Texas Instruments -83 Plus Silver Edion Manuel utilisateur

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TI-83 Plus Developer Guide

Third Release

Back Front

Spine

5.31”

8.07” Variable

spine

Z80 is a trademark of ZiLOG, Inc.

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Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Important information

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limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose,

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an “as-is” basis.

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or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of

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the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas

Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of

these materials by any other party.

The latest version of this Guide, along with all other up-to-date information for

developers, is available at http://education.ti.com.

TI−83 Plus Developer Guide Third Release May 28, 2002 i

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

TI−83 PlusDeveloper Guide.................................................1

Conventions Used in this Guide........................................................ 1

Purpose of this Guide ....................................................................... 2

Structure of this Guide ...................................................................... 2

Chapter 2: TI-83 Plus Specific Information

Architecture..........................................................................3

Hardware Layer....................................................................4

Z80 CPU and Memory ...................................................................... 4

Z80 RAM Structure ........................................................................... 5

System RAM........................................................................................ 6

User RAM............................................................................................ 6

Temporary RAM................................................................................... 6

Floating Point Stack............................................................................. 6

Free RAM ............................................................................................ 7

Operator Stack..................................................................................... 7

Symbol Table....................................................................................... 7

Hardware Stack ................................................................................... 7

Flash ROM Structure ........................................................................ 8

Boot (Code) Area................................................................................10

Certification Area ................................................................................10

Operating System (OS) Area..............................................................10

Certificate List Area.............................................................................10

User APPS (Calculator Software Applications)/Data Area...................10

Swap Area/User APPS/Data Area ......................................................11

System Development Environment................................................. 11

System Routines.................................................................................11

RST Routines......................................................................................12

System RAM Areas.............................................................................12

System Flags ................................................................................12

OP1 through OP6 RAM Registers.................................................17

Safe RAM Locations for Application Use.......................................18

Table of Contents (continued)

ii Third Release May 28, 2002 TI−83 Plus Developer Guide

System Variables Area..................................................................19

System Variables that are Both Input and Output............................... 19

System Variable Characteristics .................................................. 19

Storing and Recalling System Variable Values................................... 20

System Variables that Are Output Only.............................................. 22

User RAM...........................................................................................22

Variable Data Structures...............................................................22

Numeric Based Data Types................................................................ 22

Real Data Type Structure............................................................. 23

Complex Data Type Structure...................................................... 23

Real List Data Type Structure...................................................... 23

Complex List Data Type Structure ............................................... 24

Matrix Data Type Structure .......................................................... 24

Token Based Data Types ................................................................... 25

TI−83 Plus Tokens......................................................................... 25

Program, Protected Program, Equation, New Equation, and String

Data Type Structures.......................................................................... 25

Screen Image Data Type Structure .................................................... 25

Graph Database Data Type Structure ................................................ 26

Unformatted AppVar Data Type Structure.......................................... 26

Guidelines for AppVar Usage....................................................... 26

Variable Naming Conventions.......................................................26

Variable Name Spellings..................................................................... 28

Predefined Variable Names................................................................ 28

Variables: A – Z and θ.................................................................. 28

List Variables: L1 – L6.................................................................. 28

Matrix Variables: [A] – [J] ............................................................. 28

Equation Variables: Y1 – Y0, X1t – X6t, Y1t – X1t, r1 – r6, u(n),

v(n), w(n)...................................................................................... 29

String Variables: Str1 – Str0......................................................... 30

Picture Variables: Pic1 – Pic0 ...................................................... 30

Graph Database Variables: GDB1 – GDB0 ................................. 31

Variable: Ans................................................................................ 31

User-Defined Variable Names............................................................ 31

User-Named Lists......................................................................... 32

User-Named Programs ................................................................ 32

User-Named AppVars.................................................................. 33

Accessing User Variables Stored In RAM — (Unarchived)............33

Accessing Variables that Are Not Programs or AppVars...............33

Accessing Programs and AppVar Variables..................................34

Output from a Variable Search on the Symbol Table ......................... 34

Table of Contents (continued)

TI−83 Plus Developer Guide Third Release May 28, 2002 iii

Creating Variables.........................................................................36

Storing to Variables.......................................................................39

Recalling Variables........................................................................40

Deleting Variables.........................................................................41

Archiving and Unarchiving.............................................................43

Related Routines ................................................................................ 44

Accessing Archived Variables without Unarchiving............................ 45

Manipulation Routines...................................................................49

List Element Routines......................................................................... 49

Matrix Element Routines..................................................................... 49

Resizing AppVar, Program, and Equation Variables .....................50

Symbol Table Structure.......................................................................52

Floating Point Stack (FPS)..................................................................57

Naming Convention.......................................................................58

General Use Rules.............................................................................. 58

FPS System Routines...................................................................59

FPS Allocation Routines ..................................................................... 59

FPS Deallocation Routines................................................................. 60

Copy Data To and From Existing FPS Entries.................................... 61

Drivers Layer......................................................................64

Keyboard......................................................................................... 64

Display............................................................................................ 71

Displaying Using System Routines......................................................71

Display Utility Routines..................................................................71

Displaying Text..............................................................................72

Formatting Numeric Values for Display...............................................76

Entry Points...................................................................................76

Modifying Display Format Settings......................................................77

Writing Directly to the Display Driver...................................................77

Reading the Display Driver After Setting X or Y Coordinates ........80

Contrast Control..................................................................................82

Split Screen Modes.............................................................................82

Graphing and Drawing —What’s the difference?........................... 84

Drawing...............................................................................................84

Graphing.............................................................................................84

Graphing and Drawing Utility Routines................................................84

Drawing Routine Specifics ..................................................................85

Graphing Routine Specifics.................................................................88

Table of Contents (continued)

iv Third Release May 28, 2002 TI−83 Plus Developer Guide

Graph WINDOW Settings..............................................................88

Graphing ina SplitScreen ............................................................88

Graphing Routines and System Flags...........................................88

Run (Busy) Indicator ....................................................................... 91

APD(Automatic Power Down)................................................... 92

Link Port.......................................................................................... 93

Tools and Utilities Layer..................................................99

ErrorHandlers............................................................................... 99

Nested ErrorHandlers.................................................................. 101

Utility Routines.............................................................................. 102

Floating-Point Math...........................................................................102

MiscellaneousMath Functions..........................................................104

Floating-Point Math Functions that Output Complex Results.......104

Complex Math...................................................................................105

Other Math Functions.......................................................................107

FunctionEvaluation...........................................................................108

Parse Routine.............................................................................108

Temporary Variables.........................................................................110

UsingTemporary Variables.........................................................111

ManagingTemporary Variables..................................................111

Deleting Temps and Setting (pTempCnt)....................................112

Working with TI Language Localization Applications.................... 114

Entering and Exiting an Application Properly................................ 115

Stand-alone......................................................................................115

Start-upCode..............................................................................115

Exit Code....................................................................................116

Stand-alone with Put Away Notification.............................................117

Start-upCode..............................................................................118

Put AwayCode...........................................................................120

Chapter 3: Application Development Process

Programming Layer .........................................................120

TI−BASIC Programs .........................................................................120

ASM Programs..................................................................................120

Applications.......................................................................................121

ASM versus Applications ..................................................................121

Table of Contents (continued)

TI−83 Plus Developer Guide Third Release May 28, 2002 v

Development System.......................................................121

Using the Simulator System —Requirements for Getting Started 121

Creating an Application for Debugging —One-Page and Multi-Page

Apps.............................................................................................. 122

A Brief Overview of Certificates and Application Signing.............. 122

Creating Applications that Fit On One Page................................. 122

The Hello Application........................................................................123

Accessing System Resources.....................................................123

Application Headers....................................................................123

Header Creation..........................................................................123

Calling System Routines .............................................................123

Accessing System Variables.......................................................123

Defining a String..........................................................................124

Erasing the Screen......................................................................124

Printing Text to the Screen..........................................................124

Copying the String.......................................................................124

System RAM Registers...............................................................124

Reading a Key Press...................................................................125

Exiting an Application..................................................................125

Creating a Multiple Page Application............................................ 125

Branch Table Entries.........................................................................125

Branch Table Placement...................................................................126

Branch Table Equate File..................................................................126

Making Off-Page Calls and Jumps....................................................126

Creating a Zilog Developer Studio Project.....................127

Creating the Project...................................................................... 127

Adding Files to the Project................................................................127

Project Settings.................................................................................127

Building the Application................................................................. 128

Loading the Application into the Simulator.................................... 129

Debugging the Application............................................................ 131

Signing the Application ................................................................. 134

Downloading the Application......................................................... 134

Chapter 4: Development Tools

Development Architecture...............................................136

Table of Contents (continued)

vi Third Release May 28, 2002 TI−83 Plus Developer Guide

Z80 Development System................................................136

Installation........................................................................136

TI Software Simulator and Debugger .............................136

Introduction................................................................................... 136

Installation..................................................................................... 137

Getting Started.............................................................................. 137

Breakpoints................................................................................... 141

Address Watch Points................................................................... 141

Trace Options ............................................................................... 142

CPU View Window........................................................................ 143

Disassembly View Window........................................................... 144

Flash View Window....................................................................... 145

Flash Monitor Window................................................................... 145

RAM View Window........................................................................ 146

RAM Monitor Window ................................................................... 147

Memory Map Window ................................................................... 148

Calculator Simulator Window........................................................ 148

Symbol Table................................................................................ 150

Trace Log Window........................................................................ 150

IO Log Window ............................................................................. 152

Loading Applications and RAM Files ............................................ 152

Link Settings ................................................................................. 154

Key Press Recording and Playback.............................................. 155

Save/Display/Compare Calculator Screens.................................. 156

Terminating a Session .................................................................. 156

Support in Writing Applications..................................................... 156

Glossary................................................................................... 151

TI83 Plus “Large” Character Fonts.......................................156

TI-83 Plus “Small” Character Fonts.......................................163

Figures

xviii Third Release May 28, 2002 TI−83 Plus Developer Guide

Fig. 2.1: TI−83 Plus Architecture................................................................................................ 3

Fig. 2.3: Z80 Memory Space......................................................................................................4

Fig. 2.2: TI−83 Plus RAM........................................................................................................... 5

Fig. 2.4: TI−83 Plus RAM Structure............................................................................................ 5

Fig. 2.5: TI−83 Plus Flash ROM Structure.................................................................................. 8

Fig. 2.5b: TI−83 Plus Silver Edition Flash ROM Structure.......................................................... 8

Fig. 2.6: Symbol Table Structure...............................................................................................52

Fig. 2.7: Floating Point Stack Structure.....................................................................................57

Fig. 2.8: Calculator Scan Code .................................................................................................65

Fig. 2.9: Home Screen Display Mapping...................................................................................72

Fig. 2.10: Pen Display Mapping ................................................................................................74

Fig. 2.11: Command Values......................................................................................................77

Fig. 2.12: Pixel Coordinates......................................................................................................85

Fig. 2.13: Graph WINDOW Setting ...........................................................................................88

Fig. 2.14: Error Flow................................................................................................................102

Fig. 2.15: TI−83 Plus System RAM .........................................................................................112

Fig. 2.16: Control Flow............................................................................................................116

Fig. 2.17: Event Sequence......................................................................................................117

Fig. 2.18: Application Loader Process.....................................................................................119

Fig. 3.1: Application Development Flow..................................................................................119

Tables

TI−83 Plus Developer Guide Third Release May 28, 2002 xix

Table 2.1: System Flags ...........................................................................................................13

Table 2.2: OP Registers............................................................................................................17

Table 2.3: Transfer one OP register to another (11 byte operation)..........................................17

Table 2.4: Exchange one OP register with another (11 byte operation) ....................................18

Table 2.5: Load a floating-point value into an OP register (9 byte operation)............................18

Table 2.6: Miscellaneous floating-point utility routines in OP registers......................................18

Table 2.7: Set an OP register to all zeros (11 byte operation)...................................................18

Table 2.8: Variable Name, RAM Equate, and SysTok Value.....................................................21

Table 2.9: Floating-Point Number Format.................................................................................22

Table 2.10: Variable Name Format ...........................................................................................27

Table2.11: Format of ArchiveStoredVariables........................................................................44

Table2.12: Format of ArchiveStoredVariables........................................................................46

Table2.13: Program, AppVar, Group........................................................................................52

Table2.14: Lists........................................................................................................................52

Table2.15: Real, Cplx, Mat, EQU, GDB, Pict............................................................................52

Table2.16: FormulaExample...................................................................................................54

Table2.17: Floating-Point Basic Math Functions...........................................................................102

Tab le 2.18: Trigonometric and HyperbolicFunctions ..............................................................103

Table2.19: Floating-Point Power andLogarithmicMath Functions.........................................103

Table 2.20: Floating-Point Miscellaneous Math Functions.......................................................104

Table2.21: Complex Math Basic Math Functions ...................................................................105

Table 2.22: Complex Math Power and Logarithmic Math Functions........................................106

Table 2.23: Complex Math M iscellaneous Math Functions......................................................106

Table2.24: Temporary VariablesExample .............................................................................110

Table 2.25: Language Table...................................................................................................114

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