Tektronix AA 501A Manuel utilisateur

COMMITTEDTO EXCELLENCE

PLEASE CHECK FOR CHANGE INFORMATION

AT THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL.

501A

DISTORTION

ANALYZER

WITH OPTIONS

AND

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

,,,

Tektronix,

Inc.

P.O.

Box 500

Beaverton, Oregon 97077

070-6592-00

Product Group76

Serial

Number

First Printing

JULY

1987

Contentsof this publicationmay not

reproduced

any form

without the written permissionof Tektronix, Inc.

Products of Tektronix, Inc. and its subsidiaries are covered by

U.S. and foreign patentsand/or pending patents.

TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and

are registered

trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. TELEQUIPMENT is a registered

trademark of Tektronix, 1nc.TELEQUIPMENT

a registered

trademark of Tketronix U.K. Limited.

TABLE

CONTENTS

Page

.....................

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iii

............................

LIST OF TABLES iv

.............

OPERATOR'S SAFETY SUMMARY v

.................

SERVICE SAFETY SUMMARY vi

Section

SPECIFICATION

..............

Instrument Description 1-1

PerformanceConditions

.............

1-1

ElectricalCharacteristics

.............

1-2

EnvironmentalCharacteristics

........

1-8

PhysicalCharacteristics

.............

1-8

Section

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Preparation for Use

................

Repackaging Information

............

Controls. Connectors. and Indicators

...

Instrument Connections

.............

Level Measurements

................

Distortion Measurements

............

Distortion Measurement Procedure

....

High Distortion Measurement Limitations 2-8

IM Distortion Measurements(Option 01

....................

and Option 02) 2-8

IM Distortion Measurement Procedure

...........

(Option 01 and Option 02) 2-10

...........................

Filters 2-11

..........................

Displays 2-13

........................

Monitoring 2-13

THE FOLLOWING SERVICING INSTRUC-

TIONS ARE FOR USE BY QUALIFIED PER-

SONNEL ONLY

. TO AVOID PERSONAL INJU-

RY. DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING

OTHER THAN THAT CONTAINED IN OPER-

ATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE

QUALIFIED TO DO SO

. REFER TO OPERA-

TORS SAFETY SUMMARY AND SERVICE

SAFETY SUMMARY PRIOR TO PERFORM-

ING ANY SERVICE

Section

THEORY OF OPERATION

.......................

Introduction 3-1

.....................

Input Amplifier 3-1

.............

Automatic Gain Control 3-2

.......................

Notch Filter 3-2

........

Frequency Band Discriminator 3-3

Notch Filter Control

.................

3-5

Distortion Amplifier

.................

3-5

Filters and AC-DC Converters

(Standard and Option 01 Instruments

............................

Only) 3-6

Filters and AC-DC Converters

.........

(Option 02 Instruments Only) 3-7

dB Converter

......................

3-7

................

dB Offset Generator 3-8

dB Ratio Circuitry

..................

6 V Reference

.....................

DVMIlnterface

.....................

Display Board

Logic Circuitry

.....................

Power Supplies

....................

IM Analyzer (Option 01 and 02 only)

...

Section

CALIBRATION

PERFORMANCECHECK

Introduction

....................

4-1

........

Performance Check Interval 4-1

...............

Services Available 4-1

Test Equipment Required

..........

4-1

.........

Performance Check Steps 4-2

AA 501A Performance Check

......................

Summary 4-3

...................

PROCEDURE 4-7

ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE

....................

Introduction 4-19

Test Equipment Required

..........

4-19

.....................

Preparation 4-19

...................

PROCEDURE 4-19

TABLE

CONTENTS

(cont)

Section

MAINTENANCE

Introduction .

...

Preparation For Use ...

On-board Jumpers

...

......

REAR INTERFACE INFORMATION

Functions Available at Rear Connector. .

and

lnput connectors(28B,28A)

lnput Common (27B,27A) .

Auxiliary lnput (25B)....

......

Auxiliary lnput Ground (268) ...

...

Function Output (238)

...

......

FunctionOutput Ground (248) ..

lnput Monitor (24A)

...

....

lnput Monitor Ground (23A) ..

...

Converter Output (20A) .....

.....

dB Converter Output (19B) .

...

dB Converter Output Ground (20B) ..

General Maintenance Information

...

Troubleshooting Aids ..

....

Diagrams

...

....

Circuit Board Illustrations

.....

Calibration Fixtures

Troubleshooting Equipment ..

....

Static-SensitiveComponents .......

Obtaining Replacement Parts

...

Circuit Board Removal

...

1. Top Cover Removal

...

2. Bottom and Back Covers

Removal

....

3. Main (A15), InputINotch(A1

4),

and IMD (Option01 and Option

Section

MAINTENANCE

(cont)

02 Only (A13) Boards Removal

4. Control Logic (A12) and DVM/

Interface(A16) Boards Removal

5. Display Board (A10) Removal

Magnetic Shield ......

.....

Soldering Techniques

...

Semiconductors ...

.....

CoaxialCables ..

...

Exterior Cleaning

.....

....

Chassis

.....................

Front Panel

....

InteriorCleaning

...

Troubleshooting High Residual

Distortion Problems

...

Section

OPTIONS

Section 7 REPLACEABLE ELECTRICAL PARTS

Section

DIAGRAMSAND CIRCUIT BOARD

ILLUSTRATIONS

Section

REPLACEABLE MECHANICAL PARTS

CHANGE INFORMATION

LIST

ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig.

No.

Page

Installationand removal

.......

Front panelcontrols and connectors

.....

Typical connections for distortion

measurements.

...

....

...

....

...

Block diagram of a basic harmonic distortion

analyzer

............................

Transfer characteristicsof an audio device

THD test of transfer characteristics

Block diagram of basic IM analyzer

....

IMtest of transfer characteristicsin time and

frequency domain

....

Responsecurves for

AA 501A

filters

Oscilloscopedisplay of deviationfrom

linearity

...

.....

......... ..

3-1

Simplified notch filter

3-2

Frequency banddiscriminator

3-4

3-3

Intermodulationdistortion analyzer block

diagram

....

...

.. 3-11

4-1 AA 501A

grounded unbalancedinput

connection

...

.....

4-7

4-2

AA 501A

common mode input connection

4-8

4-3 AA 501A

checkladjust step

...

4-13

4-4

SMPTE residual intermodulation

distortion checkladjust

....

4-15

4-5

Total harmonic SMPTE and CClF distortion

and CClFresidual

distortion checkladjust

4-16

4-6 AA 501A

top cover adjustmentsaccess

...

4-19

5-1

Main board rear interface connector

assignments..

.......

...

5-3

5-2

Circuit boards and connectors pictorial (top

view).

...

.. 5-6

5-3

Latch assembly pictorial

......

. 5-7

iii

LIST

TABLES

Table

No.

Page

1-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1-2

1-2 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

1-7

1-3 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

....

1-7

2-1 Gains from INPUT terminals to FUNCTION

OUTPUT connector for various settings of

the INPUT LEVEL RANGE control

...

2-14

3-1 TRUTH TABLE FOR U2042 OUTPUTS

3-3

3-2 INTERNAL CONNECTIONS IN U1010

DEPENDING ON LOGIC STATES OF PINS

10AND 11

..........................

3-5

3-3 GAIN AND SWITCHING THROUGH U2031 3-6

3-4 TRUTH TABLE FOR U1021

...

.....

3-6

4-1 Suggested Test Equipment

...

....

4-2

4-2 Common Mode Rejection CHECK

....

4-9

4-3 Level Function Volts Accuracy

....

4-9

4-4 Total Harmonic Distortion Accuracy CHECK 4-13

5-1 RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO STATIC

DISCHARGE DAMAGE

.....

5-4

5-2 HIGH DISTORTION/NOISE SYMPTOMS

AND PROBABLE CAUSES

....

........

5-10

OPERATORS

SAFETY

SUMMARY

This general safety information is for both operating and servicing personnel. Specific warnings and cautions will be found

throughout the manual where they apply, but may not appear in this summary.

TERMS

Grounding the Product

In This Manual

This product is grounded through the grounding conductor

of the power module power cord. To avoid electrical shock,

CAUTION statements identify conditions or practices that

plug

the

power

cord

into

properly

wired

receptacle

before

can result in damage to the equipment or other property. connecting to the product input or output terminals. A pro-

tective groundconnection by way of the grounding conduc-

tor in the power cord is essential for safe operation.

WARNING statements identify conditions or practices that

can result in personal injury or loss of life.

Danger Arising From Loss of Ground

As Marked on Equipment

Upon loss of the protective-groundconnection, all accessi-

bleconductiveparts (includingknobs and controls that may

CAUTION indicates a personal injury hazard not immedi-

appear

insulating)

can

render

electric

shock.

ately accessible as one reads the marking, or a hazard to

property including the equipment itself.

Use the Proper Power Cord

DANGER indicates a personalinjuryhazardimmediatelyac- Use only the power cord and connector specified for your

cessible as one reads the marking. product.

Use only a power cord that is in good condition.

SYMBOLS

Refer cord and connector changes to qualified service

personnel.

In This Manual Use the Proper Fuse

indicates

where

applicable

To avoid fire hazard, use only the fuses specified in the

cautionaryor other information

to be found. parts list for your product, and which is identical in type,

Protectiveground (earth)terminal. voltage rating and current rating.

ATTENTION-refer to manual.

Refer to manual.

Power Source

Refer fuse replacementto qualified service personnel.

Do Not Operate in Explosive Atmospheres

To avoidexplosion, do not operatethis product in an atmo-

sphere of explosive gases unless it has been specifically

certifiedfor such operation.

This product is designed to operate from a power module

that does not apply more than

250

volts rms between the

Operate

Plug-in Unit

Without

Covers

supply conductors or between either supply conductor and

ground. A protective ground connection by way of the To avoid personal injury, do not operate this product with-

grounding conductor in the power cord is essential for safe out covers or panels installed. Do not apply power to the

operation. plug-in via a plug-inextender.

SERVICING SAFETY SUMMARY

FOR QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL

Refer also to thepreceding Operators Safety Summary

Do Not Service Alone Do Not Wear Jewelry

Do not perform internalservice or adjustment of this prod- Remove jewelry prior to servicing. Rings, necklaces, and

uct unlessanother personcapable of renderingfirst aid and other metallic objects could come into contact with danger-

resuscitationis present. ous voltages and currents.

Use Care When Servicing With Power On Power Source

Dangerousvoltages may exist at several points inthis prod- This product is intended to operate from a power module

uct.To avoid personal injury,do not touch exposedconnec- that will not apply more than

250

volts rms between the

tions and components while power is on. supply conductors or between either supply conductor and

ground.

protective ground connection by way of the

grounding conductor in the power cord is essential for safe

Disconnect power before removing protective panels, sol- operation.

dering, or replacing components.

Section

1-AA

501A

SPECIFICATION

Instrument Description

The AA 501A is a fully automatic distortion analyzer

packaged as a two-wide TM 500 plug-in. Total harmonic

distortion is measuredwith the standard instrument.Option

01 instruments also measure SMPTEIDIN intermodulation

distortion and CClF two-tone difference frequency distor-

tion. In addition, Option 02 instruments permit noise mea-

surements in accordancewith CClR recommendation468-2

or DIN 45405.

Distortion set level, frequency tuning and nulling are fully

automatic, requiring no operator adjustment. Input level

range and distortion measurement rangeselections are fully

automatic or may be manually selected. Distortion readout

is provided in percent or dB.

The AA 501A is also a high sensitivity, autoranging, au-

dio frequency voltmeter. Readingsmay be in volts, dBm, or

dB relativeto any arbitrary reference.

Filters are includedwhich allow measurement of noiseto

IHF and FCC specifications. Option 02 instrumentsprovide

a quasi-peak detector for noise measurements in accor-

dance with CClR or DIN standards. A hum rejectionfilter is

providedas are provisionsfor externalfilters.

All readings are displayed on a

112 digit readout. An

uncalibratedanalog readoutis also provided to aid in nulling

and peakingapplications.

Ac to dc conversion is either average or true rms re-

sponding, allowing conformance with most standards. Op-

tion 02 instruements provide quasi-peak or true rms

detection. This feature permits compariston with readings

obtainedon other instruments.

Ac input and output connections are available on both

the front panel and the rear interface. Dc signals, cor-

responding to the displayed reading, are available through

the rear interface. This allows flexibility in interconnection

with other instrumentssuch as filters, chart recorders, spec-

trum analyzers, oscilloscopes, etc.

Performance Conditions

Theelectrical characteristicsinthis specification are valid

only if the AA 501A has been adjusted at an ambient tem-

perature between +20°C and +30°C. The instrument

must be in a noncondensing environment whose limits are

described underthe environment section. Allow twenty min-

uteswarm-uptimefor operationto specified accuracy; sixty

minutes afterexposureto or storagein a highhumidity (con-

densing) environment. Any conditions that are unique to a

particularcharacteristicare expressly stated as part of that

characteristic.

The electrical and environmental performance limits, to-

gether with their related validation procedures, comprise a

completestatementof the electrical and environmental per-

formance of a calibratedinstrument.

ltems listed in the Performance Requirements column of

the Electrical Characteristicsare verified by completingthe

Performance Check in the Calibration section of this man-

ual. ltems listedin the Supplemental Informationcolumn are

not verified in this manual.

Table

1-1

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristics

INPUT (all functions)

Impedance

Input ranges

Maximum input voltage

Common mode rejection

(inputsshorted)

LEVEL FUNCTION

Modes

Accuracy Vi, in

100pV

(-78 dBm) with level ranging

indicatorsextinguished

(T<+40°C)

20 Hz to 20 kHz

10 Hz to 20 Hz and 20 kHz to

100kHz

Bandwidth

(nofilters selected)

Supplemental Information

Fulldifferential. Each side ac coupled through 1 pF

and shunted to ground by approximately200 pF.

Dualbananajack connectorsat 0.750 inchspacing

with groundconnector additionally provided.

2-6 sequence from 200 pV to 200 V Range

selectionis manualor automatic. Autoranging time

is typically

1 second. Separate increase range

and decrease range indicators illuminatewhenever

input level does not fall within optimumwindow for

selected range.-For specified instrument

performancebothindicatorsmust beextinguished.

300 V peak, 200 V rms either input to ground or

differentially. Will recover without damage from

continuous overloadsof 120 V rrns or 200 V rrns

for 30 minutes on all ranges. For linear response,

peak inputvoltage must notexceed

times INPUT

LEVEL RANGE setting.

Typically 240dB to 300 kHz.

Volts, dBm (600 R), or dB ratio with push to set 0

dB reference. lnput rangedetermines display

range. Singleeffective range in dB modes with

0.1

dB resolution. Stored 0 dB referenceis unaffected

by subsequentchanges in mode or function.

Performance Requirement

100 k R k2%,each side to

ground

200 pV to 200 V in 10steps

250dB at 50 or 60 Hz for

common mode signals up to

one-half of selected input

range or 50 mV, whichever is

greater.

VOLTS

Within

k(2%+1

count)

Within

~(4%+2

counts)

dBm OR dB

RATIO

k0.3 dB

k0.5°/o~f

reading

0.5 dB

At least 300 kHz

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