Sensl C Series Manuel utilisateur

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Overview

The C-Series SiPM sensors from SensL are based on a P-on-N diode

structure (Figure 1) that results in a high PDE (Photon Detection Efciency)

and sensitivity into the UV.

All C-Series SiPM sensors also feature SensL’s proprietary fast output

terminal (Figure 2), giving access to signals with extremely fast rise times

and short pulse widths.

C-Series SiPM products are available in either MicroSC (2-pin) or MicroFC

(3-pin) versions.

C-Series: Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

SensL’s C-Series low-light sensors feature an industry-leading low dark-count rate,

combined with high PDE and are available with SensL’s proprietary fast mode output.

Three sensor sizes are available; 1mm, 3mm and 6mm packaged in a variety of formats

including TO-can, ceramic header and 4-side tileable surface mount technology (SMT)

package. In addition, two evaluation boards are available with pre-mounted SMT

sensors to facilitate rapid product evaluation.

This User Manual covers all aspects of using and understanding the C-Series range of

sensors and evaluation boards. More details on the performance characteristics of the

C-Series sensors can be found in the C-Series datasheet.

Figure 2, Simplied microcell level

schematic of the C-Series SiPM.

Figure 1, P-on-N sensor structure

MicroSC

Although all C-Series SiPM sensors have the architecture

shown in Figure 2, MicroSC packaged products only

have two pins giving access to the anode and cathode.

The fast output is not accessible in MicroSC products.

MicroFC

MicroFC packaged products have three (or more) pins,

giving access to the fast output as well as the anode

and cathode. The fast output is the derivative of the

internal fast switching of the microcell in response to the

detection of a single photon.

C-Series

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Contents

Overview .......................................................................................................................................................1

Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................3

Biasing and Readout .....................................................................................................................................4

Fast Mode Biasing and Readout of MicroFC Sensors ...........................................................................4

Recommended Fast Mode Readout ............................................................................................4

Fast Output Amplication .............................................................................................................4

Recommended Fast Mode Biasing ..............................................................................................4

Standard Mode Biasing and Readout of C-Series Sensors ...................................................................6

Recommended Standard Mode Biasing .......................................................................................6

Recommended Standard Mode Readout and Amplication .........................................................6

Dual Mode Readout of MicroFC Sensors ..............................................................................................7

Readout of Arrays of SiPM Devices.......................................................................................................8

C-Series Mounted Sensors ............................................................................................................................9

MicroFC-SMA .......................................................................................................................................9

MicroFC-SMTPA .................................................................................................................................10

CAD and Solder Footprint Files ....................................................................................................................11

Handling and Soldering ...............................................................................................................................12

Safe Handling of Sensors....................................................................................................................12

Package Summary .............................................................................................................................12

SMT Package .....................................................................................................................................13

X18 Package ......................................................................................................................................14

X13 Package ......................................................................................................................................14

‘Not Connected’ (NC) Pads and Pins ..................................................................................................14

Further Help ................................................................................................................................................15

Appendix A - Biasing Alternatives & Signal Polarity ......................................................................................16

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Glossary

C-Series - A family of SiPM products based upon a P-on-N structure, featuring sensitivity into the UV.

FC - C-Series SiPM product that has at least 3 pins (or pads) accessible that include anode, cathode and the fast

output and can therefore be used in fast mode conguration.

SC - C-Series SiPM product that has only 2-pins accessible, giving access to the anode and cathode. The third

terminal (fast output) is not accessible, and so SC sensors can only work in standard mode.

Fast mode - Using the fast output signal from an FC product for improved timing or photon counting applications.

Standard mode - Using the signal from the anode and cathode for the readout of an SC or FC product where

timing performance is less critical.

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Recommended Fast Mode Biasing

The fast output is referenced to the cathode (substrate) of the SiPM. Therefore

the use of a negative bias voltage applied to the anode with cathode at 0V is

recommended, as in Figure 3. The fast mode signal polarity is positive. (If an

application requires the use of a positive bias, refer to the advice in Appendix A.)

Please refer to the C-Series datasheet for the operating over-voltage range.

The observed signals will be very fast, with rise-times ranging from 300ps to 1ns

and pulse widths of 600ps - 3ns (depending on sensor size). A typical output

pulse for a 3mm sensor (MicroFC-30035) is shown in Figure 4.

For all application circuits shown in this User Manual, it is recommended that a

bias voltage lter, such as the one shown in Figure 5, is used.

Alternative biasing schemes are discussed in Appendix A.

Figure 3, Recommended biasing

Biasing and Readout

Recommended Fast Mode Readout

Due to the extreme speed of the signals from the fast output,

care should be taken in the routing of the signal. Common

microwave/RF design rules, such as controlled impedance

microstrip lines, should be used. The capacitance of the fast

output electrode is much lower (of the order of 2-3pF for a

1mm device) than in a standard conguration. The lower

output capacitance does not typically allow the use of a

transimpedance amplier, and instead one can use an RF

style (50Wimpedance) solution including direct connection

to a coaxial cable. The 3mm and 6mm devices have higher

capacitance, so for best operation when connecting to an

oscilloscope or driving long wires, it is recommended that

the fast output be connected to an RF transformer such

as the RFXF9503 as in Figure 7. This provides impedance

matching, to improve amplitude and timing characteristics

of the pulse for 50W impedance. For 1mm devices the

capacitance is low enough to allow direct 50W connection as in Figure 6.

Another feature of the fast output electrode is that it is AC-coupled, with no DC component. However, if needed, one

can combine it with the standard output (see the next section) of the SiPM to incorporate DC information.

Fast Output Amplication

It is important to note that the signal charge injected into the fast output electrode is typically about 2% of the SiPM

charge generated during the avalanche. However, the pulse duration is approximately 100 times shorter, so the

current amplitude observed is about 0.02*100 = 2 times higher. This high current amplitude, in combination with the

signicantly lower output capacitance, make the device suitable for photon counting at very high speed (tens of MHz

and higher has been demonstrated in the lab).

For amplication of the fast signal it is recommended that a low noise 50W RF amplier be used. As with standard

readout, the level of gain required is dependent on the application. For applications with high photon counts it is

recommended that the Mini-Circuits ZX60-43S+ be used. For photon counting applications it is recommended

that the Mini-Circuits ZFL-1000LN+ be used. For PET applications it is possible to obtain both timing and energy

resolution information from the fast output, with the anode and cathode only used for biasing.

Figure 4, Fast mode output (red) of a MicroFB-SMA-30035

when illuminated with a 40ps laser pulse (Photek LPG-

405). ~2.5% of microcells are red in this pulse. Also

shown is part of the standard output pulse, which is shown

in full in Figure 9. Scope input = 50W.

Fast Mode Biasing and Readout of MicroFC Sensors

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Figure 7, Recommended fast SiPM readout circuitry for 3mm and 6mm MicroFC

sensors. Also shown is the recommended transformer part number and pin-out

labelling.

Figure 6, Recommended fast SiPM readout circuitry for 1mm MicroFC sensors.

Figure 5, Generic biasing lter, recommended for all circuits given in this User Manual.

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Standard Mode Biasing and Readout of C-Series Sensors

For applications that do not require fast timing from the MicroFC, or for the MicroSC products that do not give access

to the fast output signal, SensL’s C-Series sensors will perform as a conventional SiPM. For MicroFC products the

fast output terminal can be left open with no detriment to its standard mode performance. Standard mode signals

may be more suitable for applications involving slow pulses or slowly-varying, continuous light levels, such as in

luminometers or for gamma-ray spectroscopy with slow or low-light scintillators.

Recommended Standard Mode Biasing

Figure 8 below shows the standard mode biasing conguration. For MicroFC sensors the fast output electrode

is left open (unconnected). For all C-Series sensors read out in standard mode, the cathode should be held at a

positive bias with reference to the anode. It is recommended that the signal is taken from the side of the sensor held

at 0V. Reading out in this way yields a pulse that has a rise time of 1ns-10ns and a decay time of several hundred

ns (depending on sensor and microcell size). A typical standard mode output pulse shape is shown in Figure 9.

Alternative biasing schemes are discussed in Appendix A.

Recommended Standard Mode Readout and

Amplication

Figure 10 shows how the C-Series devices can be connected

to a standard high speed amplier, such as the OPA656, to

convert the standard mode output signal current to a voltage.

This technique is recommended for standard mode readout

of all SensL SiPM devices. In the case of MicroFC devices the

fast output can be left open.

Figure 8, Biasing for standard mode. The cathode

should be positive with respect to the anode, but

either a positive or negative bias can be used.

Figure 9, Standard output signal (blue) from a MicroFC-

SMA-30035 when illuminated with a 40ps laser pulse (Photek

LPG-405). ~2.5% of microcells are red in this pulse. Also

shown is the fast output (red) from the same pulse. Scope

input = 50W.







Figure 10, Example readout circuit for standard mode.

When the fast output is not in use it should

be left oating. Do not connect it to ground

or have any wires or cables connected to it.

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Dual Mode Readout of MicroFC Sensors

It is possible to read out both fast and standard outputs simultaneously from the sensor to obtain two separate

signals. This can be used for obtaining timing (fast output) and amplitude information (standard output) from separate

channels. This could be useful for applications such as PET (Positron Emission Tomography) where timing and

energy information are required from each photon pulse. Note that this is only possible with MicroFC sensors. AC

and DC coupled options for connecting the device for dual readout are shown in Figures 11 and 12.

Figure 12, AC coupled readout option.

DC information from the SiPM is lost

but the pulse amplitude is maintained

through the transimpedance amplier

(TIA).

Figure 11, DC coupled readout option.

The standard output is amplied

through a transimpedance amplier

(TIA).

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

Readout of Arrays of SiPM Devices

Many applications require the use of multiple sensors in the form of an array, such as the SensL ArrayC line of

products. Large arrays can pose a readout challenge due to the many channels of amplication and processing

that are required. Therefore, methods of reducing the number of channels are often employed in order to reduce the

readout requirements. Many examples of this can be found in the literature, and SensL has extensive experience in

developing solutions for array readout, as demonstrated by the Matrix family of products. A Tech Note is available

on the subject of large area array readout.

Figure 13, Third option for dual readout that is employed on the SensL -SMA and

-SMTPA evaluation boards. Further information on using a positive bias is given in

Appendix A.

A third option for simultaneous readout of the standard and fast outputs provides a DC coupled standard output signal, and

preserves the ability to read out the fast output. The decoupling capacitor from the cathode to 0V is critical to provide a return

path for the fast output. This circuit is used on the SensL -SMA and -SMTPA evaluation boards. SensL recommend the -Vbias

readout options from Figures 11 and 12 for most system designs. Alternative biasing schemes are discussed in Appendix A.

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

C-Series Mounted Sensors

Some C-Series sensors are available ready mounted on test boards, to allow for easy evaluation. The SMA and

SMTPA were designed for evaluation of fast output with a DC-coupled standard output. The SMA board is congured

for use with the circuit shown in Figure 13 and the SMTPA can also be congured in this way with the use of an

external decoupling capacitor and sense resistor. Note that the 3mm and 6mm versions of the SMA and SMTPA

have baluns at their fast outputs for signal shaping and impedance matching. The use of these boards is detailed in

the following sections.

MicroFC-SMA

The MicroFC-SMA-XXXXX product line (Figure 14) features either an SMT or X18 packaged SiPM sensor (type

specied by the XXXXX digits) soldered onto a small PCB board. The board is simple to use, having just three SMA

(female) connectors: one delivers the bias voltage (Vbias) and the other two provide the output signals: standard

output from the anode (Sout) and the fast output (Fout). The circuitry on the board is designed to bias the sensor in

such a way as to retain the optimum high-speed performance. A typical output pulse is shown in Figure 4 which was

taken from a MicroFC-SMA-30035. The circuitry used is as given in Figure 13 with the addition of a bias lter (Figure

5) and transformer on the fast output of the 3mm and 6mm versions (Figure 7). For the complete circuit schematics,

please consult the SMT Board Reference Design document. For links to the full CAD les, see page 11.

Output Connector Function Comments

Vbias Standard female

SMA connector

bias input (cathode) positive bias input

Fout fast output if unused can be left open

Sout standard output (anode) if unused can be left open

Table 1, SMA Connections

The MicroFC-SMA is recommended for users who require a plug-and-play set-up to quickly evaluate MicroFC

sensors with optimal timing performance. The board provides outputs which can be connected directly to the

oscilloscope or measurement device. The board also allows the standard output from the anode to be observed

at the same time as the fast output. Table 1 summarizes the connections to the SMA board. Each board has two

mounting holes to allow secure placement during testing, with sensors located at the edge of the board. This allows

two sensors to be placed in close proximity for coincidence timing measurements.

Figure 14, The MicroFC-SMA board: 3mm SMT version

Bias

Fast

output

SMT

sensor

Mounting

holes

Standard

output

USER MANUAL

C-Series Low Noise, Fast, Blue-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers

MicroFC-SMTPA

The C-Series SMT Pin Adapter board (SMTPA) is a small PCB board that houses the sensor and has through-hole

pins to allow its use with standard sockets or probe clips. This product is useful for those needing a quick way

to evaluate the SMT packaged sensors without the need for specialist surface-mount soldering. While this is a

‘quick x’ suitable for many evaluations, it should be noted that the timing performance from this board will not be

optimized and if the best possible timing performance is required, the MicroFC-SMA-XXXXX is recommended. The

pinout numbering is shown in Figure 15 and dened in Table 2. Please consult Appendix A for information on biasing.

The circuit schematic for the 3mm and 6mm versions is shown in Figure 16 and does not contain any on-board

decoupling on the bias line. Therefore, a bias lter, such as that in Figure 5, should be included on the bias line

before connecting to the relevant bias input pin (see Table 2). The output can be connected directly to an amplier or

50W load oscilloscope. The full electrical schematics are available to download in the SMT Board Reference Design

document.

Due to the presence of the pins on the SMTPA board, it is not optimal for evaluation testing where timing with the

fast output signal is critical. For evaluations where the timing performance of the fast output is critical, the use of the

SMA board is recommended.

The connectors from Samtec used are:

BBL-103-G-E

BBL-102-G-E

Compatible sockets from Samtec are:

SL-103-G-10

SL-102-G-10

Figure 16, SMTPA circuit schematic for the 3mm and 6mm board. The

1mm version does not have the balun.

MicroFC-SMTPA-XXXXX

Pin No. Connection

1 anode

2 fast output

3 cathode

4 ground

5 no connect

Figure 15, SMTPA pin numbering

Table 2, SMTPA board pin-outs

Table des matières

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