Sound Technology 1700B Manuel utilisateur

SOUND TECHNOLOGY

1400

Dell

Avenue

Campbell,

CA

95008

Tel:

(408)

378-6540

Telex:

357445

SOUND TECHNOLOGY

MODEL 17008

DISTORTION MEASUREMENT

SYSTEM

5-

T

Model

7700

Series

U.

S.

Patents:

3940775,

3978407,

4032857

Manual

Part

Number:

7900-0001

Manual

printed

in

U.S.A.

Copyright

July

1979

WARRANTY

All

new

Sound

Technology

products

are

warranted

against

defects

in

materials

and

workmanship

for two

years

from

the

date

of

delivery.

Any

instrument

or

component

that

is

found

to

be

defective

within

the

warranty

period

after

exami-

nation

by

Sound

Technology

or

an

authorized

representative

thereof

will

be

repaired

or

replaced

without

charge

for

labor

or

material.

No

other

warranty

is

expressed

or

implied.

We

are

not

liable

for

consequential

damages.

Before

returning

a

product

to

Sound

Technology

for

service,

authorization

must

be

obtained

from

the

factory.

For

products

not

covered

by

the

warranty,

a

purchase

order

should

be

forwarded

to

avoid

unnecessary

delay.

Please

include

instrument

model

number

and

serial

number

with

all

requests

for

parts

or

service

to faci I

itate

the

fastest

possible

response.

All

products

returned

to

the

factory

must

be

shipped

prepaid.

For

products

under

warranty,

Sound

Technology

will

pay

for

shipment

back

to

the

customer.

fSl

SOUND

L!:J

TECHNOLOGY

MANUAL

CHANGES

CHANGE SECTION 5 -

PARTS

LISTS -

AS

FOLLOWS:

1.

Page

5-1,

Parts

List:

AC

receptacle

(P/N:

3110-0000)

replaced

by

Line

Filter

(P/N:

3110-0005).

2.

Page

5-2,

Parts

List,

Oscillator:

R40

same

as

R8

(P/N:

1100-0051).

R34

now

392K,

1%

(P/N:

1016-3392).

RS

(500

ohm

trimpot)

now

P/N:

1410-0015.

R20 (SK

trimpot)

now

P/N:

1410-0017.

R7

(1M

trimpot)

now

P/N:

1410-0020.

3.

Pages

5-2/5-3,

Parts

List,

THD

Analyzer:

U108

same

as

U106

(P/N:

0100-0001).

U105

now

type

2605

grade

6

(P/N:

0100-0014).

R213

now

18.2K,

1%

(P/N:

1015-2182).

R203

now

120

ohms,

5%

{P/N:

1100-0120).

R359

now

750

ohms,

5%

{P/N:

1100-0750).

R167

and

R173

same

as

R130

{P/N:

1100-3100).

R170

same

as

R149 {P/N:

1100-4100).

R157

etc.

and

R354 {100

ohm

trimpot)

now

P/N:

1410-0013.

R146

etc.

{1K

trimpot)

now

P/N:

1410-0016.

R129

etc.

(lOOK

trimpot)

now

P/N:

1410-0019.

R351 (20K

trimpot)

now

P/N:

1410-0018.

C151

same

as

C107

{P/N:

2000-0027).

C211

now

68

pf,

5%

{P/N:

2000-0068).

Entry

for

P/N:

2040-0000

{.01

uf)

should

read:

C140,

141,219,

220,329,330,335,336.

4.

Page

5-3,

Parts

List,

Power

Supply:

R610

same

as

R604 {P/N:

1015-1422).

R609

same

as

R602

{P/N:

1015-1464).

R606

now

1.5K,

1%

{P/N:

1015-1150).

R607

now

9.09K,

1%

{P/N:

1015-1909).

R603

and

R614 {500

ohm

trimpot)

now

P/N:

14HY-0015.

5.

Page

S-3,

Parts

List,

Anal

Freq

3rd

Digit:

R67

now

392K,

1%

{P/N:

1016-3392).

R66

now

523K,

1%

{P/N:

1016-3523).

R65

now

806K,

1%

{P/N:

1016-3806).

R61

now

1.15M,

1%

(P/N:1016-4115).

R60now

1.33M,

1%

{P/N:1016-4133).

R59and

R64

now

1.58M,

1%

{P/N:

1016-4158).

R58

now

2M,

1%

{P/N:

1016-4200).

R57

now

2.67M,

1%

{P/N:

1016-4267).

R56

now

4.02M,

1%

{P/N:

1016-4402).

R55

now

8.06M,

1%

(P/N:

1

016-4806).

6.

Page

5-3,

Parts

List,

Osc

Freq

3rd

Digit:

R140, R149

now

392K,

1%

{P/N:

1016-

3392). R139, R148

now

523K,

1%

{P/N:

1016-3523).

R138, R147

now

806K,

1%

(P/N:

1016-3806).

R137, R146

now

1.58M,

1%

{P/N:

1016-4158).

7.

Page

S-3,

Parts

List,

Input

Switch:

R140

same

as

R103 {P/N:

1005-1698).

R119

now

909K,

1%

{P/N:

1016-3909).

8.

Page

5-3,

Parts

List,

Ratio

Switch:

C325

now

35

uf

(P/N:

2100-0023).

MODEL

1700B

MANUAL

CHANGE

INFORMATION

1.

The

Sound

Technology

Model

17008

incorporates

two

design

refinements

not

found

on

the

1700A: a

front

panel

SIGNAL

OFF

switch,

and

an

ANALYZER

SELECT

switch.

The

functions

of

these

switches

are

as

follows:

a.

SIGNAL

OFF:

When

depressed,

this

switch

replaces

the

front

panel

SIGNAL

OUTPUT

jack

with

a

floating

short

circuit.

This

enables

the

user

to

make

signal-to-

noise

ratio

measurements

without

the

necessity

of

dis-

connecting

cables.

b.

ANALYZER

SELECT:

When

depressed,

this

switch

isolates

the

INPUT

connectors,

and

allows

the

17008

to

monitor

the

signal

appearing

at

the

SIGNAL

OUTPUT

jack.

The

user

may

then

select

either

VOLTS/POWER

to

measure

the

voltage

output,

or

DISTORTION

to

measure

the

residual

distortion

of

the

output

signal.

2.

Late

production

versions

of

the

17008

incorporate

two

rear

panel

connectors

to

faci

I

itate

interconnections

be-

tween

the

1700B

and

the

Sound

Technology

Model

1200A

Stereo

Test

Panel.

These

connectors

are:

EXT

Fl

LTERS

and

SYNC

OUT;

their

use

is

fully

explained

in

the

1200A

Instruction

Manual.

3.

With

the

exception

of

the

added

switches

and

connec-

tors

as

described

above,

the

balance

of

this

manual

is

fully

usable

with

either

the

1700A

or

the

17008.

IMPORTANT

THE

PUSHBUTTON

SWITCHES

ARE

PERMANENTLY

LUBRICATED.

AP-

PLICATION

OF

ANY

LUBRICANT

OR

CONTACT

CLEANER

WILL

SHORTEN

THEIR

OPERATIONAL

LIFE.

Section

I

II

CONTENTS

OPERATION.

• • . • • • • • • • • • •

1-1.

SCOPE

OF

SECTION

• • . • •

1-2.

INTRODUCTION

••••.••

1-3.

INPUT

POWER

REQUIREMENTS

•

1-4.

POWER

CABLE.

• . • • • • •

1-5.

CONTROLS

AND

INDICATORS

••

1-6.

TEST

SETUP

• • • • •

••.•••

1-10

1-18.

1-7.

Power

Connections.

1-8.

Ground

Connections

1-9. Signal Connections

•••

OPERATING

PROCEDURES

• • • •

1-11. Test Connections

•••••••••.

1-12.

Meter

Zero

Mechanical

Adjustment •

1-13. Distortion

Measurement

•••••..•..•.

1-14. Distortion

Measurement

with External Oscillator

..

1-15.

AC

Voltage/Power

Measurement

••..

1-16.

AC

Voltage

Measurement-Extended

Range

...••

1-17. Voltage Ratio

Measurement

•••••..••.•

AUDIO

MEASUREMENTS

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . •

1-19.

Maximum

Power

Output

at

Rated

Total

Harmonic

1-20.

1-21.

Distortion

at

1

kHz

••.••.••.

Power

Bandwidth

••••.••••..

Hum

and

Noise/Signal-to-Noise Ratio.

PRINCIPLES

OF

OPERATION.

• • • • • . . •

2-1.

INTRODUCTION

• • • • • • • • • •

2-2.

DISTORTION

ANALYZER

••••••

2-3.

General

Description.

2-4. Buffer Amplifier

•••

2-5. Overload Detector

••

2-6.

Notch

Filter

•••••••••••.

2-7. Distortion Amplifier

and

Attenuator

•••

2-8.

Amplitude

Null

Control

•••

2-9.

Phase

Null

Control

••

2-10.

Sum-Point

Buffer •

2-11.

Tuning

Indicator •

2-12.

Filters

•.••••

2-13. Function Switches.

2-14.

AC

Meter

•••••

2-15.

OSCILLATOR

• • • • • • • •

••

Page

•

1-1

• .

1-1

•

1-1

• •1-1

•

1-1

•

1-1

•

1-3

•

1-3

.1-3

•1-3

• •

1-5

•

1-6

.

1-6

.1-6

.

1-7

.

1-7

.1-8

•

1-9

•

.1-9

.

1-9

•1-10

•

••

2-1

.2-1

.2-2

•

.2-2

•

.2-2

.2-3

.2-4

•

••

2-4

.2-4

2-16.

General

Description.

• • • •

.2-4

2-17.

Oscillator

Circuit

••

2-18.

Amplitude

Control

••

2-19.

POWER

SUPPLY

•••••••.••

2-20.

General

Description.

2-21. Input

Circuit

••

2-22. +

15

Vdc

Supply

.•••

2-23. -

15

Vdc

Supply. • • •

.2-4

.2-6

.

.2-6

.2-7

Section

III

IV.

v.

CONTENTS,

Continued

MAINTENANCE.

• • . . • . • .

3-1.

INTRODUCTION

•..

3-2.

TEST

EQUIPMENT

• . • • • •

3-3.

PERFORMANCE

CHECK

••.•••••••••••

3-17.

3-18.

3-4. General Information

•••••••

3-5. Overall

System

Check

3-6. Distortion Test

.•.•••••

3-7.

Circuit

Common

Isolation

Check

3-8.

Oscillator

Check

••••••

3-9. Frequency Test

••.•••

3-10. Distortion Test

.•••••

3-11. Distortion Analyzer

Check

••

3-12.

dB

Volts Test

••.••

3-13. Volts

Power

Test

••••••

3-14.

Filters

Test

•.•••••

3-15. Residual

Noise

Test

•••••••••••

3-16.

Common

Mode

Rejection

Test.

ADJUSTMENT

AND

CALIBRATION

PROCEDURE

• •

•••••

OSCILLATOR

SECTION

• • . . • • • • • • • • • • •

Page

•••••

3-1

.3-1

.

3-1

.3-1

•

3-1

•

3-1

.

3-1

• •3-3

.3-3

• .3-4

.3-4

• .3-4

.3-4

.3-5

• .

3-5

.3-6

•

3-6

•3-6

.3-7

3-19.

+15

Volt Adjustment

••••.••••••••••

• .3-7

3-20. Photocell

AC

Voltage Adjustments

••••••••

• •

3-7

3-21.

Oscillator

Integrator Voltage

Change

Adjustment

••

• • •

3-7

.3-7

.3-8

3-22.

Oscillator

Integrator Output

and

Adjustment

••

3-23.

Oscillator

XlOOO

Frequency

Range

Adjustment

•••

3-24.

3-29.

3-30.

3-31.

3-32.

ANALYZER

SECTION

• • • • • . • • • . • • • • . • •

3-25.

De

Zero

Adjustment

•••.••••.•••

3-26.

Null

Adjustment

•.••••••••.•••

3-26A.

Phase

Null

Integrator Voltage Adjustment •

3-27.

Tuning

Indicator Adjustment

•••..••

3-28. Calibration

at

1

kHz

••••••••••

TROUBLESHOOTING.

• • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • •

SYMPTOM/CAUSE

TABLE

.•...••••••••••••

COMPONENT

REPLACEMENT

-

CALIBRATION

and

ADJUSTMENT

• •

REPLACEMENT

and

REPAIR

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

• .3-8

.3-8

• • • •

3-9

.3-9a

• .3-10

• •3-10

• •3-11

3-33. Special Precautions. •

•••

• •3-11

•

3-12

.3-12

3-34. Contamination. •

•••

3-35.

3-36.

3-37.

WIRir~G

• . • • • • • • • . • • •

•••••••

3-41.

DIAGRAMS

4-1.

4-2.

4-3.

SOLDERING

TECHNIQUES

.•••

COMPONENT

REPLACEMENT

••..

3-38. Multi-Lead

Devices

•

3-39. Potentiometers

..

3-40.

Power

Supply

• . .

FREQUENCY

MODULE

REPAIR.

. . •

3-42. General

.•••..•

3-43.

Removal/Replacement

••

3-44. Repair

Instructions.

INTRODUCTION

. . . . . . . .

SCHEMATIC

DIAGRAMS

. . . . .

COMPONENT

LOCATION

DIAGRAMS.

SPARE

PARTS.

• • . . . • • . .

5-l.

INTRODUCTION

•••.•

5-2.

ORDERING

INFORMATION

••

5-3

PARTS

LIST

.•

.

• .3-12

•

3-12

.3-12

•

3-12

•

••••

3-15

•

••..

3-15

•

3-15

.

3-15

•

••

3-15

•

••.•

3-15

• •

3-17

• .4-1

•.

4-1

.4-1

•

•.

5-l

.

5-1

.5-1

1-1.

SCOPE

OF

SECTION

I

OPERATION

The

section contains information

and

instructions

necessary for the operation of the

Sound

Technology

Model

1700A

Distortion

Measurement

System. Included are

power

requirements,

cabling information

and

operating

instructions.

1-2.

INTRODUCTION

The

Model

1700A

Distortion

Measurement

System

combines

an

ultra-low

distortion

os-

cillator,

a high-resolution automatic-measuring

distortion

analyzer,

and

an

accurate

ac

voltage/power meter in

one

instrument. Pushbutton operation permits the operator to

quickly

measure

voltage

or

power,

set

level,

and

then

measure

distortion.

The

oscillator

section provides a pure

sine

wave

signal for

testing

from

10

Hz

to

110

kHz.

Amplitude

is

variable

from

3 volts to

less

than 1

mV.

The

analyzer section contains a tracking notch

filter

which

is

always tuned to the os-

cillator

frequency.

The

analyzer measures

total

harmonic

distortion

with a

sensitivity

ran-

ging

from

100%

to

.01%

full

scale,

with automatic nulling

on

all

ranges. Active

filters

may

be

selected

for

low

frequency

and

high frequency noise suppression, enhancing the measure-

ment

resolution.

A

differential

front

end

rejects

common-mode

noise.

The

ac

voltage/power meter inherent in the analyzer measures

ac

voltage,

or

power

ac-

ross

an

8-ohm

external load.

The

measurement

range for

ac

voltage

is

3

mV

to

300

V

full

scale

(30

~V

to 1

mV

in Extended

Range

Para. 1-16)

and

for

power

is

1

~W

to

10

kW

full

scale.

Voltage

ratio

measurements with a

100

dB

or

more

of

dynamic

range

can

also

be

made.

1-3.

INPUT

POWER

REQUIREMENTS

The

Model

1700A

System

may

be

operated

from

either

a 95-125

volt

or

200-250

volt

50

to 60Hz

power

source. A two-position

selector

switch

on

the

rear

panel

selects

the

power

source. Before connecting the instrument to the

power

outlet,

check

that

the

selector

switch

setting

matches the

nominal

line

voltage

of

the source.

The

Model

1700A

System

is

protected

from

ac

power

overloads

by

a fuse (lA, fast-blown)

located in a

cartridge-type

fuse holder

on

the

rear

panel.

1-4.

POWER

CABLE

The

International Electrotechnical

Commission

(IEC)

recommends

that

instrument panels

and

cabinets

be

grounded to

protect

operating

and

servicing personnel.

The

Model

1700A

system

is

equipped with a three-conductor

power

cable assembly which,

when

plugged into the

appropriate

outlet,

grounds the

unit

through the

round

offset

pin.

1-5.

CONTROLS

AND

INDICATORS

The

data sheet

at

the

front

of

the

manual

illustrates

and

describes

briefly

the

Model

1700A

Distortion

Measurement

System's front panel controls

and

indicators.

The

following

provides additional explanatory information:

a.

POWER

ON

switch connects

ac

power

to

Model

1700A

System.

Pilot

lamp

glows

when

instrument

is

turned

ON.

b.

+INPUT

and

-INPUT

terminals

--

Provide connections

for

signal being measured.

c.

GND

(rfJ)

terminal Provides connection

to

chassis ground.

d.

c~

(~)

terminal Provides connection to

circuit

common.

e.

VOLTS/POWER

pushbutton--

Selects Volts

or

Power

measurement

function.

1-1

f.

INPUT

switch

--

Selects

full

scale

meter range

for

Volts

or

Power

measurement

function.

Readings are in

volts

rms

or watts.

g.

OVERLOAD

indicator

--

Indicator

is

lit

when

input signal overloads input

buffer.

This

warns

operator

that

Volts or

Power

measurement

is

no

longer accurate.

h.

i .

j.

k.

l.

m.

n.

o.

p.

q.

r.

s.

t.

SET

LEVEL

pushbutton

--

Selects Set

Level

function

whereby

meter displays reference

signal level

for

Distortion

or

Ratio measurement.

SET

LEVEL

ADJUST

--

Adjusts reference signal level for Distortion or Ratio measure-

ment.

When

control

is

set

to

CAL

position

(max.

counterclockwise),

RATIO

ranges

ex-

tend voltage measurement

capability

to

30

~V

full

scale (Paragraph 1-16).

DISTORTION

pushbutton

--

Selects Distortion

measurement

function.

dB

VOLTS

pushbutton

--

Selects Ratio

measurement

function.

RATIO

Switch

--Selects

full

scale

meter range for Distortion

and

Ratio measurement

functions.

Readings

are

in percent

or

dB.

NOTCH

FREQUENCY

indicators--

Facilitate

tuning

when

using

an

external

oscillator.

When

LOW

indicator

is

lit,

Model

1700A

System

frequency

is

low

with respect to in-

coming

signal,

when

HIGH

indicator

is

lit,

Model

1700A

System

frequency

is

high with

respect to incoming

signal.

System

is

correctly

tuned

when

both

indicators are

extinguished.

(It

is

normal

for

one

of these indicators

to

glow

when

there

is

no

input

to

the

1700A.)

SIGNAL

COMMON

switch

--

Switches

circuit

common

from

chassis ground, breaking

ground

loops.

FLOAT

position

floats

(disconnects)

circuit

common

of

System

from

chassis

ground; Chassis

Ground

(r,h) position connects

circuit

common

of

System

to chassis

ground.

FILTERS

--

400Hz pushbutton

selects

a

filter

which

suppresses low-frequency noise

(such as

60

Hz

hum)

below

400

Hz.

80

kHz

pushbutton

selects

a

filter

which

suppresses

high-frequency noise

above

80

kHz.

The

80

kHz

filter

also reduces

effects

of

AM

radio

station

pickup.

Both

filters

affect

meter reading only

on

Distortion

and

Ratio

measurement

functions.

They

do

not

affect

meter reading

on

Volts/Power,

and

Set

Level

measurement

functions.

The

400

Hz

filter

is

usable with fundamental frequencies

down

to

400

Hz

when

making

distortion

measurements.

METER

--

Indicates signal level

of

measurement

selected

by

Function pushbutton.

DISTORTION

OUTPUT

BNC

connector

--

Provides

distortion

product

of

signal being analyzed

(suitable

for

viewing

on

oscilloscope)

on

Volts/Power, Set Level,

and

Distortion

measurement

functions.

On

Ratio

measurement

function,

this

output provides a scaled

version

of

input

signal.

Output

is

31.6

mV

full

scale.

FAST

RESPONSE/LOW

DISTORTION

switch

--Selects

operating

mode

of

oscillator.

FAST

RESPONSE

causes

oscillator

amplitude to

settle

quickly

after

a frequency change.

This

mode

is

recommended

when

ultra-low

distortion

measurements are not required,

for

ex

amp

1e

when

making

frequency response measurements.

LOW

DISTORTION

se1

ects

full

ultra-low

distortion

capability

of

oscillator.

The

settling

time

in

this

mode

is

less

than 5 seconds. Actuation

of

FREQUENCY

pushbuttons generally causes

oscillator

to

go

first

to

FAST

RESPONSE

mode

and

then to

settle

in

LOW

DISTORTION

mode.

This

switch controls only the

oscillator

and

is

not connected to the

distortion

analyzer.

FAST

RESPONSE

indicator--

Indicates operating

mode

of

oscillator.

When

lit,

oscilla-

tor

is

in Fast Response

mode

and

does not

have

ultra-low

distortion.

FREQUENCY

pushbuttons --Simultaneously

select

oscillator

and

distortion

analyzer

fre-

quency.

Four

Multiplier

switches

and

30

Digit switches permit

3-digit

resolution

within each range. Frequency range of

Model

1700A

System

is

10

Hz

to 109.9

kHz.

One

button

in

each

row

must

be

depressed

at

all

times.

1-2

u.

OSCILLATOR

LEVEL

control

--Adjusts

amplitude of

oscillator.

Level

is

variable

from

3

volts

to

below

1

millivolt.

Control

is

single-turn logarithmic potentiometer.

v.

SIGNAL

OUTPUT

BNC

connector--

Provides

oscillator

output

signal.

Output

impedance

varies with

setting

of

OSCILLATOR

LEVEL

control

and

reaches a

maximum

of

625

ohms

at

mid-range.

w.

BUFFERED

INPUT

SIGNAL

BNC

connector (located

on

rear

panel)

--

Provides replica of

input signal being analyzed. This signal

is

referenced to

ground

and

intended to

be

connected to

an

oscilloscope.

1-6.

TEST

SETUP

In

order to ·take

full

advantage of the unique ultra-low

distortion

measuring cap-

abilities

of

the

Model

1700A

System

it

is

extremely imoortant

that

the cabling

between

the

Model

1700A,

the amplifier under

test,

and

other

test

equipment

be

connected in compliance

with the arrangement

shown

in Figure

1-1

and

described in the following paragraphs.

The

connections

and

controls

numbered

in Figure

1-1

are

similarly

identified

in the

test.

These

connections

have

been

found

to provide the

optimum

test

setup in

most

cases.

1-7.

POWER

CONNECTIONS

a.

Check

that

power

slide

switch

on

rear

panel

of

Model

1700A

is

set

to correct position

for

available

ac

power

(see Paragraph 1-3 for

details).

b.

Do

not

float

the

earth

ground

lead

of

the

power

cord of the

Model

1700A.

(The

dif-

ferential

input

makes

this

step unnecessary for breaking

ground

loops.)

c.

Plug

the

Model

1700A,

amplifier under

test

and

the oscilloscope

(if

used) closely to

each

other

into the

ac

power

bus.

1-8.

GROUND

CONNECTIONS

a.

Connect

Model

1700A

GND

(roh)

terminal (1) to

ground

terminal (chassis

ground)

of

am-

plifier

under

test.

NOTE

This reduces

common

mode

60-Hz

potential differences

and

provides a path to

ground

for

60-Hz

current

that

may

be

injected into the chassis

of

the amplifier

under

test

from

its

own

primary

power

circuits.

b.

Connect

oscilloscope

(if

used) to

BUFFEREDI~PUTSIGNAL

BNC

connector

(2)

on

rear

panel

of

Model

1700A

via cable (3).

NOTE

1. This output

is

from

the

differential

to single-ended converter in the

Model

1700A

which

provides a replica

of

the input

signal.

This signal

is

referenced to

ground.

2.

If

a

BNC

cable

is

not

used

for

this

connection, the oscilloscope

common

(low)

terminal

must

be

returned to the

Model

1700A

System

GND

(r,h)

terminal (1) via

a

direct

connection (4}.

c.

This completes the

ground

connections necessary for proper

Model

1700A

operation.

1-9.

SIGNAL

CONNECTIONS

CAUTION

CONNECTING

OSCILLATOR

OUTPUT

TO

A

HOT

CHASSIS

MAY

BLOW

FUSE,

F2

or

F3.

(Fuses located

on

bottom

of instrument. A

blown

fuse will

make

FLOAT

switch

ineffective

and

cause

hum

problems.)

DO

NOT

EXCEED

THE

INPUT

VOLTAGES

LISTED

BELOW

TO

PREVENT

BLOWING

FlOl

AND

Fl02.

With

Input

Range

Switch

--

3 V

and

Lower.

1.

300V

Below

60Hz

2.

50

V

Above

1

kHz

1-3

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