BRUEL & KJAER 2107 Guide de l'utilisateur

Frequency

Analyzer

Type 2107

•

•.

•

·.!:_,

~·-

,. .

~·

•

Audio

Frequency

Analyzer

the

constant

percentage

bandwidth

type.

has

been

designed

especially

as a

Narrow

Band

Sound

and

Vibration

Analyzer,

but

may

used

for

any

kind

voltage

and

sound

level

measurements,

frequency

analysis,

distortion

measurements

within

the

range

20ooo

c/s.

The

instrument

can

automatically

tuned

from

external

motor

and

combined

with

the

B & K

Level

Recorder

for

automatic

recording

spectro-

grams.

Built-in

true

RMS,

arithmetic

average,

and

peak

rectifiers.

BRUEL&KJJER

Ncerum,

Denmark

eye

•

.;:;;:"

BRUKJA,

Copenhagen

• Telex:

5316

2107

;

Frequency Analyzer

Type 2107

AUGUST

1962

Contents

page

Description . .

........................................

. 3

General

.......................................................

. 3

Technical

Description

........................

...............

. 4

Input

Amplifier

...............................................

. 4

Ovedoad

Indicator

.............................................

. 4

Weighting

Networks

.........

.......

......

....................

. 4

Selective

Amplifier

Section

.....................................

. 6

Output

Amplifier

.....

..........

. .

....

.......................

. 9

Pow

Supp

.......

........

..................................

. 9

Reference

Voltage

............

.......

.. ..

..........

Overload

and

Clipping

......

..................................

Mechanical

Parts

...

. .

.... ....

...

................

...

....

Identification

Control Knobs, Terminals etc.

...........

. 12

Operation

............................................

. 16

Sensitivity

Adjustments

........

...

. .

......

..............

. .

Voltage

Measurements

......

.....

.......

.................

Frequency

Analysis

.............................................

Distortion

Measurements

...

.............

.....

......

Sound

Level

Measurements

..........................

....

...

. . .

Automatic

Reco

rding

VoHage

Analysis

........

. . .

....

Rang

Potentiometer

Correction

...........

.........

...

. .

.......

Hecor

.din.g

Evaluation

..................

.......

...........

...

Automatic

Recordh1g

Sound

Spectra

...........................

Evaluation

Sound

Spectrogram

....

...

.....

. . .

....

......

Use

Ref

ere

Sound

Sources

for

Calibration

.................

Applications

.........................................

Distortion

Measurements

.......................................

. 29

·~

The

Frequency

Analyzer

Type

2107

Used

Bdd.ge

Indicator

Aut

omatic

Narrow

Band

Frequency

Analysis

.........

...

. .

....

. .

Noise

Measurements

and

Hecordin.g .

..........

....

...........

Vibration

Measurements

.....

........

...

. .

...

.. ..

. . .

·. . .

.......

Measurement

Heverberation

Time

.............................

Sound

Insul

ation

Measurements

.................................

Absorption

Measurements

Sound

Insulating

MateriU'ls

.........

Appe·

ndix

............................................

. 42

Specificatlo·

. .

.......................

...............

. 45

Description

G-ener

'al.

Type

2107 is

operated

audio

frequency

analyzer

the

constant

percentage

bandwidth

type.

has

been

designed

especially

narrow

band

sound

and

vibration

analyzer,

but

may

used

for

any

kind

frequency

analysis

and

distortion

measurement

within

the

specified

frequency

range.

built-in

mechanical

device

enables

automatic

tuning

from

externaJ

"Meter

Range"

"Range

Multiplier"

¥&0f93

Fig. 1.1.

Block

diagram

the

Frequency

Analyzer.

motor,

e.g.

the

motor

one

the

B & K

Level

Recorders.

When

used

to-

gether

with

Level

Recorder

Type

2305

frequency

amplitude

diagrams

can

recorded

automatically

preprinted

frequency

calibrated

recording

paper.

The

analyzer

can

also

used

linear

amplifier

and

vacuum-tube

volt-

meter.

addition

supplied

with

the

weighting

networks

for

sound

level

measurements

"A",

"B"

and

"C"

the

characteristics

which

are

suggested

E.J.C. (

Helsinki

1961)

and

7-poled

input

socket

for

connection

B & K

Condenser

Microphone

Preamplifier

required.

The

instrument

is SUJ?plied

with

output

switch,

means

which

the

rectifier

and

meter

circuit

can

switched

measure

either

the

peak,

the

arithmetic

average

the

true

R.M.S.

value

the

input

signal.

enable

•

easy

and

accurate

meter

reading

for

both

high

and

low

frequency

signals

two

different,

standardized

meter

damping

characteristics

can

selected.

means

also

provided

for

connection

external

filters,

for

example

the

Band

Pass

Filter

Set

Type

1612

between

the

amplifier

stages.

Technical

Description.

The

Frequency

Analyzer

Type

2107

consists

input

amplifier,

number

weighting

networks,

selective

amplifier

section,

and

output

amplifier,

see

also

block

diagram

Fig.

1.1.

Input

Amplifier.

The

input

impedance

measured

the

"Amplifier

Input"

bushing

2.22

M.Q

which

the

total

resistance

the

"Meter

Range"

attenuator.

This

attenuator

consists

six

selected

resistors

and

four

capacitors

for

frequency

response

compensation

and

directly

coupled

the

grid

the

first

tube

the

input

amplifier.

The

amplifier

consists

two

low-noise,

low-microphonic

twin

triodes.

The

two

halves

the

first

tube

constitute

two-stage

RC-coupled

amplifier,

and

the

two

halves

the

second

tube

are

paralleled

cathode-follower

coupling.

This

paralleling,

together

with

the

great

amount

negative

feed-

back

ensure

output

impedance

the

"Ext.

Filter

Input"

bushing

less

than

The

gain

the

amplifier

measured

from

the

grid

the

first

tube

(at

the

"Amplifier

Input"

bushing

with

"Meter

Range"

position

"10 mV")

the

cathodes

the

second

tube

(at

the

"Ext.

Filter

Input"

bushing)

is 40

± 2

db.

The

cathodes

the

second

tube

are

directly

connected

the

"Ext.

Filter

Input",

and

ensure

less

than

o.1 %

distortion

the

output

voltage

this

should

not

exceed

1 V

r.m.s.

sine-wave

load

500

.Q,

10 V

r.m.s.

sine-wave

5ooo

Note:

Since

coupling

capacitor

present,

a DC

voltage

60-100

volt

can

measured

across

the

"Ext.

Filter

Input

terminall.

The

max.

load

must

not

exceed

1 rnA.

Overload

Indicator:

The

output

the

input

amplifier

paralleled

overload

indicator.

The

indicator

designed

that

gives

visual

indica-

tion

when

signal

peak

voltages

exceed

4.5 V

the

output

the

input

amplifier.

The

signal

monitored

amplified

triode

connected

pentode

and

fed

gas

tube,

indicating

overload

red

light.

Refer

also

item

"Overload

and

Clipping"

page

10.

Weighting

Networks.

The

weighting

network

assembly

placed

"drawer"

the

center

chassis

the

apparatus.

network

with

five

different

outputs

corresponding

five

different

frequency

characteristics:

40ooo

c/s,

Linear

"20-

40ooo

s",

Curve

and

Curve

C as

shown

Fig. 1.2.

The

desired

operating

characteristic

can

chosen

means

the

swit

marked

Weighting

Network

Amplification

tab

-10

I I

l_l_l_IJI

Linear

000

C/5

and

Linear

2-40

000 C/5

,.........

~--~

. J I n..,to.l I I

linear

I--

Linear

20-40000

C/5

20-40

000

C/5

yloo-'8

I--'

'~~A

C+8

v v II

yf-1-

lr'

-20

-30

-50

-601

102

3 2

10'

1os

2 5

IO'C/s

Frequency-

/61980

Fig. 1.2.

Typical

overall

frequency

characteristics

Type

2107.

~---"

-"""

,....

1--"

50 v

0.05

0.1

0.2

l)li

~I\

1/IJI/

~\~\

1)11

~\~\

Vi/

1/1/

l\~\

,,,,

\~\

1\'

~"--r-.

20 db

VII

[\'

1'---t--

dtl

ViJ

1\'

"""1'---t--

30dtl

1\'

......

,....1"-

35db

1"'-t-

40db

~lm~m(

0.5

1 2 5

___.

mot,f

Fig. 1.3.

Typical

selectivity

curves

the

Analy

zer.

The

number

marked

the

curves

correspond

the

setting

the

"Frequency

Analysis

Octave

Selectivity"

knob.

Selective

Amplifier

Section.

The

selective

amplifier

section

switched

means

the

"Function

Selector"

switch,

see

also

the

block

diagram

Fig.

1.1.

When

the

switch

one

the

positions

"Freq.

Analysis"

"Auto"

the

instrument

operates

narrow

band

analyzer,

which

can

continuously

swept

through

its

entire

frequency

range

20-20ooo

c/s.

The

frequency

characteristic

the

band-pass

filter

can

adjusted

the

switch

marked

"Frequency

Analysis

Octave

Selectivity".

Typical

response

curves

are

shown

Fig.

1.3

where

the

center

frequency

the

filter

i.e.

the

frequency

which

the

Analyzer

tuned.

Around

the

"Frequency

Analysis

Octave

Selectivity"

knob

the

attenuation

frequency

one

octave

away

from

marked.

These

selectivity

values

correspond

the

following

relative

bandwidths

the

selection

filter:

Octave

Selectivity

in db

max.

approx.

3 db

Bandwidth

Percent

8.5

which

means

the

graph

shown

Fig.

1.4

can

transferred

into

parts

octave.

Bandwidth

Octaves

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

~-"""""

..,.,..,..,

0,1

("Max.")

....,.,.,.

25 20

"Octave

Selectivity

db"

't-6019/f

Fig. 1.4. Curve

showing

the

correlation

between

the

setting

the

knob

"Octave

Selectivity

db"

and

the

filter

bandwidth

expressed

parts

octaves.

From

the

block

diagram

Fig.

1.1

can

seen

that

the

selective

amplifier

section

actually

consists

two

series

connected

selective

amplifiers.

The

band-pass

characteristic

the

Analyzer

obtained

frequency

rejective

negative

feedback.

stabilize

the

amplifiers

certain

amount

linear

negative

feedback

also

introduced

Each

amplifier

contains

cascode

coupled

twin

triode

, a "

bridge

tube

and

cathode

follower

(

one

half

twin

triode).

The

input

signal

the

first

amplifier

fed

the

upper"

half

the

cascode

and

the

linear

negative

feedback

introduced

via

the

bridge"

tube

the

cathode

the

"lower"

part

the

cascode.

The

selective

feedback

circuit

shown

Fig

1.5.

consists

the

bridge

tube,

resistance-capacitance

network

the

Wien-Bridg

type

and

cathode

follower.

The

output

voltage

from

the

first

selective

amplifier

taken

from

the

plate

the

"bridge"

tube

and

fed

the

second

selective

amplifier

via

the

cathode

follower.

obtain

the

required

amount

feed-

Voutput

feedback

+~0195

Fig. 1.5. Basic

schematic

diagram

the

((

Wien-Bridge"

arrangement

used

the

selective

feedback

circuits

the

Frequency

Analyzer

Type

2107.

back,

the

feedback

voltage,

Vf e

edb

developed

the

Wien

Bridge

fed

the

grid

the

"lower"

part

the

cascode.

The

extensive

use

cathode

followers

the

selective

amplifiers

has

been

necessary

ensure

correct

impedance

matching

the

circuit.

the

cascade.

The

extensive

use

cathode

followers

the

selective

ampli-

fiers

has

been

necessary

ensure

correct

impedance

matching

the

circuit.

The

Wien

Bridge

consists

two

pure

resistors

and

2R)

and

two

arms

containing

series

network

and

parallel

network

respectively,

Although

the

supply

for

the

"bridge"

tube

inserted

between

the

pure

resistors,

the

bridge

acts

closed

bridge

with

regard

to AC,

because

the

200

p,F

capacitor

(Ce). At a

certain

frequency

the

feedbacl<

voltage,

feedback),

zero,

and

consequently

the

gain

the

selective

ampli-

fier

section

maximum.

other

frequencies

the

feedback

voltage

dback)

great.

this

way

the

desired

selective

frequency

characteristic

the

Analyzer

obtained.

The

second

selective

amplifier

identical

the

one

just

described.

now

the

Wien

Bridge

was

connected

series

with

the

amplifier

instead

the

feedback

loop

the

resulting

frequency

characteristic

the

Analyzer

would

exactly

inverted,

i.e.

would

reject

the

frequency

which

was

tuned.

This

is a

desirable

feature

when

for

instance

distortion

measure-

+10

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

...........

0.2

0.5

2 5

---.-~a

Fig. 1.6.

Typical

frequency

rejection

curve.

/6{093

ments

are

undertaken.

The

"Function

Selector

switch

includes

for

this

reason

position

marked

"Freq.

Rejection.

When

the

switch

the

"Freq.

Rejection

position

the

final

the

two

series

connected

selective

ampli-

fiers

coupled

linear

amplifier

with

a 30

gain.

The

first

selective

amplifier

switched

that

tlie

"Wien-Bridge"

connected

series

with

the

amplifier,

whereby

the

selective

circuit

acts

rejection

circuit,

(see

Fig. 1.1). A

small

amount

selective

negative

feedback

still

main-

tained,

which

necessary

ensure

that

the

rejection

curve

not

than

o.5

down

the

2nd

harmonic

the

tuned-in

frequency.

ensure

perfect

balance

the

"Wien-Bridge"

additional

potentiometer,

"Fre-

quency

Rejection

Balance",

introduced

one

the

bridge

arms.

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