DV Development Group DV4mini D-STAR Manuel utilisateur
DV4mini
DV4mini:DStar/DMR/C4FM/P25HotspotUSBStick
UserGuide
Version 1.2016
DV Development GroupVersion 1.61 Author German Version: DH5RAE (English translation:
N1DL, Update: DG1SW and AG0X)
1
Table of Content:
Capabilities: 3
DigitalModes: 3
DStar: 4
DMR: 4
C4FMFusion: 5
P25: 5
Systemrequirements: 5
Reflectors: 6
DCS(DigitalCallServer): 6
FCS: 7
PCS: 7
Xreflectors: 7
XReflectorIPAdresse: 7
DPlusreflectors: 7
DMRreflectors: 8
Netorganization(CCS7): 8
Operatingmodes: 8
Hardware: 9
TechnicalData: 9
Antenna: 10
Softwareinstallation: 11
Windows: 11
Driverinstallation: 11
LinuxPC: 11
LinuxARM: 12
ControlPanelDVControl: 12
Bootloader/Firmwareupdate: 15
Screenexpertsettings 17
DV4minilistandautoconnect: 17
Acceptonlyowncallsign: 17
Language: 18
Selectnextlocation: 18
2
GatewayforC4FMRepeater,Call: 18
HamnetIP 18
Onlyowncall: 18
FrequencyCorrection: 18
TXbuffersize: 19
RemoteControl: 19
Operatingwithoutauserinterface: 20
Copyright: 20
ImportantLinks: 20
Operatingconditions: 20
3
Capabilities:
The DV4mini is a very small but also very capable USB Stick that can turn any
PC into a Hotspot for the digital modes D-STAR, DMR, C4FM and APCO P25.
It consists of a powerful 32 bit micro controller, a complete 70 cm/2 m
transceiver and a modulator/demodulator for GMSK and 4FSK and a USB
interface.
The DV4mini does not require an external power supply. It is powered
through the USB interface. Even older USB interfaces are sufficient. The
DV4mini is supplied together with a simple to use and comprehensive
software package. This allows linking with DCS, XRF and REF reflectors for
D-STAR as well as DMR, P25 and Fusion reflectors.
Many hams have a DV (digital voice) capable transceiver but cannot reach the
closest DV repeater. With the DV4mini it has become possible to create a
hotspot with minimal resources and thus get access to a DV network. It is
also possible to link C4FM repeaters with the reflector network.
The new DV4mini AMBE allows to talk to D-Star Reflectors or DMR Talkgroups
without a radio, just using a headset with microphone and speaker
connected to the PC. Fusion works with an external radio, the AMBE based
direct connection will be updated via software update later.
The UHF DV4mini can be set to any frequency between 420 MHz and 450
MHz. The VHF versions work on any frequency between 144 MHz and 148
MHz. However they also cover the 70cm band at a lower output power, so
they are dual band capable, but the output power on 70cm is lower than in
the UHF version.
4
DigitalModes:
The DV4mini can handle five digital modes:
DStar:
D-Star was developed in Japan 1999/2000 especially for ham radio and it
became the leading system worldwide due to its clear and relative simple
user interface. Voice is being transformed by the AMBE Vocoder into a
compressed digital data stream of 3600 bits/s.
In addition there is a data channel with 1200 bits/s for a total data rate of
4800 bits/s. This data signal modulates a carrier, so that a logical 0 is one
frequency and a logical 1 a second frequency. This is called 2FSK (two
frequency shift keying) or GMSK (which is the same, however the signal is
modulated using a bell curve). This signal can be used to modulate most FM
transceivers (via the packet radio socket).
This is the reason why there are many home made D-Star solutions.
Three reflector systems are used for communication. DCS (most common),
D-Plus, REF reflectors (mostly in English speaking countries), and the
x-Reflector system which plays a minor role. DV4mini enables
communication on all these systems.
DMR:
DMR was originally designed by ETSI for commercial applications. This is
evident in the user interface where numbers are used in lieu of call signs.
DMR modulates with 4FSK, indicating that it uses 4 frequencies (compared to
D-Star with 2 frequencies). This allows to double the data rate to 9600 bit/s.
The higher rate allows the transmission of 2 channels at the same time (2
time slots). The DV4mini always works in simplex mode in DMR.
If you use time slot one (TS1) you have to set your radio to color code 1 (CC1)
and the talkgroup you want to use, i.e TG311 or TG262 etc. Be aware that you
have to enter the talkgroup number into the receive group list of your radio
too, or your squelch will not open. This is a common error made by first time
users and it is very frustrating.
5
When you use TS2, you always transmit and receive on TG9 (local) This is
then routed by the DV4mini and the DMR Plus system into the selected
rooms.
So on TS2 you use CC1, TG9. Again, you need to program your radio
accordingly, and again do not forget to put TG9 into you receive group list!
There are multiple DMR networks available:
The DMR Plus network is developed and operated by the DV4 team, the
Brandmeister network by a team of Russian developers and the DMR-MARC
network by the Motorola Amateur Radio Club.
The DMR Plus network reflectors and the Brandmeister reflectors can be
selected in the expert settings.
DMR reflectors have numbers in the range of 4000 to 5000. Each region has
its own reflector, which can be selected in the DV4mini menu.
The DMR-MARC network can be selected by using the IPSC2 version of the
control center. Select the appropriate IPSC2 server as your DMR server and
you can connect to the Motorola TG on TS1 and to the DMR Plus TG on
timeslot 2.
C4FMFusion:
C4FM-FUsion is a system developed by YAESU. It is based like DMR on 4FSK,
and also transmits 4 frequencies with a total data rate of 9600 bits/s. It uses
the same AMBE+ Codec as DMR, but needs only 3600 bits/s. The extra bits
are used in D4FM-Fusion in a different way. They can be used for data
transfer (e.g. GPS) but also for additional error correction to make the speech
more stable during interference. There is also a mode for high speech quality
which uses all bits for speech only.
C4FM -Fusion reflectors are named FCS001 (Europe), FCS002 (USA), FCS003
(Canada)etc. All DV4minis connected to a reflector can hear each other. It is
very easy to connect a C4FM/Fusion repeater to the FCS reflector system.
Just put a computer with a DV4mini next to the repeater and enter the
reverse RX/TX frequencies. We have seen remote feed operations of up to 2
miles line of sight.
6
P25:
P25 is a digital system that is mostly used by public and private emergency
services world wide.
Currently the DV4minis have 2 reflector systems available:
●PCS001 for Europe, located in Switzerland
●PCS002 for the Americas, located in Florida
dPMR:
dPMR is a DMR system from China which uses a several chinese Codecs
instead of the DVSI AMBE codecs commonly used by other digital systems.
These radios are cheaper as they do not need to pay license fees for the
Codecs. Practically you have to use radios from the same manufacturer on
both ends of the communication, as they are not much standardized. This is
why we call the mode experimental.
Systemrequirements:
The following components are necessary:
1. DV4mini USB stick
2. PC Software: DV4mini Control Panel
3. A digital radio (D-Star, DMR, C4FM, P25). If you use the DV4voice (AMBE)
you can just use a PC headset instead.
4. A PC with Windows 7, 8.1, 10; Linux on a PC or an ARM computer like a
Raspberry, BananaPi or Odroid.
5. Internet access
The DV4mini is connected through the USB interface with a PC or a single
board computer. The DV4mini control panel software has to be installed.
You can download it in the download section of our web site at
www.wirelesshold.com
Then start the control panel software and enter the settings you want to use.
If you get a message about a missing DLL download the microsoft VC
redistributable from our website (download section as well) and install this as
well.
7
Make sure to have entered your CCS7 ID. The DV4mini will not be found
without it.
If you do not have a CCS7 number go to http://dmr-marc.net/andclickon
RegisterID.Itcantakeupto72hoursuntilyougetyournumberbyemail.
After starting and setting up the software one now has a Hotspot for the 70
cm/2 m band and it can be used with any digital radios in the supported
modes. You need a D-Star radio to operate in D-Star or you need a DMR radio
to operate in DMR etc. (unless you have the DV4voice (AMBE)
The picture shows a DV4mini connected to a Raspberry PI 2 Mod. B:
The dongle on the top is a WiFi stick to connect to the internet. Below you can
see the DV4mini. The board also has connectors for a keyboard, a mouse and
a HDMI display. This configuration allows for a low power operation.
Reflectors:
A reflector is a server connected to the Internet or HamNET and is linked to a
number of digital Ham Radio repeaters. If one of these repeaters is active it
will send the voice data stream to the reflector. The reflector sends a copy of
these voice data to all connected repeaters. This means that a QSO can be
heard on all those repeaters simultaneously.
8
This increases the chance to find a QSO partner - which is one of the reasons
why reflectors are quite popular.
The following systems are operational:
DCS(DigitalCallServer):
DCS is the most modern D-STAR reflector system and used worldwide. Many
countries use their own reflectors which differ from each other by their 3
digit number. (DCS001, DCS002 etc).
Each DCS reflector has 26 rooms which are allocated to various regions of a
country or continent. These rooms (A to Z) have been given names to make
their identification easier and are shown in the control panel of the DV4mini.
FCS:
FCS reflectors are similar to DCS reflectors but planned for the Yaesu C4FM
system. FCS001and FCS002 have 100 rooms each (numbered 0-99).
PCS:
PCS reflectors are also similar to DCS reflectors but used by the P25 system.
Both PCS001 and PCS002 have rooms 0-99.
Xreflectors:
Xreflectors are the second generation of D-STAR reflectors and no longer
used as much. However, in some countries like Italy they are still being used
as the hams have not yet agreed on a common concept.
Xreflectors have less ports over which simultaneous QSOs can be run.
Xreflectors are named XRF001, XRF002 etc.
XReflectorIPAddress:
Unfortunately XReflectors are not centrally organized thus it is not possible to
come up with a reliable list of all Xreflectors. The file xref.ip contains the
Xreflector name and the matching IP address or URL. This list can be
modified or updated by the user. The file is located in the same directory as
DV4mini.exe
9
DPlusreflectors:
They were the first generation D-STAR reflector system. Although it is getting
old it is still used intensively in a number of countries (mostly english
speaking ones like USA, UK and Canada but even in Germany there are a few
operational). D-Plus reflectors are named REF001, REF002 etc. Simultaneous
QSOs are possible.
DMRreflectors:
DMR reflectors consist of several regional servers that are connected with
each other via a superordinate network. Several nets exist, see earlier in this
text . In the meantime there are also some cross connections existing that
allow communication beyond one’s net limits.
Netorganization(CCS7):
The big number of reflectors, repeaters and also Dongle users (the DV4mini
is a Dongle too) require a structured organization to make the network
technology work properly.
D-Star works with call signs to identify a station. DMR however uses
numbers. That is why it is necessary that an amateur radio station gets a
number assigned in addition to its call sign and that this
call sign/number combination is known to the network.
Every ham can go to the website xreflector.net or dmr-marc.net and request
a 7 digit number to be assigned. This number is then entered into the specific
field on the DV4mini software. The call sign is pulled and a report is sent to
the network to establish worldwide contacts in D-Star or DMR and the use of
D-Star/DMR bridges.
10
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