Kodak EASYSHARE EASYSHARE ONE Mode d’emploi

KODAK Ultima Lifetime Discussion

The KODAK Ultima CD-R disc is fundamentallythe same

as the Gold Ultima CD-R media except the reflective layer material

is changed. The Ultima disc incorporates an alloycontaining 24

karat gold which has been selected to provide maximum

performance, as well as improved stabilityrelative to pure silver.

Media recording and playback performance is comparable to Gold

Ultima, and in fact, enhanced compatibilityhas been found with

the Ultima CD-R.

Ultima Stability

The CD-R industryhas been offering customers the option

of purchasing media with a silver reflective layer in place of the

traditional gold layer. This has been done for a number of reasons

including increased reflectivityof the reflective layer, a disc

appearance similar to CD-ROM, and reduced manufacturing costs.

Customers are aware that everydaysilver-based products (jewelry,

silverware, coins etc.) can oxidize and tarnish over time. For this

reason, there has been some skepticism about the stabilityof the

new silver-based CD-R discs. Kodak has shared these concerns,

and has opted not to offer a 100% silver-based CD-R product. We

have found that byusing a stable gold alloy, the lifetime of the CD-

R media can be significantlyenhanced.

The data life of storage media is a keyconsideration of

customers. It is also one of the most difficult parameters to

measure, and consequentlyone of the most misunderstood and

misleading parameters to be reported. Bynecessity, data lifetime

must be tested under accelerated aging conditions which are well

outside normal storage conditions. These results must then be used

to project an anticipated lifetime at actual storage conditions. The

keyproblem is how this projection is to be made.

Estimating media life would be difficult enough if lifetime

depended onlyon temperature. Unfortunately, humidityalso plays

a significant role. Atmospheric pollutants could also have an effect,

but due to the encapsulation of the recording layers in a

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06/12/01 2

polycarbonate/lacquer package this is considered a low risk, and is

usually ignored. During the early stages of evaluation, it is

common practice to select a single stressful condition which is

known to cause media failure within a manageable time span of

several weeks. In the case of silver-based CD-R media Kodak has

selected a condition which is quite extreme, consisting of a

temperature of 80°C, a relative humidity of 85%, and an

atmosphere of local air (which will contain some of the

aforementioned pollutants). We then assume that the longer the

media survives under these conditions, the more stable discs will

be under recommended storage conditions (25°C, 40%RH).

We have tested other manufacturers’ 100% silver media as

well as our own Ultima media under these conditions. The results

are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1. 80/85 survival times for various manufacturers’ silver CD-R media

These survival times cannot, by themselves, be used to

predict the lifetime of data on discs stored at recommended

conditions, but they are a good indicator on a relative basis.

Accurate lifetime estimates require extensive testing over

many months, at a variety of temperature and humidity conditions,

and using a statistical population of discs. The test plan which was

utilized to predict lifetime for Kodak’s Gold Ultima media required

over 210 discs, stored at 5 different temperature-humidity

conditions, and tested for performance on over 40 separate

occasions over the course of more than one year.

1Failure was considered to be the time at which the maximum BLER (block error rate) on a fully recorded

disc exceeded 50.

Manufacturer 80/85 Survival Time Cause of Failure1

Kodak Ultima > 3 weeks none yet

Company A <1 week extensive corrosion

Company B <1 week overall reticulation

Company C <1 week package delamination

Company D <3 weeks blisters

Company E <3 weeks patchy corrosion

Company F <3 weeks contrast loss

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06/12/01 3

At this time, survival tests at (80°C, 85%RH) have been

conducted on silver-based CD-R media. We have found that using

100% silver for the reflective layer produced media which failed in

less than 1 week and with failure highly dependent on the small

variations in the coating process conditions.

In the case of our Ultima reflective layer, our standard

coating conditions were able to produce media with a superior

survival time (in excess of 3 weeks at 80°C, 85%RH). We have

demonstrated that the Ultima reflective layer is both stable and

robust because it is resistant to small, but expected variations, in

the coating process.

The robust manufacturing process demonstrated with the

gold alloy will provide users of KODAK's Ultima media with an

additional degree of confidence that they are receiving a high

performance and uniformly stable product.

Type SA Media White Paper version 0.95

06/12/01 4

Product Performance Specifications

KODAK Ultima CD-R media will meet the same specifications as

KODAK Gold Ultima CD-R media product. Some critical

specifications for the Ultima media have been measured on various

speed writers and compared with specification. The results are

summarized in Table 2.

Table 2 : Key parameters for Ultima CD-R media compared to specification

Parameter Orange Book Ultima

Specification Media

Stability

Shelf Light Stability 50Klux/3day pass

Archive Light Stability 50Klux/5day pass

Unwritten

RCb >.05 0.080 min.

PPb none 0.107 min.

PPb var. <+-15% ±7%

RGb 65% 72% min.

WCNRb >35dB 39dB min.

2X full surface write

Rtop >65% 71%

I3/Itop 0.3-0.7 0.36

I11/Itop >0.6 0.63

BLER <220 1

4X full surface write

Rtop >65% 71%

I3/Itop 0.3-0.7 0.33

I11/Itop >0.6 0.62

BLER <220 1

6X full surface write

Rtop >65% 71%

I3/Itop 0.3-0.7 0.33

I11/Itop >0.6 0.62

BLER <220 1

2X Power Series

I3/Itop @ β=0 none 0.30

I11/Itop @ β=0 none 0.64

3TMJIT @ β=0 none 31/32ns

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