Siemens SENTRON Manuel utilisateur

SENTRON

Technology primer

Residual Current

Protective Devices

Preface

Whether for protecting, switching, monitoring or measuring – low-voltage

circuit protection devices from Siemens perform a wide range of functions

for all applications in the area of electrical installation technology. They

are suitable for use in residential buildings, non-residential buildings or

industrial applications and thus allow you to maintain control over all

electrical circuits.

This is especially important when it comes to selecting and installing the

appropriate residual current protective device. With this primer, we provide

you with a simple tool for perfectly adapting the respective residual

current protective device to the requirements of the electrical installation

in question. Apart from general information on residual current protective

devices, it contains important details regarding installation and use. You

can therefore be assured that you will always choose the right device.

1 Overview 6

2 Introduction 8

3 Protection through residual current protective devices 8

3.1 Additional protection

(previously „Protection against direct contact“) with IΔn ≤ 30 mA 9

3.2 Fault protection (protection against indirect contact) 12

3.3 Fire protection 13

4 Residual current protective devices 14

4.1 Types of residual current protective devices 14

4.1.1 Type AC 16

4.1.2 Type A 16

4.1.3 Type F 16

4.1.4 Type B 16

4.1.5 Type B+ 17

4.2 Classification of residual current protective devices 17

4.3 Basic design and method of operation 19

4.3.1 Type A RCCB 19

4.3.2 SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive RCCB Type B and Type B+ 21

4.4 Features and application areas 22

4.4.1 RCCB 22

4.4.2 RCBO (Type AC/Type A, Type F) 23

4.4.3 SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive RCCB Type B and Type B+ 26

4.4.4 SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive RCBO Type B und Type B+ 30

4.4.5 RC units for installation on miniature circuit breakers 31

4.4.6 SIGRES RCCB (for harsh ambient conditions) 31

4.4.7 Type

Ksuper-resistant 32

4.4.8 Type

Sselective 34

4.4.9 Versions for 50 to 400 Hz 35

4.4.10 Versions for 500 V operational voltage 35

4.4.11 Residual current operated circuit breaker with N-connection

on the left side 35

4.5 Additional components for residual current operated

circuit breakers 36

4.5.1 Remote controlled operating mechanism (RC) 36

Contents

4.5.2 Auxiliary switch 37

4.5.3 Additional components 37

5 Notes on installation and use 38

5.1 General notes 38

5.1.1 Selection of protective devices 38

5.1.2 Use of residual current protective devices 40

5.2 Choosing the right residual current protective device 42

5.2.1 Type A, Type F or Type B/ Typ B+? 43

5.2.2 What protection goal must be achieved? 43

5.2.3 What electrical interference occurs and how is it handled? 44

5.2.3.1 Leakage currents 44

5.2.3.2 High load currents 45

5.2.3.3 Overvoltages and surge current load 46

5.3 Special features regarding the use of SIQUENCE universal

current-sensitive residual current protective devices

(Type B and Type B+) 47

5.3.1 Applications 47

5.3.2 Residual currents at different fault locations, with a frequency

converter (FC) as an example 47

5.3.3 Configuration 52

5.3.4 Causes of excessive leakage currents and possibilities of

reducing them 53

5.4 Back-up protection 55

5.5 Protection against thermal overload 57

5.6 Troubleshooting 58

5.7 4-pole residual current operated circuit breakers in a

3-pole network 59

6 Residual current monitoring devices (RCM) 59

7 Outlook 61

8 Source specified 62

9 Appendix 63

10 List of figures and tables 74

Overview

Residual current operated circuit

breaker (RCCB)

SIQUENCE residual current

operated circuit breaker (RCCB)

SIQUENCE residual current operated

circuit breaker with overcurrent

protector (RCBO)

5SM3 / 5SV

• Type AC, Type A and Type F

•

n= 16 … 125 A

•

∆n = 10 mA … 1 A

• 2-pole (1+N) and 4-pole (3+N)

• N connection at left and right

• SIGRES for harsh ambient

conditions

• Version Kand S

• 500 V version

• 50 … 400 Hz version

5SM3

• Type B, Type B+

•

n = 16 … 80 A

•

∆n = 30, 300 and 500 mA

• 2-poe (1+N) and 4-pole (3+N)

• Version Kand S

• including SIGRES functionality

5SU1

• Type B, Type B+

•

n = 100 ... 125 A

•

∆n = 30, 300 mA and 1A

• 4-pole

• Circuit breaker characteristic

C and D

• Rated switching capacity 10 kA

• Version Kand S

1. Overview

RC unit for combination with a

miniature circuit breaker

RCBOs; combination units

Residual current monitoring

devices (RCM)

5SM2

• For mounting on a miniature

circuit breaker

• Combined electric shock and

line protection

• Type AC, Type A and Type F

•

n = 0.3 … 100 A

•

∆n = 10 mA … 1 A

• 2-, 3- and 4-pole

• Version Kand S

5SU1

• Combined electric shock and

line protection

• Type AC, Type A and Type F

•

n = 6 … 40 A

•

∆n = 10 … 300 mA

• Circuit breaker characteristic B and C

• Rated switching capacity 4.5 kA,

6 kA and 10 kA

• 1+N-pole, 2-pole

• N connection at right and left

5SV8

• Residual current monitoring

• Type AC and Type A

•

∆n = 0.03 ... 30 A

• Response time 0.02 ... 10 s

• Summation current transformer

20 ... 210 mm

Introduction

2. Introduction

When dealing with electricity, safety has top priority. Every electrician must be

particularly conscientious when safety is concerned and must apply the required

protective measures correctly. In consumer’s installations, residual current pro-

tective devices must be given unreserved preference over alternative protective

devices.

In addition to fault protection (protection in cases of indirect contact), residual

current protective devices with rated residual currents up to 30 mA also provide

“additional protection” in cases of direct contact. Fires caused by ground-fault

currents can also be prevented at a very early stage.

In many cases, the DIN VDE standards require the use of residual current protec-

tive devices. Electricians should therefore make sure that they are fully informed

about residual current protective devices.

In addition to information on the protective effect of residual current protective

devices, an understanding of how the devices function is also conveyed. In order

to optimally adapt the use of residual current protective devices to the require-

ments of the electrical installation, the functionality of the different versions of

residual current protective devices is discussed and the user is given practical

installation and application tips.

3. Protection through residual current protective devices

The basic prerequisite for use of a residual current protective device in order to

automatically disconnect the power supply as a protective measure is that an

appropriately grounded protective conductor is connected to the system com-

ponents and equipment to be protected. Current can then pass through a human

body only when two faults occur (interruption of the PE conductor in addition to a

fault in the insulation) or when there is unintentional contact between live parts.

Protection through residual current protective devices

3.1 Additional protection (previously „Protection against direct contact“)

with IΔn≤30mA

Additional protection is understood to mean protection which takes effect if there

is direct contact of a human body with a part normally live during operation in

the event of basic and/or fault protection failing. When a human body touches

live parts, two resistors connected in series determine the intensity of the  owing

current – the internal resistance of the human body Rmand the transfer resistance

of the location Rst ( gure1).

Direct contact

In² 30 mA

RBRst

Figure 1: Protection against direct contact

In order to consider the accident properly, the worst case scenario where the

transfer resistance of the location is near zero must be assumed.

The resistance of the human body depends on the current path and the contact

resistance of the skin. Measurements have shown e.g. approximately 1,000 Ω

for the  ow of current from hand to hand or from hand to foot. Under these

assumptions, a touch voltage of 230 V results in a dangerous shock current of

230 mA. Figure 2 shows the current intensity/exposure time curves in relation to

the physiological reactions of the human body. Dangerous current intensities and

exposure times are those which reach as far as zone 4, as they can cause death

due to ventricular  brillation. It also shows the tripping ranges of the residual

current protective devices with rated residual currents of 10 mA and 30 mA. It

also shows the maximum permissible tripping times according to VDE 0664-10.

As can be seen from the tripping curves, residual current protective devices do

not limit the intensity of the residual current but provide protection due to fast

disconnection of the power and therefore a minimal time of exposure to the

current.

Protection through residual current protective devices

Figure 2: Effects of 50/60 Hz alternating current on the human body

Protection against direct contact (additional protection) with IΔn≤30mA

Zone ①: Exposure is normally imperceptible.

Zone ②: There are generally no injurious effects or muscle spasms.

Zone ③: Muscle cramps can occur. There is normally no danger of

ventricular  brillation.

Zone ④: Ventricular  brillations may occur.

10 mA 30 mA

10.000

1.000

100

0,1 110 100 1.000 10.000

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