Southwest Microwave 380 Manuel utilisateur

Southwest Microwave, Inc.

Security Systems Division

TECHNICAL MANUAL

MODEL 380

OUTDOOR MICROWAVE TRANSCEIVER

SOUTHWEST MICROWAVE, INC.

9055 S. McKemy Street

Tempe, Arizona 85284-2946

TEL (480) 783-0201

FAX (480) 783-0401

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................3

OPERATION.........................................................................................................................................................................3

THEORY ...............................................................................................................................................................................4

SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................................................................7

SITE PREPARATION..........................................................................................................................................................8

LOCATION OF TRANSCEIVERS......................................................................................................................................9

MULTIPLE UNIT INSTALLATIONS..............................................................................................................................11

MOUNTING........................................................................................................................................................................13

POWER WIRING ...............................................................................................................................................................14

CONNECTIONS.................................................................................................................................................................15

ALIGNMENT AND TEST.................................................................................................................................................16

PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................17

OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................................................................18

WARRANTY AND RETURN INFORMATION..............................................................................................................18

NOTE: This manual is for Models 380 and 380-33453 March 2003

INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________

Model 380 Outdoor Microwave Transceiver incorporates state-of-the-art technology and innovative electronic circuitry

to provide reliable detection in the outdoor environment. A unique continuously variable Range Cutoff (RCO) circuit

allows maximum detection range to be established independently of object size, thereby eliminating alarms caused by

large objects beyond the desired detection range. Model 380 is also equipped with Zero Range Suppression (ZRS)

circuitry that reduces sensitivity to small objects very close to the transceiver so that alarms due to rain or vibration are

minimized.

Model 380 includes synchronization and addressing circuitry that enables simultaneous operation of up to 16 units

without mutual interference. The Model 380 is also built with staggered RF frequencies (Channel A and B) to help

minimize mutual interference. Model 380 may be mounted to a variety of posts or wall structures by means of its

universal-mounting bracket. A military style multi-pin connector, at the rear of the transceiver housing, permits remote

monitoring and diagnostics of critical system parameters.

OPERATION_________________________________________________________________

Model 380 includes both transmitter and receiver in a single enclosure. The transmitter radiates microwave energy that

is reflected back into the receiver by objects within the detection zone. The observed detection zone is established by

two controls - Sensitivity and Range. Figure 1A shows the zone of detection (horizontal pattern) for an upright man

when Model 380 is mounted 2.5 feet (.75 meters) above smooth earth with its beam oriented parallel to the ground. The

Range control adjusts the maximum range of the system and the Sensitivity control primarily adjusts the width. Figure

1B shows the vertical pattern for the same configuration, note that the detection zone does not extend into the small area

immediately under Model 380.

This area varies with the Sensitivity setting as shown in Figure 2. In order to provide uninterrupted detection of a man

walking or crawling on his hands and knees, an additional unit must provide overlap protection such as shown in Figure

3. Detection of a man crawling "commando-style" may require additional overlap or special site preparation.

Sensitivity should always be adjusted to the absolute lowest setting that will meet site security requirements. Excessively

high sensitivity may cause nuisance alarms from high grass, small birds or windblown debris in the detection zone.

Model 380 responds to any motion within the detection zone.

Figure 1 - Model 380 Detection Pattern

SENSITIVITY MINIMUM

SENSITIVITY MAXIMUM

ACTIVE

DETECTION

PATTERN

CUTOFF

RCO

CONTINUOUSLY

VARIABLE

50' MIN 200' MAX

(3.4m)

(15m) (122m)

A) HORIZONTAL PATTERN

B) VERTICAL PATTERN

15' MAX

PATTERN

HEIGHT

THEORY_____________________________________________________________________

A microwave transceiver transmits microwave energy into the detection zone, and objects in the zone reflect energy

back to its receiver. Whenever an object is moving, the Doppler effect shifts the frequency of its reflection and the

transceiver generates an alarm whenever it detects a frequency shift in the reflected energy. The size of a frequency-

shifted reflection that will cause alarms is varied by the Sensitivity control causing the detection zone for any particular

object to vary as shown in Figure 1. Note that Figure 1 applies to an upright walking man. The detection zone for a

large object such as a truck would be larger and for a small object such as a man, crawling would be smaller.

In Model 380, the transmitter is periodically turned on and off, but the receiver is turned on only for a short period after

the transmitter is turned on. Because microwave energy always travels at nearly the speed of light, elapsed time between

transmission and reception provides an accurate measurement of range (distance) from Model 380 to whatever object is

being illuminated. By turning the receiver on only during the period corresponding to maximum desired range,

reflections from objects beyond this range are ignored, even if the reflections are very large. In Model 380, the range

control determines the time that the receiver observes the reflections and thus sets the maximum (RCO) distance as

shown in Figure 1.

Reflections from small objects such as raindrops very near the transceiver are frequently as large as reflections from a

man in the detection zone. Model 380 overcomes this problem by transmitting two different microwave frequencies on

alternate transmitter pulses. Because each object reflects two different frequencies, the receiver can determine the

distance to each object. At zero range (in the vicinity of the radome), the phase difference between the two frequencies

is approximately zero. By combining the two Doppler signals in a difference amplifier, the gain is reduced significantly.

In order to insure a continuous perimeter, it is necessary to provide sufficient overlap so that the dead zone immediately

below and behind the sensor is protected. Figures 2 and 3 show required overlap information.

Figure 2 - Required Overlap vs. Sensitivity

MIN 1/2 MAX

DEAD ZONE

SENSITIVITY

REQUIRED OVERLAP

(2.5 foot (0.8m) mounting height)

40' (12.2m)

30' (9.1m)

20' (6.1m)

10' (3.0m)

5' (1.5m)

50' (15.2m)

MAXIMUM SECURITY

MINIMUM SECURITY

Figure 3 - Overlap of Model 380 Detection Zone

Figure 4 shows a block diagram of Model 380. Logic pulses generated by the synchronization phase-locked loop (PLL)

and the associated counter and 4-bit comparator provide the command for turning the transmitter on and off at a

prescribed rate, and at one of 16 unique periods of time or addresses. A signal is also derived for switching the

transmitter alternately between the two frequencies required for Zero Range Suppression.

The Range control sets the delay generated logic functions initiated by the turn on of the transmitter.

The transmitter is a cavity stabilized fundamental GUNN oscillator that provides 32 milliwatts (peak) of microwave

power. Most of the oscillator power is transmitted into space by the parabolic antenna, but a small portion is mixed with

the reflected signal and is coupled to a microwave detector within the antenna assembly. The detector is a Schottky

diode that extracts the Doppler shift frequency from the reflected microwave energy.

OVERLAP AREA

Overlap Area

The Doppler signal is amplified and then gated to one of two sample and hold amplifiers. The amplifiers are selected by

means of S1 and S2 and are switched coincident with the alternate transmitter frequencies. SI and S2 are held closed for

a period of time determined by the range cut-off circuit. Range gating is accomplished by turning on the switch at the

same time the transmitter is activated. The switch is then opened at a time selected by the range cut-off circuit so that the

information entering the receiver due to targets outside the range cut-off are not processed. The sampling capacitors

following the switches hold their charge when the switches are opened. This provides a means for reconstructing each

signal after it is sampled.

At the differential amplifier input, the phase between channels is a function of distance to the target and separation of the

two transmitter frequencies. Signals arriving from RCO distance are out of phase while signals from zero distance are in

phase. Thus, amplifier output is large for signals from RCO distance and small for signals from zero distance.

The differential amplifier output is amplified by a factor established by the Sensitivity control and compared with

positive and negative voltage thresholds. Whenever the signal exceeds plus or minus one volt, a pulse is delivered to an

integrator. After a predetermined number of pulses have been stored, the integrator output voltage exceeds alarm

threshold and the alarm relay is de-energized for two seconds.

A test function is included in Model 380. When gated on by a +5 to +12 VDC command (at the terminal block), the test

function provides a phantom signal into the transmitter and receiver circuits to generate an alarm and test the entire 380

detection system.

Figure 4 - Block Diagram Model 380

4 BIT

COMP

ADDR

PLL

CTR

MASTER

OUTPUT

SLAVE

INPUT

1.0 uSec

AMP

SENS VL

ALARM

CKTS

THRESHOLD

LOW-PASS

FILTER

RCO

TIMING

RANGE

FbFa

OSC

VCO

DRIVER

Fc Fd

LOCK

RELAY

TB1-6

TB1-7

TB1-8

TB1-4

TB1-5

N.O.

COM

N.C.

COM

N.C.

ALARM

TB1-10

TB1-11

TB1-12

TB1-13

TB1-14

SUPPLY

VCO

SUPPLY

POWER

TB1-9

TB1-1

TB1-2

P1-A

POWER

P1-D

P1-B

+9V

+5V

+7V TEST

P1-F

P1-C

P1-E

LED

TAMPER

SWITCH

TB1-3 N.O.

ONE

SHOT

+5V

SYNC

ON OFF

LEADING

EDGE

DETECTOR

Model 380 is also equipped with an interference/tamper detection circuit. Should a metal container be placed over the

transceiver in an attempt to reduce the detection zone, the DC amplifier will detect a change in mixer peak output, and

after about 15 seconds an alarm will be generated.

The block diagram (see Figure 4) shows location for the various terminals and test points. Terminal block points are

designated TB while P indicates pin numbers for the military-style MS connector located at the rear of the transceiver.

MS connector test points may be conveniently monitored in the field by means of Model RM82 Performance Test Set.

SPECIFICATIONS____________________________________________________________

Equipment Supplied: Model 380 Outdoor Microwave Transceiver and universal swivel ball mounting bracket.

Detection Range: Variable from 50 ft (15m) to 200 ft (61m). This varies somewhat with site reflectivity.

Detection Width: Varies with range, 3 ft (0.91m) to 24 ft (7.3m). This varies somewhat with site reflectivity.

Target Size: 0.8 square meter (man/woman) walking, running or crawling on hands and knees. 0.2 square

meter (prone crawling man/woman) or 30cm metal sphere may be detected at a maximum

range of 150 feet (45.8m) with special site preparation.

Target Velocity: 0.2 ft/sec to 26 ft/sec (.06m/sec to 7.9m/sec).

Probability of Detection 0.99 minimums on 0.8 square meter target based on equipment S/N ratio.

Self-Supervision: 1) Antenna blockage causes constant alarm.

2) Remote test checks entire transceiver circuit.

Range Cut-Off: Targets will not be detected beyond a field-selected range (50 to 200 feet ± 10%).

Modulation: 3.12% duty cycle pulsed at 32 kHz ± 10%.

Internal Clock: 1 kHz ± 5%.

Sync Selection: Internal or external.

Output Power: Transmitter output power is 32 milliwatts peak at 24.125 GHz ± 50 MHz (USA).

Spurious Emissions: Conforms to F.C.C. Regulation Part 15 (USA).

DC Input: 11.0 to 14.0 VDC, 160mA nominal multiplex disabled, 220mA multiplex operational (master unit).

Alarm Relay Contacts: SPDT-Form C, 2 amps at 28 VDC.

Tamper Switch: SPDT, 2 amps, at 28 VDC.

LED Indicators: 1) Power "ON"

2) Alarm

3) Lock

Remote Monitor: External MS connector for connection of RM82 Performance Test Set.

Operating Environment: -30°F to +150°F (-35°C to +66°C). 0 - 100% relative humidity

Shipping Weight: 10 lbs (4.5 kg) total.

Dimensions:

Figure 5

SITE PREPARATION__________________________________________________________

Clear the detection zone of trees, bushes, tall grass and all other objects that may obstruct, move, shake or vibrate. See

Figure 6. Detection zone for very large objects such as trees or trucks may be larger than the detection zone for man.

Figure 6

Level hills and ditches so that detection zone is flat to within six inches (15cm). For detection of prone crawling target,

detection zone should be flat to within three inches (8cm). Sharp hills or ditches may shadow an intruder. Provide good

drainage. Large puddles may cause nuisance alarms. Surface of the zone may be any stable, reasonably smooth material

such as concrete, asphalt, earth or gravel. Grass or vegetation must be kept cut to maximum of three inches (8cm) high.

See Figure 7.

3.5 in.

(8.9cm)

MAX TILT

ANY DIRECTION

Mounting Holes

4.5 in (11.4cm)

2.3 in (5.9cm)

6.0 in.

(15.2cm)

10.6 in.

(27cm)

Dia.

Figure 7

Be aware that large fixed objects reflect microwave energy and distort the detection zone. See Figure 8.

Figure 8

When installing Model 380 inside buildings, do not illuminate fluorescent lights. Flickering lights may cause nuisance

alarms. Be aware that detection zone pattern may penetrate windows, thin wooden doors or partition walls.

LOCATION OF TRANSCEIVERS_______________________________________________

Model 380 is normally mounted about 30 inches (76cm) above ground on a post and pointed parallel to the ground to

provide detection zone of Figure 1.

Always locate Model 380 inside a controlled access area to prevent nuisance alarms from random foot traffic, vehicles

or animals. Select locations, which provide protection from accidental damage as well as from tampering. Often simple

bumper guards will prevent damage from vehicles. See Figure 9.

Normal Detection Pattern Distorted Detection Pattern

Figure 9

When Model 380 is used inside a fence always orient the beam so that the detection zone does not include the fence

itself because the fence may move with high winds and cause nuisance alarms. Note that Model 380's range cutoff

(RCO) capability makes possible a variety of locations, but caution must be observed along the sides of the detection

zone to prevent alarms from large moving objects such as trucks which may pass inside the RCO distance. See Figure

10.

Figure 10

RCO DISTANCE

BUMPER GUARDS

DO DON'T

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