Octagon Systems 2050 PC/104 CPU Manuel utilisateur

2050 PC/104 CPU

Reference manual

Manual part #6949, rev.I09

CONTACT INFORMATION

Front Desk: 303–430–1500

Technical Support: 303–426–4521

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logo and the Micro PC logo are trademarks of Octagon Systems

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Ltd. Windows 98™, Windows NT™, and Windows CE™ are

trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. LynxOS®is a registered

trademark of Lynx Real–Time Systems, Inc. HyperTerminal ™ is a

Disclaimer

may be reproduced, provided that Octagon Systems Corporation is

cited as the source. The contents of this manual and the specifications

herein may change without notice.

The information contained in this manual is believed to be correct.

However, Octagon assumes no responsibility for any of the circuits

described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right,

and makes no representations that the circuits are free from patent

infringement. Octagon makes no representation or warranty that such

applications will be suitable for the use specified without further

testing or modification.

Octagon Systems Corporation general policy does not recommend the

use of its products in life support applications where the failure or

malfunction of a component may directly threaten life or injury. It is a

Condition of Sale that the user of Octagon products in life support

applications assumes all the risk of such use and indemnifies Octagon

against all damage.

Technical support: 303–426–4521

Telephone: 303–430–1500

FAX: 303–426–8126

Revision History

Revision Reason for Change Date

I09 Corrected temperature range 02 / 09

IMPORTANT!

Please read the following section before installing your product:

Octagon’s products are designed to be high in performance while

consuming very little power. In order to maintain this advantage,

CMOS circuitry is used.

CMOS chips have specific needs and some special requirements that

the user must be aware of. Read the following to help avoid damage to

your card from the use of CMOS chips.

Using CMOS circuitry in industrial control

Industrial computers originally used LSTTL circuits. Because many

PC components are used in laptop computers, IC manufacturers are

exclusively using CMOS technology. Both TTL and CMOS have failure

mechanisms, but they are different. Described below are some of the

failures that are common to all manufacturers of CMOS equipment.

However, much of the information has been put in the context of the

Micro PC.

Octagon has developed a reliable database of customer–induced, field

failures. The average MTBF of Micro PC cards exceeds 11 years, yet

there are failures. Most failures have been identified as customer–

induced, but there is a small percentage that cannot be identified. As

expected, virtually all the failures occur when bringing up the first

system. On subsequent systems, the failure rate drops dramatically.

Approximately 20% of the returned cards are problem–free. These

cards, typically, have the wrong jumper settings or the customer

has problems with the software. This causes frustration for the

customer and incurs a testing charge from Octagon.

Of the remaining 80% of the cards, 90% of these cards fail due to

customer misuse and accident. Customers often cannot pinpoint

the cause of the misuse.

Therefore, 72% of the returned cards are damaged through some

type of misuse. Of the remaining 8%, Octagon is unable to

determine the cause of the failure and repairs these cards at no

charge if they are under warranty.

The most common failures on CPU control cards are over voltage of

the power supply, static discharge, and damage to the serial and

parallel ports. On expansion cards, the most common failures are

static discharge, over voltage of inputs, over current of outputs, and

misuse of the CMOS circuitry with regards to power supply

sequencing. In the case of the video cards, the most common failure is

to miswire the card to the flat panel display. Miswiring can damage

both the card and an expensive display.

Multiple component failures: The chance of a random

component failure is very rare since the average MTBF of an

Octagon card is greater than 11 years. In a 7-year study, Octagon

has never found a single case where multiple IC failures were not

caused by misuse or accident. It is very probable that multiple

component failures indicate that they were user–induced.

Testing “dead” cards: For a card that is “completely

nonfunctional”, there is a simple test to determine accidental over

voltage, reverse voltage or other “forced” current situations.

Unplug the card from the bus and remove all cables. Using an

ordinary digital ohmmeter on the 2,000 ohm scale, measure the

resistance between power and ground. Record this number.

Reverse the ohmmeter leads and measure the resistance again. If

the ratio of the resistances is 2:1 or greater, fault conditions most

likely have occurred. A common cause is miswiring the power

supply.

Improper power causes catastrophic failure: If a card has

had reverse polarity or high voltage applied, replacing a failed

component is not an adequate fix. Other components probably

have been partially damaged or a failure mechanism has been

induced. Therefore, a failure will probably occur in the future. For

such cards, Octagon highly recommends that these cards be

replaced.

Other over–voltage symptoms: In over–voltage situations, the

programmable logic devices, EPROMs and CPU chips, usually fail

in this order. The failed device may be hot to the touch. It is

usually the case that only one IC will be overheated at a time.

Power sequencing: The major failure of I/O chips is caused by

the external application of input voltage while the Micro PC power

is off. If you apply 5V to the input of a TTL chip with the power off,

nothing will happen. Applying a 5V input to a CMOS card will

cause the current to flow through the input and out the 5V power

pin. This current attempts to power up the card. Most inputs are

rated at 25 mA maximum. When this is exceeded, the chip may be

damaged.

Failure on power-up: Even when there is not enough current to

destroy an input described above, the chip may be destroyed when

the power to the card is applied. This is due to the fact that the

input current biases the IC so that it acts as a forward biased

diode on power-up. This type of failure is typical on serial interface

chips but can apply to any IC on the card.

Under rated power supply: The board may fail to boot due to

an under rated power supply. It is important that a quality power

supply be used with the 2050 that has sufficient current capacity,

line and load regulation, hold up time, current limiting, and

minimum ripple. The power supply for the 2050 must meet the

startup risetime requirements specified in the ATX Power Design

Guide, version 1.1, section 3.3.5. This ensures that all the

circuitry on the CPU control card sequences properly and avoids

system lockup.

Excessive signal lead lengths: Another source of failure that

was identified years ago at Octagon was excessive lead lengths on

digital inputs. Long leads act as an antenna to pick up noise. They

can also act as unterminated transmission lines. When 5V is

switch onto a line, it creates a transient waveform. Octagon has

seen submicrosecond pulses of 8V or more. The solution is to place

a capacitor, for example 0.1 µF, across the switch contact. This will

also eliminate radio frequency and other high frequency pickup.

Note Any physical damage to the CPU control card is not covered under

warranty.

Table of Contents

Using CMOS circuitry in industrial control................................................................ 3

Table of Contents.............................................................................................................6

List of Figures................................................................................................................ 10

List of Tables..................................................................................................................11

Overview: Section 1 – Installation............................................................................... 12

Chapter 1: Overview..................................................................................................... 13

Description .................................................................................................................. 13

2050 major hardware features................................................................................... 13

CPU processor.......................................................................................................... 13

32 MB Surface Mount SDRAM ............................................................................... 13

Solid–state disk SSD1 .............................................................................................13

CompactFlash socket............................................................................................... 14

Hard disk and floppy disk ports.............................................................................. 14

Ethernet ...................................................................................................................14

Multipurpose connector........................................................................................... 14

Serial ports protected against ESD ........................................................................14

Multifunctional printer port ...................................................................................15

Hardware reset ........................................................................................................15

Real time calendar/clock with battery–backup......................................................15

Watchdog timer added for safety ............................................................................ 16

PC/104 16–bit interface ........................................................................................... 16

5 Volt operation lowers system cost........................................................................ 16

Rugged environmental operation............................................................................16

Size ...........................................................................................................................16

2050 major software features..................................................................................... 17

Diagnostic software verifies system integrity automatically ................................ 17

SETUP information stored in EEPROM for high reliability................................. 17

Phoenix software BIOS ........................................................................................... 17

Octagon BIOS extensions........................................................................................ 17

Boot sequence........................................................................................................... 17

Chapter 2: Quick start.................................................................................................. 18

Hardware installation ................................................................................................ 18

Installing the 2050 CPU control card........................................................................22

Installation............................................................................................................... 22

Hardware mounting ................................................................................................ 23

Multipurpose connector........................................................................................... 24

Connecting a serial console ..................................................................................... 25

2050 power supply requirements............................................................................... 25

Installing a different operating system ..................................................................... 26

Establishing communications with the 2050 ............................................................ 27

Transferring files between the 2050 and your PC .................................................... 29

Downloading files to the 2050 using TRANSFER.EXE......................................... 30

Chapter 3: Setup programs.......................................................................................... 32

SETUP......................................................................................................................... 32

Main menu ............................................................................................................... 33

Hard drive submenus ........................................................................................... 34

Advanced menu........................................................................................................ 35

I/O Device Configuration submenu...................................................................... 36

PCI Configuration submenu ................................................................................ 38

PCI/PNP ISA UMB Region Exclusion submenu ................................................. 38

PCI/PNP ISA IRQ Resource Exclusion submenu ............................................... 39

PCI/PNP ISA DMA Resource Exclusion submenu ............................................. 39

Power menu ............................................................................................................. 40

Boot menu ................................................................................................................ 41

Boot Order submenu............................................................................................. 41

Exit menu................................................................................................................. 42

Chapter 4: Save and run programs .............................................................................43

Save and run your programs on the 2050 ................................................................. 43

Adding your application .......................................................................................... 43

Overriding the autoexecution of your application .................................................44

Overview: Section 2 – Hardware ................................................................................. 45

Chapter 5: Serial ports ................................................................................................. 46

Description .................................................................................................................. 46

Mating receptacle............................................................................................... 46

Serial port configurations........................................................................................... 47

Function and use of serial ports................................................................................. 49

COM1 as serial console device ................................................................................49

Mating receptacle............................................................................................... 49

COM Ports as RS–232 I/O....................................................................................... 50

RS-422 ......................................................................................................................50

RS-485 ......................................................................................................................51

Chapter 6: LPT1 parallel port, LCD and Keypad....................................................... 53

LPT1 parallel port ......................................................................................................53

Printer .........................................................................................................................54

Installing a printer .................................................................................................. 54

Display ........................................................................................................................ 54

Installing a display .................................................................................................. 55

Keypad......................................................................................................................... 55

Installing a keypad .................................................................................................. 55

Chapter 7: Console devices .......................................................................................... 57

Description .................................................................................................................. 57

Selecting console devices ............................................................................................ 57

Serial console ........................................................................................................... 57

Keyboard / Mouse .................................................................................................... 58

Chapter 8: SSD1, Z-tag interface, CompactFlash, SDRAM, and battery backup..... 59

Description .................................................................................................................. 59

SSD1............................................................................................................................59

Z-tag interface............................................................................................................. 59

CompactFlash ............................................................................................................. 59

Creating a Bootable CompactFlash ........................................................................60

SDRAM........................................................................................................................ 61

Battery backup for real time calendar clock ............................................................. 61

Installing an AT battery.......................................................................................... 61

Chapter 9: External drives...........................................................................................62

Description .................................................................................................................. 62

Floppy disk controller................................................................................................. 62

Power requirements ................................................................................................ 62

Installing a floppy disk drive ..................................................................................62

Hard disk controller ...................................................................................................63

Chapter 10: Ethernet ................................................................................................... 64

Description .................................................................................................................. 64

Chapter 11: PC/104 expansion..................................................................................... 65

Description .................................................................................................................. 65

Overview: Section 3 – System management ............................................................... 66

Chapter 12: Watchdog timer and hardware reset ......................................................67

Description .................................................................................................................. 67

Watchdog function definitions using enhanced INT 17h handler ...........................67

Enable watchdog...................................................................................................... 67

Strobe watchdog....................................................................................................... 68

Disable watchdog..................................................................................................... 68

Hardware reset ........................................................................................................... 69

Chapter 13: Serial EEPROM ....................................................................................... 70

Description .................................................................................................................. 70

Enhanced INT 17h function definitions .................................................................... 70

Serial EEPROM.......................................................................................................... 71

Read a single word from the serial EEPROM........................................................ 71

Write a single word to the serial EEPROM ........................................................... 71

Read multiple words from the serial EEPROM..................................................... 72

Write multiple words to the serial EEPROM.........................................................73

Return serial EEPROM size ...................................................................................73

Chapter 14: Temperature sensor and user jumpers................................................... 75

Description .................................................................................................................. 75

Temperature sensor INT17h function definitions .................................................... 75

Write TEMP SENSOR register pointer..................................................................75

Read TEMP SENSOR current register .................................................................. 76

Write TEMP SENSOR current register ................................................................. 77

Read TEMP SENSOR Int Status bit ...................................................................... 77

User jumpers............................................................................................................... 78

Read user jumper..................................................................................................... 78

Chapter 15: Troubleshooting ....................................................................................... 79

No screen activity–checking console serial communications ................................ 79

Garbled console screen activity............................................................................... 79

System generates a BIOS message but locks up when booting from SSD1 ......... 80

System will not boot from CompactFlash............................................................... 80

System locks up on power-up; may or may not respond to reset switch ..............80

System locks up after power-down/power-up......................................................... 80

LED signaling of “beep” codes................................................................................. 81

Description ............................................................................................................81

Technical assistance ................................................................................................ 85

Overview: Section 4 – Appendices ............................................................................... 86

Appendix A: 2050 technical data ................................................................................. 87

Technical specifications.............................................................................................. 87

CPU .......................................................................................................................87

SYSCLK ................................................................................................................87

BIOS ......................................................................................................................87

SDRAM.................................................................................................................. 87

Solid–state disk 1.................................................................................................. 87

Floppy drive .......................................................................................................... 87

Hard drive ............................................................................................................. 87

DOS ....................................................................................................................... 87

Other operating system ........................................................................................ 87

Serial I/O ............................................................................................................... 87

Parallel port .......................................................................................................... 88

Watchdog timer..................................................................................................... 88

Bus mastering ....................................................................................................... 88

Power requirements.............................................................................................. 88

Environmental specifications............................................................................... 88

Size ........................................................................................................................88

Mating connectors................................................................................................. 88

Maps ............................................................................................................................89

Jumper settings .......................................................................................................... 91

Connector pinouts....................................................................................................... 93

Appendix B: Software utilities.....................................................................................97

Introduction ................................................................................................................97

Support commands .................................................................................................. 97

Support device drivers............................................................................................. 97

FXCHK.EXE ............................................................................................................... 98

FXDOS.SYS ................................................................................................................ 98

FXFMT.EXE ............................................................................................................... 99

FXINFO.EXE ............................................................................................................100

FXRECLM.EXE ........................................................................................................ 101

FXREMNT.EXE........................................................................................................ 101

GETBIOS.EXE.......................................................................................................... 102

GETIMG.EXE ........................................................................................................... 102

GETIMGH.EXE ........................................................................................................ 103

HIMEM.SYS ............................................................................................................. 104

I17HNDLR.EXE ....................................................................................................... 106

LPT1CON.COM ........................................................................................................ 106

PGMBIOS.EXE......................................................................................................... 107

PGMIMG.EXE .......................................................................................................... 107

PGMIMGH.EXE ....................................................................................................... 109

RESET.COM............................................................................................................. 110

SETSSD.EXE............................................................................................................ 110

TESTOEM.EXE ........................................................................................................ 112

Appendix C: Accessories............................................................................................. 113

Warranty...................................................................................................................... 114

List of Figures

Figure 2–1 2050 component diagram – top ............................................................. 19

Figure 2–2 2050 component diagram - bottom........................................................ 20

Figure 2–3 2050 center-to-center hole dimensions (inches).................................... 21

Figure 2–4 Power connector, J6 diagram ................................................................ 23

Figure 2–5 Multipurpose connector, J3 diagram .................................................... 24

Figure 2–6 MPC-18 cable ......................................................................................... 24

Figure 2–7 Serial console connections ..................................................................... 25

Figure 2–8 Downloading files using TRANSFER ................................................... 30

Figure 5–1 Multipurpose connector, J3 ................................................................... 46

Figure 5–2 Null modem adapter and the MPC-18 cable ........................................ 49

Figure 5–3 2050 RS-232 serial devices .................................................................... 50

Figure 5–4 Typical RS-422 four-wire interface circuit............................................ 50

Figure 5–5 Typical RS-485 half duplex interface circuit ........................................ 51

Figure 5–6 Typical RS-485 full duplex interface circuit ......................................... 52

Figure 6–1 Multipurpose connector, J3 ................................................................... 53

Figure 6–2 LPT1 as a printer port ........................................................................... 54

Figure 6–3 LPT1 as a display or keypad port.......................................................... 55

Figure 7–1 The 2050 and a serial console................................................................ 58

Figure 8–1 The J3 pinout ......................................................................................... 61

Figure 13–1 Typical PC/104 module stack ................................................................ 65

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