Casio CFX-9970G Manuel utilisateur

Graphing

Acollection of versatile graphing tools plus a large 127 ×63-dot

display makes it easy to draw a variety of function graphs quickly

and easily. This calculator is capable of drawing the following

types of graphs.

• Rectangular coordinate (Y =) graphs

• Polar coordinate (r=) graphs

• Parametric graphs

• X = constant graphs

• Inequality graphs

• Integration graphs (in the RUN mode only)

Aselection of graph commands also makes it possible to incor-

porate graphing into programs.

8-1 Before Trying to Draw a Graph

8-2 View Window (V-Window) Settings

8-3 Graph Function Operations

8-4 Graph Memory

8-5 Drawing Graphs Manually

8-6 Other Graphing Functions

8-7 Picture Memory

8-8 Graph Background

Chapter

112

8-1 Before Trying to Draw a Graph

kEntering the Graph Mode

On the Main Menu, select the GRAPH icon and enter the GRAPH Mode. When

you do, the Graph Function menu appears on the display. You can use this menu

to store, edit, and recall functions and to draw their graphs.

• {SEL} ... {draw/non-draw status}

• {DEL} ... {function delete}

• {TYPE} ... {graph type menu}

• {COLR} ... {graph color}

• {GMEM} ... {graph memory save/recall}

• {DRAW} ... {graph draw}

Memory area

Use

and

to change selection.

113

8-2 View Window (V-Window) Settings

Use the View Window to specify the range of the x-and y-axes, and to set the

spacing between the increments on each axis. You should always set the View

Window parameters you want to use before drawing a graph.

1. Press !3(V·Window) to display

the View Window.

X min ............ Minimum x-axis value

X max ........... Maximum x-axis value

X scale ......... Spacing of x-axis increments

Y min ............ Minimum y-axis value

Y max ........... Maximum y-axis value

Y scale ......... Spacing of y-axis increments

• {INIT}/{TRIG}/{STD} ... View Window {initial settings}/{initial settings using

specified angle unit}/{standardized settings}

• {STO}/{RCL} ... View Window setting {store}/{recall}

The nearby illustration shows the meaning

of each of these parameters.

2. Input a value for a parameter and press w. The calculator automatically

selects the next parameter for input.

• You can also select a parameter using the cand fkeys.

• There are actually nine View Window parameters. The remaining three

parameters appear on the display when you move the highlighting down past

the Y scale parameter by inputting values and pressing c.

min.......... T,

minimum values

max......... T,

maximum values

pitch ........ T,

pitch

P.115

P.116

X min X scale

Y min

Y max

X max

Y scale

(x, y)

114

The nearby illustration shows the meaning

of each of these parameters.

3. To exit the View Window, press Jor !Q.

• Pressing wwithout inputting any value also exits the View Window.

• The following is the input range for View Window parameters.

–9.9999E+97 to 9.99999E+97

• You can input parameter values up to 14 digits long. Values greater than 107

or less than 10-2, are automatically converted to a 7-digit mantissa (including

negative sign) plus a 2-digit exponent.

• The only keys that enabled while the View Window is on the display are: a

to j, ., E, -, f, c, d, e, +, -, *, /, (, ), !7,

J, !Q. You can use -or -to input negative values.

• The existing value remains unchanged if you input a value outside the

allowable range or in the case of illegal input (negative sign only without a

value).

• Inputting a View Window range so the min value is greater than the max

value, causes the axis to be inverted.

• You can input expressions (such as 2π) as View Window parameters.

• When the View Window setting does not allow display of the axes, the scale

for the y-axis is indicated on either the left or right edge of the display, while

that for the x-axis is indicated on either the top or bottom edge.

• When View Window values are changed, the graph display is cleared and the

newly set axes only are displayed.

• View Window settings may cause irregular scale spacing.

• Setting maximum and minimum values that create too wide of a View

Window range can result in a graph made up of disconnected lines (because

portions of the graph run off the screen), or in graphs that are inaccurate.

• The point of deflection sometimes exceeds the capabilities of the display with

graphs that change drastically as they approach the point of deflection.

• Setting maximum and minimum values that create to narrow of a View

Window range can result in an error.

8 - 2 View Window (V-Window) Settings

)

(

X, Y

)

min

max

pitch

115

kInitializing and Standardizing the View Window

uTo initialize the View Window

You can use either of the following two methods to initialize the View Window.

Normal initialization

Press !3 (V-Window) 1(INIT) to initialize the View Window to the following

settings.

Xmin = –6.3 Ymin = –3.1

Xmax = 6.3 Ymax = 3.1

Xscale = 1 Yscale = 1

Trigonometric initialization

Press !3(V-Window) 2(TRIG) to initialize the View Window to the

following settings.

Deg Mode

Xmin = –540 Ymin = –1.6

Xmax = 540 Ymax = 1.6

Xscale = 90 Yscale = 0.5

Rad Mode

Xmin = –9.4247779

Xmax = 9.42477796

Xscale = 1.57079632

Gra Mode

Xmin = –600

Xmax = 600

Xscale = 100

• The settings for Y min,Y max, Y pitch, T/

min, T/

max, and T/

pitch remain

unchanged when you press 2(TRIG).

uTo standardize the View Window

Press !3 (V-Window) 3(STD) to standardize the View Window to the

following settings.

Xmin = –10 Ymin = –10

Xmax = 10 Ymax = 10

Xscale = 1 Yscale = 1

View Window (V-Window) Settings 8 - 2

116

8 - 2 View Window (V-Window) Settings

kView Window Memory

You can store up to six sets of View Window settings in View Window memory for

recall when you need them.

uTo store View Window settings

Inputting View Window values and then pressing 4(STO) 1(V·W1) stores the

View Window contents in View Window memory V·W1.

• There are six View Window memories numbered V·W1 to V·W6.

• Storing View Window settings in a memory area that already contains settings

replaces the existing settings with the new ones.

uTo recall View Window settings

Pressing 5(RCL) 1(V·W1) recalls the contents of View Window memory

V·W1.

• Recalling View Window settings causes the settings currently on the display to

be deleted.

• You can change View Window settings in a program using the following

syntax.

View Window [X min value], [X max value], [X scale value],

[Y min value], [Y max value], [Y scale value],

[T,

min value], [T,

max value], [T,

pitch value]

117

8-3 Graph Function Operations

You can store up to 20 functions in memory. Functions in memory can be edited,

recalled, and graphed.

kSpecifying the Graph Type

Before you can store a graph function in memory, you must first specify its graph

type.

1. While the Graph Function Menu is on the display, press 3(TYPE) to display

the graph type menu, which contains the following items.

•{Y=}/{r=}/{Parm}/{X=c} ... {rectangular coordinate}/{polar coordinate}/

{parametric}/{X=constant} graph

•{Y>}/{Y<}/{Ytt

t}/{Yss

s} ... {Y>f(x)}/{Y<f(x)}/{Y>f(x)}/{Y<f(x)} inequality graph

2. Press the function key that corresponds to the graph type you want to specify.

kStoring Graph Functions

uTo store a rectangular coordinate function (Y =)

Example To store the following expression in memory area Y1 :

y= 2 x2– 5

3(TYPE)1(Y =) (Specifies rectangular coordinate expression.)

cvx-f(Inputs expression.)

w(Stores expression.)

• You will not be able to store the expression in an area that already contains a

parametric function. Select another area to store your expression or delete the

existing parametric function first. This also applies when storing r= expres-

sions, X = constant expressions, and ineqalities.

uTo store a polar coordinate function (r=)

Example To store the following expression in memory area r2 :

r= 5 sin 3

3(TYPE)2(r=) (Specifies polar coordinate expression.)

fsdv(Inputs expression.)

w(Stores expression.)

118

uTo store a parametric function

Example To store the following functions in memory areas Xt3 and Yt3 :

x= 3 sin T

y= 3 cos T

3(TYPE)3(Parm) (Specifies parametric expression.)

dsvw(Inputs and stores xexpression.)

dcvw(Inputs and stores yexpression.)

• You will not be able to store the expression in an area that already contains a

rectangular coordinate expression, polar coordinate expression, X = constant

expression or inequality. Select another area to store your expression or delete

the existing expression first.

uTo store an X = constant expression

Example To store the following expression in memory area X4 :

X = 3

3(TYPE)4(X = c) (Specifies X = constant expression.)

d(Inputs expression.)

w(Stores expression.)

• Inputting X, Y, T, r, or

for the constant in the above procedures causes an

error.

uTo store an inequality

Example To store the following inequality in memory area Y5 :

y> x2– 2x– 6

3(TYPE)6(g)1(Y>) (Specifies an inequality.)

vx-cv-g(Inputs expression.)

w(Stores expression.)

8 - 3 Graph Function Operations

119

kEditing Functions in Memory

uTo edit a function in memory

Example To change the expression in memory area Y1 from y= 2x2– 5

to y= 2x2– 3

e(Displays cursor.)

eeeed(Changes contents.)

w(Stores new graph function.)

uTo delete a function

1. While the Graph Function Menu is on the display, press for cto display

the cursor and move the highlighting to the area that contains the function you

want to delete.

2. Press 2(DEL).

3. Press 1(YES) to delete the function for 6(NO) to abort the procedure

without deleting anything.

Parametric functions come in pairs (Xt and Yt).

When editing a parametric function, clear the graph functions and re-input from

the beginning.

kDrawing a Graph

uTo specify the graph color

The default color for graph drawing is blue, but you can change the color to

orange or green if you want.

1. While the Graph Function Menu is on the display, press for cto display

the cursor and move the highlighting to the area that contains the function

whose graph color you want to change.

2. Press 4(COLR) to display a color menu, which contains the following items.

• {Blue}/{Orng}/{Grn} ... {blue}/{orange}/{green}

3. Press the function key for the color you want to use.

Graph Function Operations 8 - 3

120

uTo specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph

Example To select the following functions for drawing :

Y1 = 2x2– 5 r2 = 5 sin3

Use the following View Window parameters.

Xmin = –5 Ymin = –5

Xmax = 5 Ymax = 5

Xscale = 1 Yscale = 1

(Select a memory area that contains a

function for which you want to specify

non-draw.)

1(SEL)

(Specify non-draw.)

cc1(SEL)

c1(SEL)

6(DRAW) or w

(Draws graphs.)

• Pressing !6(G↔T) or Areturns to the Graph Function Menu.

123456

8 - 3 Graph Function Operations

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