Waters 2410 Manuel

Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality

new and certied-used/pre-owned equipment

• FAST SHIPPING AND

DELIVERY

• TENS OF THOUSANDS OF

IN-STOCK ITEMS

• EQUIPMENT DEMOS

• HUNDREDS OF

MANUFACTURERS

SUPPORTED

• LEASING/MONTHLY

RENTALS

• ITAR CERTIFIED

SECURE ASSET SOLUTIONS

SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS

Experienced engineers and technicians on staff

at our full-service, in-house repair center

WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT

Sell your excess, underutilized, and idle used equipment

We also offer credit for buy-backs and trade-ins

www.artisantg.com/WeBuyEquipment

REMOTE INSPECTION

Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with

our interactive website at www.instraview.com

LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION?

Visit us on the web at www.artisantg.com for more

information on price quotations, drivers, technical

specications, manuals, and documentation

View

Instra

Waters 2410

Differential Refractometer

Operator’s Guide

34 Maple Street

Milford, MA 01757

71500241002, Revision 2

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

NOTICE

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be

construed as a commitment by Waters

Corporation.Waters Corporation assumes no

responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.This guide is believed to be

complete and accurate at the time of publication. In no event shall Waters Corporation be

liable for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the use of

this guide.



1998, 2000 WATERS CORPORATION. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF

BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE

PUBLISHER.

ExpertEase, LAC/E, PowerLine, and SAT/IN are trademarks, and Millennium and

Waters are registered trademarks of Waters Corporation.

Triton is a trademark of Rohm and Haas Company.

Suprasil II is a trademark of Heralus-Amersil Incorporated.

All other trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners.

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

Attention:

The Waters 2410 Differential Refractometer is a highly sensitive instrument.

Read this operator’s manual before using the instrument.

When using the instrument, follow generally accepted procedures for quality control and

methods development.

If you observe a change in the retention of a particular compound, in the resolution

between two compounds, or in peak shape, immediately take steps to determine the

reason for the changes. Until you determine the cause of a change, do not rely upon the

results of the separations.

Attention:

Changes or modiﬁcations to this unit not expressly approved by the party

responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Attention:

To meet the regulatory requirements of immunity from external electrical

disturbances that may affect the performance of this instrument, do not use cables longer

than 9.8 feet (3 meters) when you make connections to the terminal strips on the rear

panel of the unit.In addition, ensure you always connect the shield of the cable to chassis

ground at one instrument only.

Caution:

To protect against ﬁre hazard, replace fuses with those of the same type and

rating.

Caution:

To avoid the possibility of electrical shock, power off the 2410 detector and

disconnect the power cord before you service the instrument.

Note:

The Installation Category (Overvoltage Category) for this instrument is Level II.The

Level II category pertains to equipment that receives its electrical power from a local level,

such as an electrical wall outlet.

STOP

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

Symbols on the Rear Panel of the 2410 Detector

Direct current

Alternating current

Protective conductor

terminal

Frame or chassis terminal

Caution, risk of electrical

shock (high voltage)

Caution or refer to guide

Caution, hot surface or

high temperature

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

Table of Contents 5

How to Use This Guide..................................................................... 13

Chapter 1

Waters 2410 Theory of Operation ................................................... 16

1.1 Overview............................................................................... 16

1.2 Theory of Operation.............................................................. 17

1.2.1 Optical Refraction...................................................... 17

1.2.2 Differential Refractometry.......................................... 22

1.2.3 Common RI Detection Problems............................... 24

1.3 Principles of Operation.......................................................... 25

1.3.1 Fluidics....................................................................... 25

1.3.2 Optics......................................................................... 29

1.3.3 Electronics................................................................. 30

Chapter 2

Installing the 2410 Refractometer .................................................... 31

2.1 Introduction........................................................................... 31

2.2 Site Selection and Power Requirements............................... 32

2.3 Unpacking and Inspection..................................................... 34

2.4 Making Electrical Power Connections................................... 35

2.5 Making Fluidic Connections.................................................. 35

2.5.1 Connecting a Column or Second Detector................ 36

2.5.2 Connecting to Waste.................................................. 37

2.5.3 Connecting to a Drip Tray .......................................... 38

Table of Contents

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

6 Table of Contents

Chapter 3

Making Signal Connections ............................................................. 39

3.1 Component Connection Overview........................................ 39

3.2 Making IEEE-488 Signal Connections.................................. 41

3.2.1 Connecting to a Waters Data System Using the

IEEE-488 Bus............................................................ 41

3.2.2 Connecting to a Waters PowerLine System

Controller................................................................... 45

3.2.3 Connecting to a Manual Injector................................ 45

3.3 Making Non-IEEE-488 Signal Connections.......................... 46

3.3.1 Connecting to a Stand-Alone 2690 Separations

Module....................................................................... 48

3.3.2 Connecting to the Waters 745/745B/746 Data

Module....................................................................... 51

3.3.3 Connecting to a Chart Recorder................................ 53

3.3.4 Connecting to the Waters 845/860 ExpertEase

System ...................................................................... 54

3.3.5 Connecting Injection Trigger Signals ......................... 55

3.3.6 Polarity Connections.................................................. 57

3.4 Connecting the External Column Heaters ............................ 58

Chapter 4

Preparing Solvents .......................................................................... 60

4.1 Common Solvent Problems .................................................. 60

4.2 Selecting a Solvent............................................................... 61

4.3 Solvent Degassing................................................................ 63

4.3.1 Gas Solubility............................................................. 64

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

Table of Contents 7

4.3.2 Solvent Degassing Methods.......................................64

4.3.3 Solvent Degassing Considerations ............................65

Chapter 5

Using the 2410 Refractometer .........................................................67

5.1 Using the Front Panel............................................................67

5.1.1 Keypad Functions.......................................................70

5.2 Selecting Parameter Values ..................................................75

5.2.1 Sensitivity Guidelines.................................................76

5.2.2 Scale Factor Guidelines.............................................76

5.2.3 Time Constant Guidelines..........................................78

5.2.4 Temperature Guidelines (Ext1 °C, Ext2 °C, Int °C).....79

5.2.5 Polarity Guidelines .....................................................79

5.3 Starting Up the 2410 Refractometer......................................80

5.4 Shutting Down the 2410 Refractometer ................................82

Chapter 6

Maintenance Procedures .................................................................83

6.1 Cleaning the Fluidic Path.......................................................84

6.2 Replacing Fuses....................................................................85

Chapter 7

Troubleshooting ................................................................................88

7.1 Troubleshooting Overview .....................................................88

7.2 Chromatography Troubleshooting..........................................90

7.2.1 Abnormal Baseline.....................................................90

7.2.2 Erratic or Incorrect Retention Times...........................94

7.2.3 Poor Peak Resolution.................................................96

7.2.4 Incorrect Qualitative/Quantitative Results..................98

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

8 Table of Contents

7.3 Diagnostics ......................................................................... 100

7.3.1 Operating the Startup Diagnostics........................... 100

7.3.2 Operating the User-Initiated Diagnostics................. 100

7.4 Hardware Troubleshooting .................................................. 103

Appendix A

Speciﬁcations ................................................................................. 105

Appendix B

Spare Parts/Accessories ............................................................... 108

Appendix C

Warranty Information...................................................................... 110

C.1 Limited Express Warranty................................................... 110

C.2 Shipments, Damages, Claims, and Returns....................... 114

Index .......................................................................................... 115

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

Table of Contents 9

1-1 Waters 2410 Differential Refractometer......................................... 16

1-2 Effect of Density on RI................................................................... 19

1-3 Refraction of Light.......................................................................... 20

1-4 Presence of Sample Changes the Photodiode Signal................... 21

1-5 How Refraction Changes

f............................................................. 23

1-6 Waters 2410 Refractometer Fluidics .............................................26

1-7 Waters 2410 Refractometer Fluidic Paths..................................... 28

1-8 Waters 2410 Differential Refractometer Optics Bench

Assembly Light Path...................................................................... 30

2-1 Major Steps in Installing the 2410 Differential Refractometer........ 31

2-2 Dimensions of the 2410 Refractometer......................................... 32

2-3 Waters 2410 Refractometer Rear Panel........................................ 34

2-4 Fluidic Connections ....................................................................... 36

2-5 Ferrule and Compression Screw Assembly................................... 37

3-1 Waters 2410 Differential Refractometer Rear Panel...................... 40

3-2 Overview of Connecting Components to the 2410 Differential

Refractometer................................................................................ 41

3-3 Waters Millennium System IEEE-488 Connections....................... 42

3-4 Waters 845/860 System IEEE-488 Connections........................... 42

3-5 Waters Alliance System IEEE-488 Connections ...........................43

3-6 Waters PowerLine System Controller IEEE-488 Connections.......45

3-7 Waters 2410 Rear Panel Analog-Out/Event-In Connectors........... 47

3-8 Auto Zero Connections Between the 2690 Separations Module

and the 2410 Refractometer.......................................................... 49

3-9 Chart Mark Connections Between the 2690 Separations Module

and the 2410 Refractometer.......................................................... 50

List of Figures

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

Autres manuels pour 2410

Table des matières

Autres manuels Waters Instrument de mesure

Waters

Waters 2410 Manuel

Waters

Waters ionKey/MS Manuel utilisateur

Waters

Waters Xevo TQ-XS Mass Manuel d'utilisation

Waters

Waters Xevo TQ-S micro Manuel d'utilisation

Waters

Waters Xevo TQ-S cronos Manuel d'utilisation

Waters

Waters TQ Detector Manuel

Manuels Instrument de mesure populaires d'autres marques

Suaoki

Suaoki D40 Manuel utilisateur

Elster

Elster BK-G1.6 Manuel utilisateur

Endress+Hauser

Endress+Hauser Deltabar FMD71 Manuel

Duratool

Duratool D03128 Manuel utilisateur

Vega

Vega VEGAPULS 65 Manuel utilisateur

Tonghui

Tonghui TH2618B Manuel utilisateur

Tenmars

Tenmars TM-801 Manuel utilisateur

MSR

MSR 145 Manuel utilisateur

TPS

TPS WP-82 Manuel utilisateur

ELMETRON

ELMETRON CP-511 Manuel utilisateur

PCB Piezotronics

PCB Piezotronics 003C30 Manuel utilisateur

Tenma

Tenma 72-10465 Manuel utilisateur

Endress+Hauser

Endress+Hauser Proline Promag 50 Caractéristiques techniques

Siemens

Siemens SITRANS F Coriolis FCT030 Manuel de la liste des pièces

KLINGER

KLINGER CMF V Series Manuel utilisateur

EXFO

EXFO FTB-2 Manuel d'exploitation et d'entretien

Keysight

Keysight M8290A Manuel utilisateur

ADTEK

ADTEK MW-5 Manuel utilisateur