NEC Express5800/ftServer Manuel de service
NEC Corporation of America
456-01730-000
Express5800/ftServer:
System Administrator’s Guide
for the Linux®Operating System
Manual Name: Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System
Part Number: 456-01730-000
Revision Number: 04
Publication Date: January 2008
NEC Corporation of America
6535 N. State Highway 161
Irving, Texas 75038-2402
© 2006 NEC Corporation of America. All rights reserved.
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Contents iii
Contents
Preface xi
1. Introduction to ftServer System Administration 1-1
ftServer System Terminology 1-2
System and Network Administration Overview 1-2
Installing and Updating So ftware on ftServer Systems 1-2
Updating ftServer System Firmware 1-2
Conguring Your ftServer System 1-3
Managing Data Storage Devices 1-3
Using the Express5800/ftServer Fault-Tolerant Express Builder 1-3
Network Management and Reporting 1-3
Troubleshooting ftServer Systems 1-3
Additional Documentation and Resources 1-3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 1-4
Express5800/ ftServer Documentation 1-4
Linux and UNIX Documents 1-4
2. Installing the Operating System and Express5800/ftServer
System Software 2-1
Installation Overview 2-2
Boot Media 2-3
Default System Setup 2-3
Linux Version Information 2-4
Storage Default Settings 2-4
Ethernet Default Conguration 2-5
USB and RS232C Default Settings 2-5
Default System Initialization and Run-Level Control 2-6
Default User Environments, Shells, and Access
Control 2-6
System Indicators and Switches 2-6
Separately Released and Optional Distribution Components 2-6
Installation Interfaces 2-7
Supported Hardware and Firmware 2-7
Contents
iv Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System
Pre-Installation Checklist 2-7
Initial Linux Operating System and Express Builder Installation or
Default Reinstallation 2-10
Booting the Operating System 2-10
Installing the Operating System 2-11
Installing Express Builder for Fault Tolerance 2-13
Avoiding CD-ROM Mount Command Failure After
Disabling SELinux 2-14
Reinstalling Express Builder After a Failed Installation 2-14
Booting in Linux Rescue Mode 2-15
Post-Installation Tasks and Considerations 2-17
Default Configuration Notes 2-17
Configuring the Network 2-17
Adding Fault-Tolerant Utilities to PATH 2-18
Performing an Installation Without a Kickstart File 2-18
Additional Documentation and Resources 2-19
3. Updating ftServer System Firmware 3-1
Updating the System BIOS 3-1
Updating BMC Firmware 3-5
4. Updating the Operating System and Express5800/ftServer
System Software 4-1
General Upgrade Considerations 4-2
Upgrade Requirements 4-2
Related Considerations 4-2
Upgrading or Restoring the Linux Operating System 4-3
Express5800/ftServer Kernel Modules 4-4
Upgrading the Linux Operating System 4-4
Restoring the Linux Operating System 4-5
Upgrading or Restoring Express Builder 4-6
Creating a Backup System Disk 4-7
Recovering from a Failed Software Upgrade 4-8
Related Information and Resources 4-8
5. Setting Up the ftServer System 5-1
Setting Up Internal Disk Storage 5-2
Internal Disk Storage Overview 5-2
The Console Log and the /var/log/messages File 5-2
Configuring Internal Disks 5-3
Managing Partitions 5-4
Contents
Contents v
Default Internal Disk Configuration for a Newly
Installed System 5-8
Checking the Current State of the Internal Disk Subsystem 5-8
Storage Device Definition 5-9
Setting Up RAID Arrays 5-9
RAID Array Overview 5-9
Creating a RAID-1 Array 5-10
Creating a RAID-0 Array 5-12
Creating and Mounting a File System 5-14
Checking the Current State of RAID 5-14
Removing and Replacing Disks 5-15
Disk Insertion 5-16
Administering RAID Arrays 5-16
To Stop a RAID Array and Move It to Another System 5-16
Errors and Faulty Mirrors 5-17
Removing a Faulty Mirror 5-17
Resynchronization 5-18
Replacing a Failed Disk 5-19
Configuring Safe Mode 5-20
Manually Creating Partitions on Blank Disks and Adding
to RAID-1 Arrays 5-20
Replacing Defective Disks Interactively 5-21
Replacing Defective Disks Manually 5-21
The duplex_blank_disk Command 5-25
System Backup and Disaster Recovery 5-26
Ethernet Devices 5-26
Physical Device Naming 5-26
Monitoring and Configuring Channel-Bonding Interfaces 5-28
Monitoring Channel-Bonding Interfaces 5-28
Configuring Channel-Bonding Interfaces 5-29
Determining Interface Device Names 5-30
MAC Addresses 5-31
Other System Configuration Information 5-31
Disabling Hyperthreading 5-32
Configuring the System Video Display 5-33
Managing the System Clock 5-33
Additional Documentation and Resources 5-34
6. Managing Data Storage Devices 6-1
CD-ROM Drives 6-1
USB Storage Devices 6-1
USB Floppy Drives 6-4
USB Solid-State Devices 6-4
Additional Resources 6-5
Contents
vi Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System
7. Using ftServer Fault-Tolerant Utilities and Software 7-1
The ftsmaint Command 7-1
Device Path Enumeration 7-5
ftServer System Device Path Enumeration 7-5
ftsmaint Examples 7-10
Displaying System Status 7-10
Bringing System Components Down and Up 7-12
Removing a PCI Adapter From Service and Bringing
It Into Service 7-13
Kernel Memory Dump File Management 7-13
8. Simple Network Management Using Net-SNMP and ftlSNMP 8-1
Installing and Configuring ftlSNMP 8-1
ftlSNMP Inventory 8-2
Manually Installing and Upgrading the ftlSNMP RPM 8-3
ftlSNMP Prerequisites 8-4
SNMP Configuration File Updates 8-4
The snmpd.conf File 8-5
The ftlsubagent.conf and
ftltrapsubagent.conf Files 8-5
Configuring SNMP to Start at System Initialization 8-6
Configuring SNMP for Service Management 8-6
SNMP Foundations and Concepts 8-8
ftlSNMP Management Commands 8-9
The Basic Net-SNMP Commands 8-10
MIBs 8-11
Some Objects Defined by Standard MIBs 8-12
SNMPv3 Support 8-14
SNMP’s View of a Network 8-14
Extensions and Fault-Tolerant SNMP Operation 8-15
Installing Remote Network Management Services 8-16
Configuring SNMP for Remote Service Management 8-17
Deploying SNMP Agents and Subagents 8-17
Verifying Traps 8-18
Managing SNMP 8-18
Testing Your SNMP Configuration 8-19
Managing ftServer Hardware Components 8-20
Example: Managing Hardware 8-21
Testing Ethernet Ports 8-23
Example: Testing Ethernet Ports 8-23
SNMP and MIBS 8-24
Device Enumeration 8-25
Contents
Contents vii
ftServer System Operation State Management 8-25
SNMP Network Management Station Considerations 8-26
Initial SNMP Testing 8-27
Initial Testing of ftltrapsubagent 8-27
Initial Testing of ftlsubagent 8-29
Removing ftlSNMP 8-29
OpState:State Definitions 8-30
OpState:Reason Definitions 8-31
GET and SET Operations for ftlSNMP MIB Objects 8-32
SRA-ftLinux-MIB OID Values and Properties 8-32
Trap Filtering 8-33
Trap-Filtering Capability 8-33
Activating and Deactivating Trap Filtering 8-33
Trap-Filtering Examples 8-34
9. Troubleshooting ftServer Systems 9-1
LED and Visual Diagnostics 9-1
System Boot Problems 9-1
Normal Boot Sequence 9-2
Possible Boot Problems 9-3
Missing Drivers Prevent Booting 9-3
GRUB Problem 9-4
RAID Problem 9-5
Automatic Reboot After Boot Monitoring Timeout 9-5
System Log Messages 9-6
Error and Log Messages Regarding Keyboard and Mouse 9-6
Index Index-1
viii Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System
Figures
Figure 2-1. SAS (SATA)Drive Arrangement for Installation 2-9
Figure 5-1. CPU-I/O Enclosures: Front Panel with Drive Slots
Fully Populated 5-3
Figure 7-1. ftServer Enclosures: Locations of Major Enumerated Devices
(Front View) 7-8
Figure 7-2. ftServer Enclosures: Locations of Major Enumerated Devices
(Rear View) 7-9
Figure 8-1. AgentX-Enabled Extensions and Subagents 8-17
Figure 8-2. Operational State Management on ftServer Systems 8-25
Tables ix
Tables
Table 2-1.
CD-ROMs Included With ftServer Systems
2-2
Table 5-2. Ethernet Devices in ftServer CPU-I/O Enclosures 5-27
Table 7-1. Device Paths of ftServer Devices 7-5
Table 8-1. Meaning of Duplex for ftServer System Components 8-26
Table 8-2. Operation State Values, Names, and Definitions 8-30
Table 8-3. Reason Codes, Names, and Definitions 8-31
Table 8-4. Set Operations Currently Implemented in ftlSNMP 8-32
x Express5800/ftServer: System Administrator’s Guide for the Linux Operating System
Examples
Example 5-1. Checking the Current State of the Internal Storage
Subsystem 5-9
Example 5-2. Checking the Current State of RAID 5-15
Example 5-3. Resynchronization 5-18
Example 5-4. Running GRUB 5-24
Example 5-5. Pairing a Spare Internal Disk with the Running
System Disk 5-25
Example 5-6. Default Configuration of Embedded Ethernet Devices 5-28
Example 7-1. Displaying System Status with the ftsmaint Command 7-10
Example 8-1. Traps that Can Occur for I/O Element 11 When Trap
Filtering Is Off 8-34
Example 8-2. Traps That Can Occur for I/O Element 11 when Trap
Filtering Is On 8-38
Example 8-3. Traps That Can Occur for When Trap Filtering Is Off 8-40
Example 8-4. Traps That Can Occur When Trap Filtering Is On 8-41
Example 9-1. Possible Keyboard and Mouse Error Messages at
Boot Time 9-6
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