit

multi-AHB bus matrix.

The STM32L476xx microcontroller devices embed several protection mechanisms for embedded Flash memory

and SRAM: readout protection, write protection, proprietary code readout protection and firewall.

These devices offer up to three fast 12-bit ADCs (5 Msps), two comparators, two operational amplifiers, two

DAC channels, an internal voltage reference buffer, a low-power RTC, two general-purpose 32-bit timers, two

16-bit PWM timers dedicated to motor control, seven general-purpose 16-bit timers, and two 16-bit low-power

timers. The STM32L476xx microcontroller devices support four digital filters for external sigma delta modulators

(DFSDM).

In addition, up to 24 capacitive sensing channels are available. The devices also embed an integrated LCD driver

8x40 or 4x44, with internal step-up converter.

They also feature standard and advanced communication interfaces:

• Three I²Cs

• Three SPIs

• Three USARTs, two UARTs and one Low-power UART.

• Two SAIs (serial audio interfaces)

• One SDMMC

• One CAN

• One USB OTG full-speed

• One SWPMI (single wire protocol master interface)

For full details of the STM32L476xx microcontroller device specifications, refer to www.st.com.

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3.3 ST25DV64KC-DISCO boards

The ST25DV64KC-DISCO is an evaluation kit, which allows the user to evaluate the performance of the ST25DV-

I2C tag dynamic tag. The kit is composed of two boards, namely a motherboard (see Figure 2) and the ST25DV-

I2C tag daughter board (see Figure 3).

3.3.1 ST25DV64KC-DISCO motherboard

The ST25DV64KC-DISCO (illustrated in Figure 2) is powered through the USB bus (micro and mini connectors)

and no external power supply is required.

This motherboard embeds the STM32L476VG microcontroller and different peripherals:

• LCD display and touchscreen to interface with the user

• USB connectors to connect to a PC (mini-USB for the ST-Link debugger and micro-USB available for the

user application)

• Optional modules: Wi‑Fi® and BLE to connect with a smart phone

The connectors on the right side of the board are dedicated to the daughter boards that embed the NFC tags.

Figure 2. ST25DV64KC-DISCO motherboard MB1396

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3.3.2 ST25DV-I2C tag daughter board

The ST25DVKC Discovery ANT C3 board (illustrated in Figure 3) embeds the ST25DV64KC device and a 40 mm

x 23 mm, 13.56 MHz double layer inductive etched antenna (no need for any tuning components).

The ST25DV64KC communicates with the STM32L476VG 32-bit MCU via the I²C bus.

Figure 3. ST25DVKC Discovery ANT C3 board

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4Firmware description

4.1 Prerequisite

The ST25DV-I2C tag is a dynamic tag, whose content and configuration is driven by both a microcontroller

(through I²C) and a reader through RF.

To benefit from the ST25DV64KC-DISCO demonstration kit, the user must have one of the following:

• A smart phone with the NFC enabled, combined with the ST25 NFC App installed on it. Refer to ST25

Android™ NFC tap application (UM2131), available on www.st.com for more information.

• An NFC reader, such as the CR95HF distributed with the M24LR discovery kit (M24LR-DISCOVERY). To

take full advantage of the ST25DV-I2C tag features, use CR95HF transceiver board firmware version 3.7.0

or higher, combined with the ST25PC-NFC software. Refer to Software toolbox for NFC tags user manual

(UM2444), available on www.st.com.

The ST25DV-I2C tag is fully compliant with the NFC Forum Type 5 standard. As this standard is recently

introduced, some features may not be fully supported by older smart phones.

4.2 Main menu

The main menu (Figure 4) is composed of three icons, used to access sub-menus.

Figure 4. ST25DV64KC-DISCO main menu display

Each item allows the user to enter a sub-menu containing a set of use cases as outlined. The sub-menus are

summarized in Table 2:

Table 2. Main menu item definition

Discover ST25DV-I2C tag Fast transfer mode demonstration NFC NDEF demonstrations

Note: If the Wi

‑

Fi® and/or the Bluetooth® Low Energy modules have been added to the board, the corresponding icons

are available to access the Wi

‑

Fi® and Bluetooth® pairing demonstrations.

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To select a category, touch the icon on the screen. To start a demonstration, touch the desired demonstration

icon on the screen (see description below). A long touch on an icon displays the description of the corresponding

demonstration(s) in the top line.

As the purpose of this document is to illustrate the firmware behavior, the descriptions are detailed from the

microcontroller point of view.

4.2.1 Discover ST25DV-I2C tag menu

As shown in Figure 5, the "Discover ST25DV-I2C tag" menu proposes several demonstrations of the ST25DV-I2C

tag specific features, among them:

• GPO interrupts in Section 4.2.2

• Energy harvesting in Section 4.2.3

• ST25DV-I2C tag states in Section 4.2.4

• Multi-areas and passwords in Section 4.2.5

Figure 5. ST25DV64KC-DISCO features main display

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4.2.2 RF GPO interrupt demonstration

The ST25DV-I2C tag has a GPO that is used to send interrupts to the microcontroller.

Several kinds of event on the RF side may be configured to trigger the GPO interrupt. In this demonstration

all possible interrupt sources are enabled, except for the "RF activity", which occurs too often for reasonable

readability when using a smart phone as a reader.

To start the demonstration, select the "GPO control demo" menu, this displays the instructions until it detects a

GPO interrupt.

As soon as the first GPO interrupt is received, the LCD displays the list of sources of received interrupt, and the

number of each interrupt occurrences (see Figure 6).

Figure 6. ST25DV64KC-DISCO interrupt generation display

The event types and the way to generate them are listed below:

• Field on: place a reader near the ST25DV-I2C tag

• Field off: move a reader away from the ST25DV-I2C tag

• EEPROM written: modify the content of the ST25DV-I2C tag

• RF interrupt: requires the use of a specific reader instruction, that is sent either by a smart phone running

the ST25 NFC app, or by a reader (see the instructions in Smart phone GPO management and Generating

the RF and RF user interrupts using the ST25PC-NFC software with the CR95HF sections, respectively, for

Android™ ST25 NFC application and for the CR95HF reader used with the ST25PC-NFC software)

• RF user: requires the use of a specific reader command, that is sent either by a smart phone running the

ST25 NFC app or by a reader (see the instructions in Smart phone GPO management and Generating the

RF and RF user interrupts using the ST25PC-NFC software with the CR95HF sections, respectively, for the

Android™ ST25 NFC application and for the CR95HF reader used with the ST25PC-NFC software)

To start the Android ST25 NFC application, read the ST25DV-I2C tag with a smart phone (after entering the GPO

demonstration), which automatically opens the required application (or propose the installation of the application).

The automatic application selection is done using an NDEF with an AAR.

Note: The mailbox events are also used to trigger the GPO interrupts. They are not mentioned here, as they would

require placing the ST25DV-I2C tag in the Mailbox mode.

Smart phone GPO management

The ST25 NFC application handles the RF interrupt and the RF user interrupt using register fields information

(see Figure 7). Do not forget to present the configuration password before any register change.

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Figure 7. Smart phone GPO register configuration

The ST25 NFC application generates the RF interrupt and the RF user interrupt using features located in the

Tools fragment in association with the RF GPO interrupt demonstration.

Generating the RF and RF user interrupts using the ST25PC-NFC software with the CR95HF

These interrupts are generated by any RF reader or Android™ smart phone.

Using the CR95HF IC and ST25PC-NFC software, the user is able to send interrupts or drive the GPO (see

Figure 8 and Figure 9)

• Select the ST25DV-I2C tag product

• Select "ENERGY HARVESTING" and GPO tab

• Click on "Send Interrupt Generated by GPO" to send an interrupt on GPO line

• Click on GPO set or GPO reset to be able to drive the GPO line.

For additional information about CR95HF PC software refer to the CR95HF development software user manual

(UM1084), available on www.st.com.

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