Thytronic XMR-D Manuel utilisateur

MANUAL

XMR-D

GROUP “4I+4V+(4I+64F)”

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

INTENTIONALLY BLANK PAGE

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

—1 INTRODUCTION 7

Scope and liability...........................................................................................................................................................................................7

Conformity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................7

Service support ...............................................................................................................................................................................................7

Copyright...........................................................................................................................................................................................................7

Warranty...........................................................................................................................................................................................................7

Safety recommendations...............................................................................................................................................................................7

Insulation tests ................................................................................................................................................................................................7

Product identification.................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Environment .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Graphical conventions .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Glossary/definitions....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

—2 GENERAL 13

Preface........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Photo .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13

Main features.................................................................................................................................................................................................14

Cyber Security ...............................................................................................................................................................................................15

—3 TECHNICAL DATA 17

3.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................................................................................................................17

Measuring relays and protection equipment...........................................................................................................................................17

Mechanical data ...........................................................................................................................................................................................17

Insulation test ................................................................................................................................................................................................17

EMC tests for interference immunity)........................................................................................................................................................17

Voltage dip and interruption........................................................................................................................................................................17

EMC tests for interference immunity.........................................................................................................................................................17

Emission......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Mechanical tests.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Climatic tests................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18

Safety ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18

Certifications................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18

3.2 INPUT CIRCUITS .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Auxiliary power supply Uaux ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Phase current inputs with inductive CTs.................................................................................................................................................. 19

Residual current input................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Phase voltage inputs with inductive VTs.................................................................................................................................................. 19

Relays............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

Block output (Logic selectivity).................................................................................................................................................................. 20

3.4 MMI (Man Machine Interface) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20

3.5 COMMUNICATION INTERFACES .................................................................................................................................................................. 20

Local port....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Network ports............................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Protocol.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

3.6 RATED VALUES AND GENERAL SETTINGS................................................................................................................................................. 20

Rated values (all versions)...........................................................................................................................................................................21

Rated values for versions with inductive CT and VT inputs...................................................................................................................21

Rated values for versions with ThySensor inputs ...................................................................................................................................21

Binary inputs..................................................................................................................................................................................................21

Output relays..................................................................................................................................................................................................21

Input sequence..............................................................................................................................................................................................21

Polarity............................................................................................................................................................................................................21

Line ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................22

Starting control set .......................................................................................................................................................................................22

3.7 PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS ...............................................................................................................................................................................22

Base current - IB...........................................................................................................................................................................................22

Underimpedance - 21 ...................................................................................................................................................................................22

Overeflux- 24..................................................................................................................................................................................................22

Thermometric probes - 26........................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Undervoltage - 27......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Positive sequence undervoltage - 27V1....................................................................................................................................................24

100% stator earth fault with 3rd harmonic (27H - 59H)............................................................................................................................24

Directional active overpower 32P..............................................................................................................................................................24

Directional reactive overpower 32Q..........................................................................................................................................................25

Undercurrent - 37..........................................................................................................................................................................................25

Directional active underpower 37P............................................................................................................................................................25

Directional reactive underpower 37Q........................................................................................................................................................26

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

Loss of field - 40............................................................................................................................................................................................26

Negative sequence overcurrent for Line/Transformer protection- 46LT ............................................................................................26

Negative sequence overcurrent for Generator protection - 46G .........................................................................................................27

Negative sequence overcurrent for Motor protection - 46M .............................................................................................................. 28

Negative sequence / positive sequence current ratio - I2/I1............................................................................................................... 29

Phase rotation direction check - 47......................................................................................................................................................... 29

Thermal image for Line/Transformer protection - 49LT.......................................................................................................................... 29

Thermal image for Motor/generator protection - 49MG........................................................................................................................ 29

Inadvertent energization - 50/27................................................................................................................................................................ 30

Phase overcurrent - 50/51 side H .............................................................................................................................................................. 30

Phase overcurrent - 50/51 side L................................................................................................................................................................31

Locked rotor - 51LR(48)/14 ...........................................................................................................................................................................32

Voltage-controlled / restraint overcurrent - 51V..................................................................................................................................... 33

Residual overcurrent - 50N/51N or High impedance restricted earth fault - 87NHIZ ...................................................................... 33

Calculated residual overcurrent - 50N(Comp)/51N(Comp).....................................................................................................................35

Minimum power factor - 55 .........................................................................................................................................................................36

Overvoltage - 59.............................................................................................................................................................................................36

Residual overvoltage - 59N..........................................................................................................................................................................37

Negative sequence overvoltage - 59V2.................................................................................................................................................... 38

Rotor earth fault (64F).................................................................................................................................................................................. 38

High impedance restricted earth fault - 64REF ....................................................................................................................................... 38

Maximum number of startings (Restart inhibition) - 66.......................................................................................................................... 38

Directional phase overcurrent - 67 ........................................................................................................................................................... 38

Directional earth fault overcurrent- 67N...................................................................................................................................................41

Out of step - 78...............................................................................................................................................................................................44

Overfrequency - 81O.....................................................................................................................................................................................44

Underfrequency - 81U ..................................................................................................................................................................................44

Frequency rate of change (81R)..................................................................................................................................................................45

Differential - 87G-87M-87T...........................................................................................................................................................................45

Lock-out - 86...................................................................................................................................................................................................46

Vector jump ....................................................................................................................................................................................................46

Breaker failure - BF (Side L and Side H)....................................................................................................................................................46

3.8 CONTROL AND MONITORING........................................................................................................................................................................47

Synchrocheck - 25 ........................................................................................................................................................................................47

Selective block - BLOCK2 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 48

Internal selective block - BLOCK4............................................................................................................................................................. 48

Circuit Breaker supervision........................................................................................................................................................................ 48

VT supervision - 74VT .................................................................................................................................................................................. 48

CT supervision - 74CT.................................................................................................................................................................................. 48

Demand measures....................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

Oscillography (DFR) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ..................................................................................................................................................... 49

Arc Flash........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 49

3.9 METERING......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 50

Accuracy........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50

—4 FUNCTION CHARACTERISTICS 51

4.1 HARDWARE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................51

Power supply board......................................................................................................................................................................................51

CPU module....................................................................................................................................................................................................51

Input board.....................................................................................................................................................................................................52

MMI (Display, Keyboard and LED) .............................................................................................................................................................52

4.2 FIRMWARE........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53

Base software............................................................................................................................................................................................... 53

Real-time operating system........................................................................................................................................................................ 53

Task................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 53

Drivers.............................................................................................................................................................................................................54

Application Software....................................................................................................................................................................................54

Data Base.......................................................................................................................................................................................................54

Self test (Application) ...................................................................................................................................................................................54

Development tool (Builder)..........................................................................................................................................................................54

4.3 I/0 DESCRIPTION ..............................................................................................................................................................................................55

Metering inputs .............................................................................................................................................................................................55

Conventions................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60

Use of measured signals............................................................................................................................................................................. 63

LED indicators................................................................................................................................................................................................71

Communication interfaces...........................................................................................................................................................................75

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

4.4 PROTECTIVE ELEMENTS .................................................................................................................................................................................76

Rated values...................................................................................................................................................................................................76

Overflux - 24 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................87

Thermal protection with RTD thermometric probes - 26 ........................................................................................................................94

Positive sequence undervoltage - 27V1................................................................................................................................................. 100

100% stator earth-fault with 3rd harmonic: residual under-overvoltage (27H-59H).........................................................................102

Directional active overpower - 32P..........................................................................................................................................................106

Directional reactive overpower - 32Q..................................................................................................................................................... 109

Directional active underpower - 37P.......................................................................................................................................................114

Directional reactive underpower - 37Q...................................................................................................................................................117

Negative sequence overcurrent for Line or Transformer protection - 46LT .....................................................................................126

Negative sequence overcurrent for Generator protection - 46G ( .................................................................................................... 133

Negative sequence overcurrent for motor protection - 46M ............................................................................................................. 138

Phase rotation direction check - 47.........................................................................................................................................................145

Thermal image - 49LT for Line or Transformer protection (Side H and Side L) .................................................................................146

Thermal image - 49MG for motor or generator protection...................................................................................................................157

Inadvertent energization - 50/27.............................................................................................................................................................. 168

Negative sequence current / positive sequence current ratio - I2/I1................................................................................................172

Phase overcurrent - 50/51 Side H and Side L.........................................................................................................................................175

Residual overcurrent - 50N.1/51N.1, 50N.2/51N.2 or high impedance restricted earth fault - 87NHIZ.1, 87NHIZ.2 side 1,2....185

Locked rotor- 50S/51LR(48)/14...................................................................................................................................................................196

Voltage controlled/restraint overcurrent - 51V ......................................................................................................................................202

Residual overcurrent - 50N(Comp)/51N(Comp) side H or side L ........................................................................................................ 209

Minimum power factor - 55 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 219

Residual overvoltage - 59N........................................................................................................................................................................227

Negative sequence overvoltage - 59V2...................................................................................................................................................231

Rotor Earth Fault - 64F .............................................................................................................................................................................. 233

Low impedance restricted ground fault- 64REF.................................................................................................................................... 238

Maximum number of starts - 66................................................................................................................................................................241

Phase directional overcurrent - 67.......................................................................................................................................................... 243

Ground directional overcurrent - 67N..................................................................................................................................................... 259

Ground directional overcurrent with calculated residual current - 67N(Comp) ..............................................................................282

Out of Step - 78 ............................................................................................................................................................................................294

Frequency rate change - 81R................................................................................................................................................................... 308

Vector jump - dphi.......................................................................................................................................................................................326

Breaker failure - BF.................................................................................................................................................................................... 328

4.5 CONTROL AND MONITORING......................................................................................................................................................................334

Remote tripping ...........................................................................................................................................................................................342

Second Harmonic Restraint - 2ndh-REST.............................................................................................................................................. 343

Trip circuit supervision - 74TCS.................................................................................................................................................................347

Virtual I/O..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 350

Circuit breaker supervision (Side H and Side L) ................................................................................................................................... 353

Oscillography...............................................................................................................................................................................................355

Arc Flash Protection ...................................................................................................................................................................................356

—5 MEASURES, LOGIC STATES AND COUNTERS 357

Measures......................................................................................................................................................................................................357

Protections.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 358

Delayed inputs............................................................................................................................................................................................ 358

Self test ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 358

Pilot wire diagnostic.................................................................................................................................................................................. 359

Selective Block - BLOCK2......................................................................................................................................................................... 359

Fault recording - SFR................................................................................................................................................................................. 359

Event recording - SER................................................................................................................................................................................ 359

Oscillography - DFR ................................................................................................................................................................................... 359

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

—6 INSTALLATION 361

6.1 PACKAGING.....................................................................................................................................................................................................361

6.2 MOUNTING......................................................................................................................................................................................................361

6.3 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 363

6.4 RATED In AND Ien SETTINGS ......................................................................................................................................................................371

6.5 LED COMMISSIONING ..................................................................................................................................................................................371

6.6 FINAL OPERATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................................................371

—7 PROGRAMMING AND SETTINGS 372

7.1 SW ThyVISOR..................................................................................................................................................................................................372

ThyVisor use.................................................................................................................................................................................................372

7.2 MMI (Man Machine Interface) ................................................................................................................................................................... 373

Reading variables (READ)......................................................................................................................................................................... 373

Setting modifying (SET) ..............................................................................................................................................................................374

TEST...............................................................................................................................................................................................................375

COMMUNICATION......................................................................................................................................................................................375

Circuit breaker commands ........................................................................................................................................................................375

Enable / block changes via keyboard - Password.................................................................................................................................376

7.4 MAINTENANCE...............................................................................................................................................................................................377

7.5 REPAIR..............................................................................................................................................................................................................377

7.6 PACKAGING.....................................................................................................................................................................................................377

—8 APPENDIX 378

8.1 APPENDIX A1 - INPUT-OUTPUT SCHEME................................................................................................................................................. 378

8.2 APPENDIX A2 - PROTECTION FUNCTIONS............................................................................................................................................... 379

8.3 APPENDIX A3 - APPLICATION SCHEMES................................................................................................................................................. 380

8.4 APPENDIX B - EC Conformity Declaration .................................................................................................................................................384

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

INTRODUCTION 7

1 INTRODUCTION

—Scope and liability

The technical characteristics of XMR, protective relays instructions for installation, adjustment and

commissioning are illustrated.

This document contains the description of all the protection functions present in the versions

XMR-A, XMR-V, XMR-P, XMR-D and XMR-T; for the functions actually present in the single ones

versions refer to the table on the following page.

The information given in this document is reviewed regularly; any corrections and integration will be

included in subsequent editions that are identiﬁed by the date of revision.

We appreciate any suggestions for improvement.

We reserve the right to make technical improvements without notice.

—Conformity

The product complies with the CEE directives:

• EMC Council Directives 2014/30/EC

• Low voltage Directives: 2014/35/EC

—Service support

Contact: Service tecnico THYTRONIC www.thytronic.it

—Copyright

—Warranty

Thytronic warrants devices against defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a

period of ONE (1) year from the date of retail purchase by the original end-user purchaser (“Warranty

Period”).

—Safety recommendations

The warming contained in this document are all-important for safety; special attention must be paid

to the following symbols:

Installation and commissioning must be carried out by qualiﬁed person; Thytronic assumes no re-

sponsibility for damages caused from improper use that does not comply all warning and caution in

this manual.

In particular the following requirements must be met:

• Remove power before opening it.

• Verify the voltage absence by means suitable instrumentation on relay connections; attention must

be paid to all circuits supplied by external sources (binary input, CT, etc...)

• Care must be taken when handling metal parts.

—Insulation tests

After insulation tests, hazardous voltages (capacitor charges,...) may be arise; it is advisable to gra-

dually reduce the test voltage avoiding to erase it abruptly.

CAUTION Minor personal injury or property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken

DANGER Death, severe personal injury or substantial property damage will result if proper precautions

are not taken

WARNING Death, severe personal injury or substantial property damage can result if proper precautions

are not taken.

CAUTION

Settings must be established on the basis of a coordination study.

Numerical values inside examples have educational purpose only; they don’t be used, in no way,

for actual applications.

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

8INTRODUCTION

Function ANSI Code IEC61850

Logical Node

XMR-A

4I+1V/1A

XMR-V

XMR-P

4I+4V

XMR-D

4I+4V

(4I+64F)

XMR-T 8I+1V

XMR-T PRO

11I+1V

Under Impedence 21 PDIS - F21Sn

Over Flux(V/Hz) 24 PVPH - F24 Sn L

SynchroCheck 25 RSYN - F25 State

GGIO - F25 Management

Thermal with Pt100 Probes 26 PTTR - F26 Sm

Under Voltage 27 PTUV - F27 Sn

Positive Sequence Undervoltage 27V1 PTUV - F27V1

100%Stator earth fault with 3rd harmonic 27H - 59H

Directional active overpower 32P PDOP - F32Pn

Directional reactive overpower 32Q PDOP - F32Qn

Under Current 37 PTUC - F37H1 - F37L1 L, H, T

Directional active underpower 37P PDUP - F37Pn

Directional reactive underpower 37Q PDUP - F37Qn

Loss of Field 40(M/G) PDUP - F40Sn

Negative sequence overcurrent transformer 46LT PTOC - F46Hn - F46Ln L, H, T

Negative sequence overcurrent Motor/Generator 46M, 46G PTOC - F46GSA - F46GS1

Negative /positive sequence current ratio I2/I1 PTOC - FI21L- FI21H L, H, T

Phase reversal 47 PTOV - F47 Us1

Thermal Image Transformer 49LT PTTR - F49H1- F49L1 L, H, T

Thermal Image Motor/Generator 49MG PTTR - F49MS1

Unintentional energisation at standstill protection 50/27 GGIO- SPV

Phase overcurrent side H and side L 50/51 PTOC - F51Lp - F51Hp L, H, T

Maximum Residual Overcurrent 50N/51N PTOC - F5N1p - F5N2p L, H, T

Maximum Residual Overcurrent(2) 50N/51N(2) PTOC - F5N1p - F5N2p

Calculated Residual Overcurrent 50N/51N(Comp) PTOC - F5NLp - F5NHp

Locked Rotor 51LR(48)/14 PMSS - F51Rn

Voltage restraint overcurrent 51V PTOC - F51Vn

Minimum Power Factor 55 PUPF - F55Sn

Overvoltage 59 PTOV - F59Sn

Residual Overvoltage 59N PTOV - F59Np

Negative sequence overvoltage 59V2 PTOV - F59V2

Rotor Earth Fault 64F PTOC - F64Fn

Low impedance restricted earth fault 64REF PHIZ - F64F1 1, 2

Maximum number of startings (Restart inhibition) 66 PMRI - F66S1

Phase Directional Overcurrent

(Voltmetric Permission) 67 PTOC - F67Sq

RDIR - F67Sq

Ground directional overcurrent 67N

PTOC - F67Nw

RDIR - F67Nw

PTOV - F67Nw

PTOC - F67N6 Intermittent

PTOC - F67N7 Evolutionary

Ground directional overcurrent with calculated

residual current 67N(Comp) PTOC - F67NCq

RDIR - F67NCq

PTOV - F67NCq

Out of Step Protection 78 PPAM - F78A - F78B

Automatic Recloser 79 RREC - F79

Vector Jump DPHI GGIO- SPV

Over frequency 81O PTOF - F81Oq

Under frequency 81U PTUF - F81Uq

Frequency rate Change 81R PFRC - F81Rq

Lock-out 86

Double slope biased differential for Generator/

Motor/Transformer 87M-G-T PHAR - F87Hw

Breaker Failure BF RBRF L, H, T

CT Supervision 74CT GGIO- SPV L, H

VT Supervision 74VT GGIO- SPV

Trip Circuit Supervision 74TCS SCBR - 74TCSH - 74TCSL

Remote TRIP

2ndh-REST PHAR - FI2S1L - FI2S1H

ARC FLASH

Multiple Profiles (A, B)

Multiple Profiles (A, B, C, D)

Optional with requested HW Expansion

Threshold key n (1,2) - m (1,2,3,4,5,6) - p (1,2,3) - q (1,2,3,4) - w (1,2,3,4,5) Optional with requested SW Package

Standard

Work in Progress

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

INTRODUCTION 9

—Product identification

Each device is equipped with:

• Identiﬁcation label installed on the front side with following informations: code number, phase and

residual nominal currents, auxiliary voltage range and CE mark[1]:

• Test label with following informations: data, serial number and test operator signature[2].

—Environment

The XMR device must be employed according to the environment conditions shown (see technical

data).

In case of different environment conditions, appropriate provisions must be provided (conditioning

system, humidity control, etc...).

If contaminants are present (dust, corrosive substances, etc...), ﬁlters must be provided.

—Graphical conventions

The CEI/IEC and ANSI symbols is employed where possible:

e.g.: 51 = ANSI code concerning the overcurrent element.

Following text formats are used:

The Thyvisor menu:

Phase overcurrent -50/51

The parameter description (measures, thresholds, operate time,...) and related value:

I> element

    Denitetime

I>def

The display messages (MMI) are shown as:

XMR-x

Notes are highlighted with cursive letters inside colored bar

—Glossary/definitions

fn Rated frequency

InH Relay phase rated current side H

InpH Phase CT primary rated current side H

InL Relay phase rated current side L

InpL Phase CT primary rated current side L

Ing Protected device rated current

IEn1 Relay residual rated current (input 1)

IEnp1 Residual CT primary rated current (input 1)

IEn2 Relay residual nominal current (input 2)

IEnp2 Residual CT primary nominal current (input 2)

ANSI codes:21 Underimpedance

24 Over Flux(V/Hz)

25 SynchroCheck

26 Thermal with Pt100 probes

27 Undervoltage

27V1 Positive sequence undervoltage

32P Directional active overpower

32Q Directional reactive overpower

37 Undercurrent

37P Directional active underpower

37Q Directional reactive underpower

40 Loss of ﬁeld

46LT Negative sequence overcurrent transformer

46M-46G Negative sequence overcurrent

I2/I1 Negative /positive sequence current ratio

47 Phase reversal

49LT Thermal Image Transformer

49MG Thermal image

50/27 Unintentional energisation at standstill protection

50/51 Phase overcurrent side H and side L

50N/51N Maximum Residual Overcurrent

50N(Comp)/51N(Comp) Calculated residual overcurrent

Note 1 The rating data can be found on labels on the back and on the front (accessible after removing the left frame)

Note 2 The rating data can be found on labels on the front plate (accessible after removing the right frame)

XMR0#000000000

In5A

UAUX 110-230 Vac/dc

100V

IEn

UEn

1A 1A

5A 1A

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

10 INTRODUCTION

51LR(48)/14 Locked rotor

51V Voltage restraint overcurrent

55 Minimum power factor

59 Overvoltage

59N Residual overvoltage

59V2 Negative sequence overvoltage

64F Rotor Earth Fault

64REF Low impedance restricted earth fault

66 Maximum number of startings (Restart inhibition)

67N Ground directional overcurrent

67N(Comp) Ground directional overcurrent with calculated

residual current

81O/81U Overfrequency and underfrequency

87G-87M/87T Double slope biased differential for generator/motor/transformer

BF Circuit breaker failure

74CT-74VT CT-VT supervision

78 Out of Step Protection

79 Automatic Recloser

74TCS Trip circuit supervision

52 o CB (Circuit Breaker) Circuit Breaker

52a Auxiliary contact in the breaker that is in the same position as the

breaker. It can be assigned to a binary input to locate the CB position

(Breaker failure and/or CB diagnostic functions).

52b Auxiliary contact in the breaker that is in the opposite position as the

breaker (52b open = CB closed)

DFR Digital Fault Recorder (Oscillography)

SER Sequential Event Recorder

SFR Sequential Fault Recorder

ANSI American National Standard Institute

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

CENELEC Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique

K1...Kx Output relays

Pulse Output relay with pulse operation

tTR Output relay minimum pulse width

Latched Output relay with latched operation (manual reset) Output relay with

latched operation (automatic reset)

No-latched Output relay with no-latched operation (automatic reset)

VT Voltage Transformer

CT Current Transformer

ThySensor Combo device

P1 IEC nomenclature for primary polarity mark of CTs (as an alternative to

a ANSI dot)

P2 IEC nomenclature for primary polarity mark of CTs (as an alternative to

a ANSI no-dot)

S1 IEC nomenclature for secondary polarity mark of CTs (as an alternative

to a ANSI dot)

S2 IEC nomenclature for secondary polarity mark of CTs (as an alternative

to a ANSI no-dot)

Self test Diagnostic

Start Leave an initial condition or reset condition (Pickup)

Trip Operation (with operate time)

Operating time Duration of time interval between the instant when the characteri-

stic quantity in reset condition is changed, under speciﬁed condi-

tions, and the instant when the relay operates

Dropout ratio The ratio of a reset value to an operate value in well-speciﬁed con-

ditions. The dropout ratio may be lower or greater than 1 according

as an over or under element is considered

Reset time Duration of the time interval between the instant when the characte-

ristic quantity in operate condition is changed, under speciﬁed con-

ditions, and the instant when the relay operates.

The stated reset time is related to a step variation of characteristic

quantity in operate condition to the reset condition.

Overshoot time The critical impulse time for a relay which is in its reset condition, is

the longest duration a speciﬁed change in the input energizing quan-

tities (characteristic quantity), which will cause the relay to change

to operate condition, can be applied without the relay switches. The

overshoot time is the difference from the operate time and the cri-

tical impulse time. The declared values for the overshoot time are

applicable with the lower setting value of the operation time.

XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL

Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021

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