Analog Devices DC2836A Guide de configuration rapide

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

DESCRIPTION

LT7182S

Dual Channel 6A, 20V, PolyPhase

Step-Down Silent Switcher with Digital

Power System Management

Demonstration Circuit 2836A is a dual-output PolyPhase

DC/DC synchronous step-down regulator with 4V to 20V

input range featuring LT

7182S. Each output can sup-

ply 6A continuous/9A maximum transient load current.

LT7182S is a dual 6A monolithic step-down regulator.

The second-generation Silent Switcher

structure is

incorporated into LT7182S to minimize EMI and reduce

PCB layout sensitivity. It also integrates digital power sys-

tem management function allowing for programmability

and telemetry with a PMBus/I2C compliant serial inter-

face. Please see LT7182S data sheet for more detailed

information.

The demonstration circuit 2836A runs at 1MHz to mini-

mize solution size. The peak efficiency at 12V input is

83.2% for 1.2V rail and 91.1% for 3.3V rail. The IC tem-

perature rise is 70°C when both channels run at full load,

6A each, at 1MHz.

The demo board has EMI filters installed for both chan-

nels. The conducted and radiated EMI performances of

the board (with EMI filters) are shown in Figure2. The red

lines in Figure2 are CISPR25 CLASS 5 limit.

All registered trademarks and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

PERFORMANCE SUMMARY

DC2836A powers up to default settings and produces

power based on configuration resistors without the need

for any serial bus communication. This allows easy evalu-

ation of the DC/DC converter. To fully explore the power

system management features of the part, download the

GUI software LTpowerPlay

onto your PC and use ADI’s

I2C/SMBus/PMBus dongle DC1613A to connect to the

board. LTpowerPlay allows the user to reconfigure the part

on the fly and store the configuration in EEPROM, view

telemetry of voltage, current, temperature and fault status.

GUI Download

The software can be downloaded from: LTpowerPlay

The LT7182S data sheet gives a complete description of

the part, operation and application information. The data

sheet must be read in conjunction with this demo manual

for DC2836A.

For more details and instructions of LTpowerPlay, please

refer to LTpowerPlay GUI for LT7182S Quick Start Guide.

Design files for this circuit board are available.

Specifications are at TA= 25°C

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

VIN Input Voltage Range 4 20 V

VOUT0 Output0 Voltage 1.2 V

IOUT0 Maximum Output0 Current 9 A

VOUT1 Output1 Voltage 3.3 V

IOUT1 Maximum Output1 Current 9 A

fSW Switching Frequency 0.925 1 1.075 MHz

EFE Efficiency at DC VIN = 12V, IOUT0 = 3A, IOUT1 = 0A

VIN = 12V, IOUT1 = 3A, IOUT0 = 0A

83.2

91.1

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

QUICK START PROCEDURE

DC2836A is easy to set up to evaluate the performance of

the LT7182S. Refer to Figure3 for proper measurement

equipment setup and follow the procedure below:

NOTE:When measuring the input or output voltage ripple,

care must be taken to avoid a long ground lead on the

oscilloscope probe. See Figure5 for the proper scope

technique.

1. Set an input power supply that is capable of 20V/18A.

Then turn off the supply.

2. With power off, connect the supply to the input termi-

nals VEMI and GND. Set default jumper position:SW1:

ON; SW2: ON

3. Turn on the power at the input.

NOTE:Make sure that the input voltage never exceeds 20V.

4. Check for the proper output voltages of 1.2V ±0.5%

(1.194V ~ 1.206V) and 3.3V ±0.5% (3.283V ~ 3.317V).

Turn off the power at the input.

5. Once the proper output voltage is established, connect

variable loads capable of sinking 6A at 1.2V and 3.3V

to the output terminals VOUT0/VOUT1 and GND. Set

the current for 0A.

a. If efficiency measurements are desired, ammeters

can be put in series with the output loads to measure

the DC2836A’s output currents.

b. Voltmeters can be placed across the output termi-

nals to get accurate output voltage measurements.

6. Turn on the power at the input.

NOTE: If there is no output, temporarily disconnect the

load to make sure that the load is not set too high.

7. Once the proper output voltages are established again,

adjust the load and/or input within the operating range

and observe the output voltage regulation, ripple volt-

age, efficiency and other desired parameters.

8. Connect the dongle and control the output voltages

from the GUI. See LTpowerPlay GUI for the LT7182S

Quick Start Guide for details.

NOTE: When measuring the output or input voltage rip-

ple, do not use the long ground lead on the oscilloscope

probe. See Figure4 for the proper scope probe technique.

Short, stiff leads need to be soldered to the (+) and (–)

terminals of an output capacitor. The probe’s ground ring

needs to touch the (–) lead and the probe tip needs to

touch the (+) lead.

Figure1. Efficiency vs Load Current at 1MHz Switching Frequency

VOUT0 = 1.2 VOUT1 = 3.3

LOAD CURRENT (A)

100

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

EFFICIENCY (%)

LOSS (W)

dc2836a F01a

EFFICIENCY

LOSS

fSW = 1MHz

VIN = 8V

VIN = 12V

VIN = 18V

EFFICIENCY

LOSS

fSW = 1MHz

VIN = 8V

VIN = 12V

VIN = 18V

LOAD CURRENT (A)

100

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.1

2.4

2.7

3.0

EFFICIENCY (%)

LOSS (W)

dc2836a F01b

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

QUICK START PROCEDURE

Figure2. Demo Circuit 2836A EMI Performance in CISPR25 Conducted and Radiated Emission Test

(VIN = 14V, VOUT0 = 1.2V, IOUT0 = 6A, VOUT1 = 3.3V, IOUT1 = 6A, 1MHz Switching Frequency)

Conducted EMI Performance (CISPR25 Conducted

Emission Test with Class 5 Peak Limits)

Radiated EMI Performance (CISPR25 Radiated

Emission Test with Class 5 Peak Limits)

DC2836A DEMO BOARD

(WITH EMI FILTER INSTALLED)

14V INPUT TO 1.2V OUTPUT0 PLUS 3.3V OUTPUT1 AT 6A

= 1MHz

CLASS 5 PEAK LIMIT

CONDUCTED PEAK MAX

FREQUENCY (kHz)

100

10k

100k

–20

–10

AMPLITUDE (dBµV)

dc2836a F02a

DC2836A DEMO BOARD

(WITH EMI FILTER INSTALLED)

14V INPUT TO 1.2V OUTPUT0 PLUS 3.3V OUTPUT1 AT 6A

= 1MHz

CLASS 5 PEAK LIMIT

RADIATED PEAK MAX

FREQUENCY (MHz)

0.1

100

–20

–10

AMPLITUDE (dBµV/m)

dc2836a F02b

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

Figure3. Proper Measurement Equipment Setup

QUICK START PROCEDURE

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

QUICK START PROCEDURE

Figure4. Measuring Input or Output Ripple

Figure5. Demo Setup with PC

INPUT OR OUTPUT CAPACITOR

Connecting a PC to DC2836A

You can use a PC to reconfigure the power manage-

ment features of the LT7182S such as:nominal VOUT,

margin set points, OV/UV limits, temperature fault limits,

sequencing parameters, the fault log, fault responses,

GPIOs and other functionalities. The DC1613A dongle

may be plugged when VIN is present.

dc2836a F05

LT7182S

Demo Board

DC2836A

USB to

I2C/PMBus Dongle

DC1613A

Input

Power Supply

LOAD0

USB CABLE

12-PIN (J8)

CONNECTOR

VOUT0

LOAD1

VOUT1

VIN

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

LTpowerPlay SOFTWARE GUI

LTpowerPlay is a powerful Windows based development

environment that supports Linear Technology power sys-

tem management ICs and μModules. The software sup-

ports a variety of different tasks. You can use LTpowerPlay

to evaluate Linear Technology ICs by connecting to a

demo board system. LTpowerPlay can also be used in an

offline mode (with no hardware present) in order to build a

multichip configuration file that can be saved and reloaded

at a later time. LTpowerPlay provides unprecedented diag-

nostic and debug features. It becomes a valuable diagnos-

tic tool during board bring-up to program or tweak the

power management scheme in a system, or to diagnose

power issues when bringing up rails. LTpowerPlay utilizes

the DC1613A USB-to-SMBus controller to communicate

with one of many potential demo system, or a customer

board. The software also provides an automatic update

feature to keep the software current with the latest set

of device drivers and documentation. The LTpowerPlay

software can be downloaded from:

LTpowerPlay | Analog Devices

To access technical support documents for LTC Digital

Power Products visit the LTpowerPlay Help menu. Online

help also available through the LTpowerPlay.

Figure6. LTpowerPlay Main Interface

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

LTpowerPlay QUICK START PROCEDURE

The following procedure describes how to use LTpowerPlay

to monitor and change the settings of LT7182S.

1. Download and install the LTPowerPlay GUI:

LTpowerPlay | Analog Devices

2. Launch the LTpowerPlay GUI.

a. The GUI should automatically identify the DC2836A.

The system tree on the left hand side should look

like this:

b. A green message box shows for a few seconds in

the lower left hand corner, confirming that LT7182S

is communicating:

c. In the Toolbar, click the R (RAM to PC) icon to read

the RAM from the LT7182S. This reads the configu-

ration from the RAM of LT7182S and loads it into

the GUI.

d. If you want to change the output voltage to a differ-

ent value, like 1.5V. In the Config tab, type in 1.5 in

the VOUT_COMMAND box, like this:

Then, click the W (PC to RAM) icon to write these reg-

ister values to the LT7182S. After finishing this step,

you will see the output voltage will change to 1.5V.

If the write is successful, you will see the following

message:

e. You can save the changes into the NVM. In the tool

bar, click RAM to NVM button, as following

f. Save the demo board configuration to a (*.proj) file.

Click the Save icon and save the file. Name it what-

ever you want.

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

PARTS LIST

ITEM QTY REFERENCE PART DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER/PART NUMBER

Required Circuit Components

1 3 C5, C6, C8 CAP., 10µF, X6S, 10V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, ZRB18AC81A106KE01L

2 1 C7 CAP., 1µF, X7R, 16V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, GRM188R71C105KA12D

3 2 C14, C22 CAP., 0.1µF, X7R, 25V, 10%, 0402 MURATA, GRM155R71E104KE14

4 4 C15, C23, C55, C56 CAP., 100µF, X5R, 6.3V, 10%, 1206 MURATA, GRM31CR60J107KE39L

5 2 C17, C25 CAP., 10µF, X5R, 10V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, GRM188R61A106KAALD

6 2 C36, C37 CAP., 1µF, X5R, 35V, 10%, 0402 MURATA, GRM155R6YA105KE11D

7 2 C53, C54 CAP., 4.7µF, X6S, 25V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, GRM188C81E475KE11D

8 1 L1 IND., 0.47µH, 21.2A, 3.4mΩ COILCRAFT, XGL4030-471MEC

9 1 L2 IND., 1.2µH, 12.2A, 9.4mΩ COILCRAFT, XGL4030-122MEC

10 6 R2, R3, R4, R7, R8, R9 RES., 10k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW060310K0FKEA

11 1 R19 RES., 51.1k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW060351K1FKEA

12 1 R20 RES., 107k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW0603107KFKEA

13 1 R21 RES., 80.6k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW060380K6FKEA

14 1 U1 IC, REGULATOR, LQFN-40 ANALOG DEVICES, LT7182SRV#PBF

Additional Demo Board Circuit Components

1 1 C1 CAP., 1µF, X5R, 50V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, GRM188R61H105KAALD

2 1 C2 CAP., 0.01µF, X7R, 25V, 10%, 0603 TDK, C1608X7R1E103K080AA

3 1 C3 CAP., 100µF, ALUM, 35V PANASONIC, EEHZK1V101XP

4 1 C4 CAP., 4.7µF, X7R, 10V, 10%, 0805 TDK, C2012X7R1A475K085AC

5 1 C57 CAP., 10µF, X6S, 10V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, ZRB18AC81A106KE01L

6 0 C16, C24 CAP., OPTION, 7343

7 0 C19, C20, C27, C28 CAP., OPTION, 0603

8 2 C29, C30 CAP., 0.01µF, X5R, 25V, 10%, 0603 AVX, 06033D103KAT2A

9 1 C31 CAP., 0.1µF, X7R, 10V, 20%, 0603 AVX, 0603ZC104MAT2A

10 2 C32, C33 CAP., 1µF, X5R, 10V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, GRM188R61A105KA61D

11 2 C34, C35 CAP., 0.01µF, X5R, 50V, 10%, 0603 AVX, 06035D103KAT2A

12 4 C38, C39, C40, C41 CAP., 0.1µF, X7R, 50V, 10%, 0402 MURATA, GCM155R71H104KE02D

13 2 C42, C44 CAP., 10µF, X5R, 50V, 10%, 1210 TDK, C3225X5R1H106K250AB

14 1 C43 CAP., 1µF, X5R, 50V, 10%, 0603 TAIYO YUDEN, UMK107ABJ105KAHT

15 3 C50, C51, C52 CAP., 4.7µF, X5R, 25V, 10%, 0603 MURATA, GRM188R61E475KE15D

16 0 D1, D2 DIODE, OPTION, SOD-323

17 2 D4, D5 LED, GREEN, DIFFUSED, 0603 BROADCOM INC., HSMG-C190

18 3 D6, D7, D8 LED, RED, DIFFUSED, 0603 BROADCOM INC., HSMH-C190

19 1 FB1 FERRITE BEAD, 100Ω, 1812 WURTH ELEKTRONIK, 74279226101

20 1 L3 IND., 0.47µH, 6.8A, 14mΩ WURTH ELEKTRONIK, 744373240047

21 2 Q2, Q3 MOSFET, N-CH, SOT-23-3 VISHAY, 2N7002K-T1-GE3

22 1 Q4 MOSFET, N-CH, DPAK VISHAY, SUD50N04-8M8P-4GE3

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

ITEM QTY REFERENCE PART DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER/PART NUMBER

23 11 R1, R11, R12, R14, R16, R18, R23, R25,

R35, R38, R41

RES., 0Ω, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW06030000Z0EA

24 5 R5, R6, R37, R39, R56 RES., 10k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW060310K0FKEA

25 0 R13, R15, R22, R24, R26, R27, R28,

R33, R34, R36, R40, R42, R43, R49,

R50, R62, R63, R67

RES., OPTION, 0603

26 0 R29, R30 RES., OPTION, 2512

27 2 R44, R45 RES., 10Ω, 5%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW060310R0JNEA

28 2 R46, R61 RES., 4.99k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW06034K99FKEA

29 0 R48 RES., OPTION, 1206

30 5 R51, R52, R64, R65, R66 RES., 866Ω, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW0603866RFKEA

31 1 R53 RES., 0Ω, 1W, 2010 VISHAY, CRCW20100000Z0EFHP

32 0 R54 RES., OPTION, 2010

33 1 R57 RES., 0.01Ω, 1%, 1W, 2512 VISHAY, WSL2512R0100FEA

34 1 U2 IC, EEPROM, 2Kb (256x8), TSSOP-8 MICROCHIP, 24LC025-I/ST

35 1 U3 IC, IDEAL DIO, 10DFN ANALOG DEVICES, LTC4413EDD#PBF

36 1 U4 IC, LDO, TSOT23-5 ANALOG DEVICES, LT1761ES5-3.3#PBF

Hardware: For Demo Board Only

1 6 E1, E2, J3-J6 BANANA JACK, FEMALE KEYSTONE, 575-4

2 13 E12-E21, E40, E47, E48 TEST POINT, TURRET, 0.094" MILL-MAX, 2501-2-00-80-00-00-07-0

3 6 E41-E46 TEST POINT, TURRET, 0.064" MILL-MAX, 2308-2-00-80-00-00-07-0

4 1 J8 CONN., HDR, MALE, 2x6, 2mm AMPHENOL, 98414-G06-12ULF

5 1 J9 CONN., HDR, MALE, 2x7, 2mm MOLEX, 0877601416

6 1 J10 CONN., HDR, FEMALE, 2x7, 2mm SULL. CONN. SOLU., NPPN072FJFN-RC

7 3 J11, J12, J13 CONN., BNC, 50Ω AMPHENOL RF, 112404

8 4 JP1, JP2, JP3, JP4 CONN., HDR, MALE, 1x3, 2mm WURTH ELEKTRONIK, 62000311121

9 4 MP1, MP2, MP3, MP4 STANDOFF, NYLON, SNAP-ON, 0.50" KEYSTONE, 8833

10 2 SW1, SW2 SWITCH, SLIDE, DPDT, 0.3A, 6VDC, PTH C&K, JS202011CQN

11 4 XJP1, XJP2, XJP3, XJP4 CONN., SHUNT, FEMALE, 2 POS, 2mm WURTH ELEKTRONIK, 60800213421

PARTS LIST

DEMO MANUAL DC2836A

Rev. 0

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

BOOST1

VSENSE0+

ITH1

ITH0

VSENSE0-

VSENSE1+

VSENSE1-

ITH0

ITH1

VSENSE0+

VSENSE1+

VSENSE0-

VIN0

BOOST0

X00001

X00002

VSENSE0+

VSENSE0-

VIN1

VSENSE1+

VSENSE1-

VIN1

VIN0

VSENSE1-

X00001

X00002

VOUT0

INTVCCVDD18DRVCC

INTVCC

VOUT1

VOUT0

VOUT1

3V3

/ALERT

SCL

SDA

PGOOD1

SHARE_CLK

PGOOD0

/FAULT0

/FAULT1

RUN1

RUN0

SYNC

VPULLUP

EXTVCC

VIN0

VEMI

EXTVCC

VPULLUP

1. ALL RESISTORS AND CAPACITORS ARE 0603.

NOTE: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

2 FOR SINGLE OUTPUT CONFIGURATION.

Optional Resistors for Single Output Configuration

22 2

C39

0.1uF

0402

50V

J5 VOUT1

3.3V / 6A

R22

OPT

10k

R15

OPT

E48

GND

R19

51.1k

R21

80.6k

R24

OPT

E43

VOUT0 SENSE

0.47uH

744373240047

1 2

C55

1206

C38

0.1uF

0402

50V

10uF

R12

R18

GND

E44

GND

1.2uH

XGL4030-122MEB

1 2

C22

0.1uF 0402

C36

1uF

0402

LT7182SIV

SGND

ITH0 4

ITH1 5

INTVCC 6

VDD18 7

VOUT0_CFG

VOUT1_CFG

VSENSE1P 11

VSENSE1N 12

VSENSE0N 1

PGND 19

PVIN0 35

PGND

/FAULT1

SCL

SDA

SW1 16

BOOST1 13

DRVCC 20

EXTVCC 21

PGND 14

SHARE_CLK

SW0 37

BOOST0 40

PVIN0 38

SW0 36

PGOOD1

PVIN1 15

ASEL

SYNC/PWM_CFG

VSENSE0P 2

PVIN1 18

SW1 17

RUN1

RUN0

/FAULT0

/ALERT

PGOOD0

SW0

SW1

GND

PGND

R23

FB1

74279226101

1 2

C42

10uF

50V

1210

10uF

10k

R29

OPT

2512

R20

107k

E47

GND

VEMI

4V-20V

R67

OPT C53

4.7uF

0603

25V

JP4

R16

C16

OPT

J6 GND

10k

R13 OPT

C19

OPT

R11

R26

OPT

C57 10uF

10k

E42

GND

0.47uH

XGL4030-471MEB

1 2

R25

10k

R28

OPT

C28

OPT

C24

OPT

GND

E46

VOUT1 SENSE

C17

10uF

E41

VIN SENSE

C25

10uF

C14

0.1uF 0402

C20

OPT

C41

0.1uF

0402

50V

100uF

35V

C27

OPT

R27

OPT

C54

4.7uF

0603

25V

E45

GND

J3 VOUT0

1.2V/6A

10k

10uF

10k

C23

100uF

6.3V

1uF

E40

EXTVCC

C15

100uF

6.3V

C43

1uF

50V

C44

10uF

50V

1210

R30

OPT

2512

R14

C40

0.1uF

0402

50V

C56

100uF

1206

R62 OPT

10k

C37

1uF

0402

Table des matières

Autres manuels Analog Devices Carte mère

Analog Devices

Analog Devices ADP5090-2-EVALZ Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices ADSP-BF518F EZ-Board Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices UG-061 Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices ADAV4601 Manuel technique

Analog Devices

Analog Devices EV-ADF4360-7EB1Z Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices DC2874A-A Guide de configuration rapide

Analog Devices

Analog Devices EVAL-ADAQ4003FMCZ Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices AD9142A-M5372-EBZ Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices EV-TEMPSENSE-ARDZ Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices AD8333-EVALZ Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices EVAL-SSM2317-MINI Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices ADSP-TS201S EZ-KIT Lite Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices MAX25262 Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices LINEAR DC2496A-A Guide de configuration rapide

Analog Devices

Analog Devices EVAL-ADPD7000 Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices MAX17614 Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices DC2779A Guide de configuration rapide

Analog Devices

Analog Devices EVAL-ADN4651EB1Z Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices ADuCM310 Guide rapide de l'utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices AD911 Series Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices MAX14916PMB Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices EVAL-AD7405FMCZ Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices ADSP-21369 EZ-KIT Lite Manuel utilisateur

Analog Devices

Analog Devices AD6642 Manuel utilisateur

Manuels Carte mère populaires d'autres marques

DFI

DFI SD170 Manuel utilisateur

ASROCK

ASROCK ROMED8-2T Manuel utilisateur

Asus

Asus P2L97A Manuel utilisateur

Winmate

Winmate IC70 Manuel utilisateur

Asus

Asus MES-B Manuel utilisateur

Grantech

Grantech SYS8F377VGGA-3OMN Manuel utilisateur

Telit Wireless Solutions

Telit Wireless Solutions SL869-3DR Manuel utilisateur

Gigabyte

Gigabyte GA-9IVDT Manuel utilisateur

Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments ADS8372EVM Manuel utilisateur

Commell

Commell MS-C73 Manuel utilisateur

IBT Technologies

IBT Technologies MB860 Manuel utilisateur

Nvidia

Nvidia TEGRA DG-04927-001_V01 Manuel utilisateur

Biostar

Biostar M7VIT Bravo Instructions d'utilisation et d'installation

Intel

Intel D33217CK Manuel utilisateur

Asus

Asus F1A55-M LX PLUS R2.0 Manuel utilisateur

EPC

EPC EPC9147C Manuel utilisateur

Asus

Asus EX-B760M-V5 D4 Manuel utilisateur

EPOX

EPOX MU-8KHA0010 Manuel utilisateur