Olympus POS Manuel utilisateur
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL MODEL
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OUTSTANDING FEATURES
1. Simplicity in manipulation für maximum versatilities.
2. Most cümpetitive price für maximum applicatiüns.
3. Centering device für e~ch übjective (except für 4X)
4. Cümplete range üf extra accessüries
SPECIFICATIONS :
Stand: Ful1 size, balanced, permits 90-degree arm rrlovement.
Coarse focusing by rack and pinion.
Fine focusing by micrometer screw.
Stage: 140 mm in diameter, rotatable through 360° (verniers reading trom 6')
by means of clamp screw.
Mechanical Tube Length: 160 mm
Bertrand Lens: Swing-out type (by means of rotating handle), pre-centered.
Eyepieces: 5x, 7x (0.1 mm scale), 10x(cross-hair) with registration pin.
Objectives, Achromat: PS 4x1N. A. 0.10
PS 10x1N. A. 0.25 (wlcentering device)
PS 40x1N. A. 0.65 (wlcentering device)
Condenser: N. A. 1.20, iris diaphragm. Sliding mechanism to insert compensation lens,
N. A. 0.25 with compensation lens.
Polarizer: Rotatable through 90° (1 div. = 5°)
Analyzer: Rotatable through 90° (1 div. = 5°)
By meansof lever, the analyzer can be slid out of the optical path.
Test Plates: 114wave length retardation plate (mica). Tint plate of 530 mf.l (Gypsum)
Filter: Use a filter both as color compensation and daylight.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
1. Cross movement mechanical stage.
2. Berek-type compensation test plate.
3. Photomicrographic equipment PM-6.
4. Transparent illuminator LSD with
S. Plug-in substage lamp LSK.
6. Vertical illuminator LSP with
It should
Mirrar
The mirror attached to the lower part of the arm can be moved freely in any direction.
be so adjusted that it directs the light into the condenser.
Condenser
The lower lens can be slid out of the optical path, either to the right or to the left. When it
is in the optical path, the numerical aperture is 0.25, suited for the orthoscopic observation and
when it is out of it, the numerical aperture is 1.2, suited for conoscopic observation.
The polarizer can be rotated through 90° by means of alever ; the rotating scale is divided
into 5° calibration. When the polarizer is clicked into position at 0°, its oscillation is longitudinal.
The iris diaphragm can be adjusted by means of alever.
NOTE; When attaching the condenser to t.he body, t.he registration pin of the condenser must
first be fitted into the sleeve groove. The condenser is then pushed up as far as possible and
clamped to the body. Ot.herwise, the oscillation of the condenser ".ill be erratic. The condenser
sleeve is so designed that dark field condensers and phase cont.rast condensers produced by other
makers can be attached to the POS.
Rotatable stage
With an outer diameter of 142 mm, the stage rotates smoothly through 360° on a taper shank.
Furthermore, it can be clamped at any position. The vernier calibration is 6'. Four holes are pro-
vided for fitting the stage clips. For the stage round clips two holes are deviced, and for the
cross movement mechanical stage three holes are found on the surface of the stage.
Objectives
Strain-free obiectives are scre\,ed firmlv into holders.
4x IOx 40x
Magnification of objectives
0.25 0.65
0.10
Numerical aperture
5.13
Warkin,,: distance (mm) 19.97 0.37
The 10x and 40x objectives have centering scre\\"s. These screws center the objectives at the
rotational center of the stage. The centering scre,,"s are inserted from the right side of the tube.
They are then turned 90° to the left.
holrler centerinf! handle
centering scre\\"
PS 4x PS 1Ox PS 40x
4
Test Plates
The test plates comprise a 1/4 ,vave length plate (mica 147mf1) and tint plate (gypsum 530 mf1).
These plates, which are used for checking the double refraction and distortion of the specimen and
axial characteristics, are inserted in a slit on the right side of the tube.
tint plate 114 w ave length plate
Analyzer
The analyzer can be slid out of the optical path, either to the right or to the left. Moreover, it
rotates through 90° (1 div. = 5°) by means of a rotatjng lever. At 0°, the oscillation is latitudinal.
In other words. at 00 the polarizer and analyzer are crossed Nicols.
Bertrand Lens
The Bertrand lens can be slid in and out of the optical path by means of the 90" rotatable
handle attached to the middlepart of the tube. When the lens is in the optical path, the mark on the
handle points upward. In this case, the interference image, or conoscopic image, formed on
the rear focal plane of the objective ]ens can bc observed through the center of the eyepiece since
the ]enses have a]readv been centered.
5
Registration Pin of Eyepiece Tube
Two insertion grooves for the registration pin are cut on the edgeof the eyepiecetube, which
measures23.2mm in inner diameter. When the registration pin is inserted into the right-hand
groove (A), the eyepiececross-line agreeswith the oscillation plane of the polarizer and analyzer
when they are positioned at 0°; and when it is inserted into the other groove (B), the cross-line
agrees with the diagonal position.
(B) (A) insertion grooves for
registration pin
eyepiecetube
Eyepieces
The flat 10x eyepiece is adjusted by means of aregistration pin so that the cross-line agrees with
the direction of osciIlation. Visibility adjustments of the 10x eyepiece are made by means of helical
movements.
Eyepiece magnification Nurober of field of view
lOx with cros3-1i,ne and helical
movement fIng
7x with O;lmm sca]f' 18
Sx 21
Sx
10x 7x
h
CAUTION
Generally speaking,the POS should not be used where the temperature is higher than 50°c.
Suddenchangesin temperature or humidity produce moisture on the lensesand other parts
of the microscope. This not only obscures vision but also causescorrosion.
2, The POS must be carried about with caresincethe slightest shock canimpair the fine adjust-
ment system.
3. The POS should be kept free of dust since dust, together with moisture, can causemolding.
Dust on the optical system, especially the polarizer and analyzer,causesdouble refraction,
which in turn dims contrast. The POS, therefore, should becovered with the vinyl dust
coverimmediately after use. I.f it is not used for sometime, it should bekept in the case.
4. High temperature advergely affectg the polarized plate of the polarizer and analyzer.
Therefore, it ghould not be expoged over a long period to gtrong gunlight or illumination
(more than 60°c),
5. Sincethe POS is aprecision instrument, it should not be taken apart without adequatereason.
'7
OBSERVATION METHODS
I. Standard
In principle, the polarizer, analyzer, test plate, and Bertrand lens should be slid out of the optical
path since they are not req1.iired for ordinary microscopic examinations. In most cases, however ,
the polarizer is left in the optical path.
II. Orthoscopic Examination
Strictly speaking, in orthoscopic examinations, only light parallel to the optical axis of the micro-
scope enters the field of view. In other words, only the parallel optical characteristics of the
specimen can be examined through orthoscopy. Since, however, parallel light not only lacks
brightness but also weakens the resolving power of the lenses, weak aperture lighting is almost,
always used by sliding the lower condenser lens into the optical path. For ideal results, weak ,
aperture objectives as the 4x and 10x type should be used. In this case, better results can be
obtained by adjusting the condenser iris to the aperture of the objectives. The centering screw
can be used to rotate the specimen so that it will come in line with the center of the view field.
When the polarizer and analyser are clicked into position at 00, the oscillation direction of each
coincides with the cross-line of the eyepiece-Iength,vise for the polarizer and widthwise for
the analyzer. This condition is called crossed Nicols.
When the analyzer is left out, the condition is called single Nicol or one Nicol. By using both
methods, the following characteristics can be examined: shape, size, and structure of the specimen,
refraction, double refraction, interference color, extinction angle, optical azimuth and optical poly-
chromism.
IJI. Conoscopic Examination
In conoscopic examinations, optical phenomena are studied by throwing light from all directions
-with the exception of parallel light-on the specimen. I
In other words, the specimen must be illuminated with circular beams. Therefore, the numerica~( ,
aperture is increased by sliding the lower condenser lens out of the optical path; furthermore,..
large aperturc 40x ohjective is used. By inserting a Bertrand lens after focusing on the specimen,
an interference image, or conoscopic image, can be observed on the real focal plane of the objective
lens. If a scaled eyepiece is used, the deflection of the interference fringe can be measured. The
interference image can also be observed directly through the tube without the aid of the Bertrand
lens and the oblective lens.
8
PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
The Olympus PM-6 Small Size Photomicrographic Equipment is
ideal for 35mm photomicrography.
I. For Orthoscope ,
First of all, the part of the specimen that is to be photographed is brought to the center of
view field. Remove the eyepiece holder from the PM-6 and insert the desired eyepiece il1to
the eyepiece holder. Re-place the eyepiece holder, with the desired eyepiece in it, to the Pl\1-6,
then mount the PM-6 on the microscope eyepiece tube. After adjusting the cross-line within
the field of view by means of the viewer adjustment ring, the specimen is brought into focus by
urnil1g the fine adjustment handle. More detailed instructions on photomicrography are given
lin the PM-6 brochure.
II. For Conoscope
First, produce a conoscopic image by sliding the lower condenser lens out of the optical path
and by inserting a large aperture objective 40X and Bertrand lens according to instructions given
in the section III on conoscopic examination. Next, remove the eyepiece holder from the PM-6
and insert the 10X eyepiece (with helical movement ring) into the eyepiece holder. Mount the
eyepiece holder, with the 10X eyepiece in it, on the microscope eyepiece tube. Gently place (do
not fix) the PM-6 on the eyepiece holder and hold it ,vith one hand. The conoscopic image can
be brought into focus by turning, with the other hand, the helical movement ring of the 10X
eyepiece, while viewing through the viewer. Then screw the PM-6 onto the eyepiece holder,
\Vhich in turn is screwed onto the microscope eyepiece tube. For focusing, follo,v the instructions
given in the preceding section on orthoscopic photomicrography.
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