Brookfield LV Manuel utilisateur

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 1 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

BROOKFIELD DIAL VISCOMETER

Operating Instructions

Manual No. M/85-150-N898

Model No. _____________________

Serial No. _____________________

BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.

11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346-1031 USA

SPECIALISTS IN THE

MEASUREMENT AND

CONTROLOF VISCOSITY

508-946-6200

508-946-6262 or 800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA)

NTERNET

www.brookfieldengineering.com

Please record the Model and Serial Number of your viscometer.

Having this information readily available will help us to assist you

should there be any questions regarding your instrument.

E-

-m

If you’ve ever wanted to upgrade from your

Brookfield analog/dial Viscometer to a new cal-

culating (no factor finder), easy-to-use digital Vis-

cometer...

NOW IS THE TIME!

This offer allows you to save $450! By using your ex-

isting laboratory stand and spindles, you can purc ase

our NEW Model DV-E Viscometer for just $1,345.00!

(Reg. Price: $1,795.00)

ACT NOW. T is special

offer is too good to pass up.

SPECIAL OFFER — Save $450

TEL 508-946-6200 or 800-628-8139 FAX 508-946-6262

www.brookfieldengineering.com

BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.

11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346-1031 USA

❏ DV-E @ $1,345.00 (Reg. Price: $1,795.00) (use your existing spindles and lab stand)

❏ BONUS: Receive a $100 rebate wit t e trade in of your Dial Viscometer.

(Name) (Company)

(Street Address) (City) (State) (Zip Code)

(P one) (Fax) (Serial No. of Trade-In)

Call, mail or fax this certificate

Offer expires

July 31, 2003

Trade in your Dial instrument

and save an additional

$100.00.

ISO 9001 CERTIFIED

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 2 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3

I.1 Components .................................................................................... 3

I.2 Utilities ........................................................................................... 4

I.3 Specifications ................................................................................. 4

I.4 Set-Up............................................................................................. 4

II. GETTING STARTED ................................................................................. 5

II.1 Operation ........................................................................................ 5

II.2 Viscometer Readings and Viscosity Calculations.......................... 5

II.3 Considerations for Making Measurements..................................... 8

APPENDIX A - Cone/Plate Viscometer Set-Up........................................ 9

APPENDIX B - Viscosity Ranges ........................................................... 18

APPENDIX C - Variables in Viscosity Measurements............................ 20

APPENDIX D - Calibration Procedures .................................................. 22

APPENDIX E - Models A & A-E Laboratory Stand

with Parts Identification ........................................... 29

APPENDIX F - Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting ........................... 31

APPENDIX G - Warranty Repair and Service ........................................ 33

DV-E SPECIAL OFFER

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 3 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

I. INTRODUCTION

TheBrookfieldDialViscometer measuresfluidviscosityatgivenshearrates. Viscosityisameasure

of a fluid’s resistance to flow. You will find a detailed description of the mathematics of viscosity

in the Brookfield publication “More Solutions to Sticky Problems” a copy of which was included

with your Dial Viscometer. The Dial Viscometer rotates a sensing element in a fluid and measures

the torque necessary to overcome the viscous resistance to the induced movement. This is

accomplishedbydrivingtheimmersedelement,whichiscalledaspindle,throughaberylliumcopper

spring. The degree to which the spring is wound, indicated by the red pointer, is proportional to the

viscosity of the fluid.

The Viscometer is able to measure over a number of ranges since, for a given spring deflection, the

actualviscosityisproportionaltothespindlespeedandis related to thespindle'ssizeandshape. For

amaterialofgiven viscosity, the resistance will be greaterasthespindle size and/or rotational speed

increase. Theminimumviscosityrange is obtained by using the largestspindleatthe highest speed;

the maximum range by using the smallest spindle at the slowest speed.

There are four basic spring torque series offered by Brookfield:

Model Spring Torque (Dyne-cm)

LV 673.7

RV 7,187.0

HA 14,374.0

HB 57,496.0

The higher the torque calibration, the higher the measurement range. The viscosity measurement

range for each torque calibration may be found in Appendix B.

All units of measurement are calculated in units of centipoise (cP) by using a look-up table

known as "the Brookfield Factor Finder" to convert torque reading. The equivalent units of

measurement in the SI system are calculated using the following conversions:

SI CGS

Viscosity: 1 mPa•s = 1 cP mPa•s = milli Pascal - second

Torque: 1 Newton-m = 107dyne-cm

I.1 Components

1) Dial Viscometer

2) Model A Laboratory Stand

3) Spindle Set with Case (4 spindles for LVF, LVT; 7 Spindles for RVF, RVT, HAT, and HBT).

For Cone/Plate versions: a spindle wrench, one cone spindle and a sample cup (Part No.

CP-44Y) replace the spindle set

4) Guard Leg (LVF, LVT, RVF, and RVT only)

5) Carrying Case

6) Operating Instruction Manual

7) Factor Finder

Please check to be sure that you have received all components, and that there is no damage. If you

are missing any parts, please notify Brookfield Engineering or your local Brookfield agent immedi-

ately. Any shipping damage must be reported to the carrier.

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 4 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

I.2 Utilities

Input Voltage: 115 VAC or 230 VAC

Input Frequency: 50 or 60 Hz

Power Consumption: Less than 20 WATTS

I.3 Specifications

Speeds: LVF: 60, 30, 12, 6

LVT: 60, 30, 12, 6, 3, 1.5, 0.6, 0.3

RVF: 20, 10, 4, 2

RVT: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5

HAT: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5

HBT: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5

Accuracy: ±1% of Full Scale Range in use

(See Appendix D for details)

Repeatability: ±0.2% of Full Scale Range in use

Weight: Gross Weight 20 lb 9 kg

Net Weight 17 lb 7.7 kg

Carton Volume 1.65 cu ft 0.05 m3

I.4 Set-Up

1) Assemble the laboratory stand. (Refer to Appendix E.)

2) Mountthe Viscometer securely ona Brookfield laboratory stand. Onsome Viscom-

eters,itmaybenecessarytounscrewthenutlocatedatthepointwherethepowercord

enterstheviscometer. Thispermitsthemetalhandletobeinsertedintothelaboratory

stand clamp.

Note: The position of the laboratory stand clamp assembly is important. Refer to

Appendix E for proper alignment and positioning of the clamp assembly.

Level the viscometer, referring to the bubble level on the instrument. If the

viscometer cannot be leveled, recheck the laboratory stand assembly, as shown on

Sheet #82-0330 (supplied with Model A laboratory stand).

3) Verify that the viscometer's power requirements match your power source before

connecting it to power.

4) For Cone/Plate models, refer to Appendix A.

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 5 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

II. GETTING STARTED

II.1Operation

The Brookfield Viscometer is powered by a precision synchronous motor. Exact speeds of rotation

are assured as the motor will turn erratically and spasmodically if synchronization cannot be

maintained.

Speed changes are affected by a gear train having either four or eight speeds. Maximum speed

(RPM) will be set at full clockwise rotation and minimum speed at full counter-clockwise rotation.

Although not absolutely necessary, it is advisable to change speeds while the motor is running.

Four speed Viscometers have a square speed control knob with one number shown on each of four

faces. The instrument’s rotational speed is indicated by the number facing up. Eight speed models

have a square speed control knob with two numbers on each face; by moving the knob through two

complete turns, speeds may be changed in sequence. No trouble will be experienced in differenti-

ating between the two speeds shown on each face since each pair is in the ratio of 20:1. To insure

rotationattheindicatedspeed,itisimportantthatthefaceoftheknobuponwhichthisspeedisshown

be closely parallel to the viscometer’s dial.

LV Viscometers are provided with a set of four spindles and a narrow guard leg; RV Viscometers

come with a set of seven spindles and a wider guard leg; HA and HB Viscometers come with a set

of seven spindles and no guard leg.

The spindles are attached to the viscometer by screwing them to the lower shaft. Note that the

spindles have a left-hand thread. The lower shaft should be held in one hand and lifted up. The

spindle should be screwed to the left. The face of the spindle nut and the matching surface on the

lower shaft should be smooth and clean to prevent eccentric rotation of the spindle. Spindles can

be identified by the number on the side of the spindle nut.

AllBrookfield Dial Reading Viscometers are provided witha clutch lever located at the backof the

instrument. Depressing the lever raises the dial against the pointer and “holds” the instrument’s

reading. When the clutch is released the dial is lowered and the pointer will be freed.

Any of the controls on the Viscometer - the motor switch, speed change knob, and clutch - may be

operated independently of the other.

II.2 Viscometer Readings and Viscosity Calculations

1. Mount the guard leg, if used, (spindle protector) on the viscometer.

2. Attach the spindle to the viscometer lower shaft by lifting the coupling screw slightly. Hold it

firmlywithonehandwhilescrewingthespindleonwiththeother (noteleft-handthread). Avoid

putting side thrust on the shaft.

Toavoid trapping air bubbles under the disc-type spindles, do the following before attaching the

spindle. Begin by immersing the spindle in a diagonal path, slowly drag the spindle across the

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 6 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

fluid surface, and bring the spindle to an upright position and thread onto screw.

3. Lower and center spindle in the test material (600 ml beaker) until the meniscus of the fluid is

at the center of the immersion groove on the spindle’s shaft.

4. To make a viscosity measurement, turn the motor switch “ON”. This energizes the viscometer

drivemotor. Allowtimefortheindicatedreadingtostabilize. Thetimerequiredforstabilization

willdepend on the speedatwhichtheviscometeris running and thecharacteristicsofthesample

fluid.

Whenmaking aviscositymeasurement,the reading shouldbenotedand multipliedbythefactor

appropriate to the viscometer model/spindle/speed combination being used. Refer to the table

below or to the FACTOR FINDER for calculating viscosity. For maximum accuracy, readings

below 10.0% torque (dial reading) should be avoided.

5. Turn the viscometer motor switch “OFF” when changing a spindle, changing samples, etc.

Remove spindle before cleaning.

6. The interpretation of results and the instrument’s use with non-Newtonian and thixotropic

materials is discussed in the booklet, “More Solutions to Sticky Problems” and in Appendix C.

The following table applies to Brookfield Viscometer Models LV, RV, HA and HB with standard

spindles. Itenablestheusertoconverttopercentscalereadingintoaviscosityvalueinunitsofcentipoise.

To convert the viscometer dial reading to a viscosity value in units of centipoise, multiply the reading

noted on dial viscometer by the appropriate factor in the following tables.

1234

.3 200 .3 1

.3 4

.3 20

.6 100 .6 500 .6 2

.6 10

1.5 40 1.5 200 1.5 800 1.5 4

3 20 3 100 3 400 3 2

6 10 6 50 6 200 6 1

12 5 12 25 12 100 12 500

30 2 30 10 30 40 30 200

60 1 60 5 60 20 60 100

LV Viscometer

= Spindle Speed = Factor

= Spindle

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 7 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

Dial reading x Factor = Viscosity in cP (mPa•s)

Example: LVT Viscometer with #1 spindle at 6 rpm

Dial Reading: 75 Factor: 10

75 x 10 = 750 cP (mPa•s)

Full scale viscosity range for any speed and spindle combination is equal to the factor x 100.

Factor x 100 = Full scale range

Example: LVT Viscometer with #1 spindle at 6 RPM

Full Scale Range: 10 x 100 = 1,000 cP

.5 200 .5 800 .5 2

.5 4

.5 8

.5 20

.5 80

1 100 1 400 1 1

110

140

2 50 2 200 2 500 2 1

220

2.5 40 2.5 160 2.5 400 2.5 800 2.5 1.6

2.5 4

2.5 16

4 25 4 100 4 250 4 500 4 1

4 2.5

410

5 20 5 80 5 200 5 400 5 800 5 2

10 10 10 40 10 100 10 200 10 400 10 1

10 4

20 5 20 20 20 50 20 100 20 200 20 500 20 2

50 2 50 8 50 20 50 40 50 80 50 200 50 800

100 1 100 4 100 10 100 20 100 40 100 100 100 400

12345 67

= Spindle Speed = Factor

= Spindle

.5 400 .5 1.6

.5 4

.5 8

.5 16

.5 40

.5 160

1 200 1 800 1 2

120

180

2 100 2 400 2 1

210

240

2.5 80 2.5 320 2.5 800 2.5 1.6

2.5 3.2

2.5 8

2.5 32

5 40 5 160 5 400 5 800 5 1.6

516

10 20 10 80 10 200 10 400 10 800 10 2

10 8

20 10 20 40 20 100 20 200 20 400 20 1

20 4

50 4 50 16 50 40 50 80 50 160 50 400 50 1.6

100 2 100 8 100 20 100 40 100 80 100 200 100 800

12345 67

= Spindle Speed = Factor

= Spindle

.5 1.6M.5 6.4M.5 16M.5 32M.5 64M.5 160M.5 640M

1 800 1 3.2M18M116M132M180M1 320M

2 400 2 1.6M24M28M216M240M2 160M

2.5 320 2.5 1.28M2.5 32.M2.5 6.4M2.5 12.8M2.5 32M2.5 128M

5 160 5 640 5 1.6M5 3.2M5 6.4M516M564M

10 80 10 320 10 800 10 1.63M10 3.2M10 8M10 32M

20 40 20 160 20 400 20 800 20 1.6M20 4M20 16M

50 16 50 64 50 160 50 320 50 640 50 1.6M50 6.4M

100 8 100 32 100 80 100 160 100 320 100 800 100 3.2M

12345 67

= Spindle Speed = Factor

= Spindle

Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Page 8 Manual No. M/85-150-N898

II.3Considerations for Making Measurements

In taking viscosity measurements with the Dial Viscometer there are two considerations which

pertain to the low viscosity limit of effective measurement.

1) Viscosity measurements should be accepted within the equivalent % Torque Range from

10% to 100% for any combination of spindle/speed rotation.

2) Viscositymeasurements should be taken under laminar flowconditions, not under turbulent

flow conditions.

The first consideration has to do with the precision of the instrument. All Dial Viscometers have a

full scale range precision of ±1% of any spindle/speed rotation. We discourage taking readings

below 10% of range because the potential viscosity error of ±1% is a relatively high number

compared to the instrument reading.

The second consideration involves the mechanics of fluid flow. All rheological measurements of

fluid flow properties should be made under laminar flow conditions. Laminar flow is flow wherein

all particle movement is in layers directed by the shearing force. For rotational systems, this means

all fluid movement must be circumferential. When the inertial forces on the fluid become too great,

thefluid canbreakinto turbulent flowwhereinthe movementoffluidparticles becomesrandomand

the flow can not be analyzed with standard math models. This turbulence creates a falsely high

viscometer reading with the degree of non-linear increase in reading being directly related to the

degree of turbulence in the fluid.

For the following geometries, we have found that an approximate transition point to turbulent flow

occurs as follows:

1) No. 1 LV Spindle: 15 cP at 60 RPM

2) No. 1 RV Spindle: 100 cP at 50 RPM

3) UL Adapter: 0.85 cP at 60 RPM

Turbulent conditions will exist in these situations whenever the RPM/cP ratio exceeds the values

listed above.

Ce manuel convient aux modèles suivants

Table des matières

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