Keithley 610B Manuel utilisateur

Instruction Manual

Models 6106, 610BR

Mul_tl&flqnge. ElecVpeters

Keithley Instruments. Inc.

26775 Aurora Road/Cleveland. Ohio 44139A216) 248-0400

MODELS 61013, 610BR ELECTROMETERS

TABLEOF CONTENTS

Section Page

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........ 1

l-l. General ........... 1

l-2. Features. .......... 1

l-3. Differences Between the Models

6108 and 610BR. ....... 1

l-4. Specifications. ....... 2

l-5. Applications. ........ 3

l-6. Accessories ......... 4

l-7. Equipment Shipped ...... 4

Section ?:I'22

4-6. Calibration Procedures. . . . 31

4-J. Grid Current Check. 33

4-a. DC Amplifier Adjustment 31

4-9. High-Megohm Resistor Veri-

fication. . . 35

4-10. Calibration of Ohms Ranges. 35

4-11. Meter Zero Calibration. . 3j

4-12. Accuracy Check. . . . . . 35

4-13. Drift Check . 36

5. ACCESSORIES . . . . . . 43

2. OPERATION ............. 5

2-1. Front Panel Controls and

Terminals .......... 5

2-2. Rear Panel Controls and

Terminals .......... 6

2-3. Input Connections ...... 6

2~4. Preliminary Procedures. ... 8

2-5. Voltage Measurements ...... 9

2-6. Current Measurements. .... 10

2-7. Resistance Measurements ... 13

2-8. Charge Measurements ..... 15

2-9. Recorder Outputs. ...... 15

Z-10. Unity-Gain Output ...... 17

Z-11. current source. ....... 17

2-12. Static Charge Measurements. . 17

Z-13. Capacitance Measurements. .. 18

2-14. Application Notes ...... 19

5-l. Model 6101A Shielded Test

Lead. . . . . . . . . 43

5-2. Model 61018 Gripping Probe. 43

5-3. Model 6102A Voltage Divider

Probe . . . . . . . . . 43

5-4.. Model 6103A Voltage Divider

Probe . . . . . . . . . 43

5-5. Model 6104 Test Shield. . . 44

5-6. Model 6105 Resistivity

Adapter . . . . . , . . . 44

5-7. Models 2501 and 2503 Static

Detector Heads. . . . . . . . 45

5-8. Model 6106 Electrometer

Connection Kit. . . . . . . . 46

5-9. Model 6107 pH Electrode

Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . 4i

5-10. Model 370 Recorder. . . . . . 48

3. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ........ 21

3-l. General ........... 21

3-2. Voltmeter Operation ..... 21

3-3. Voltmeter circuit ...... 22

3-4. Ammeter Operation ...... 24

3-5. Ohmmeter Operation. ..... 24

3-6. Coulombmeter Operation. ... 25

3-7. Power Supply. ........ 26

4. UAINTENANCE ............ 29

4-l. General ........... 29

4-2. Parts Replacement ...... 29

4-3. Troubleshooting ....... 29

4-4. Procedures to Guide Trouble-

shooting. .......... 30

4-5. 234-Volt Ooerarion. ..... 32

6. REPLACEABLE PARTS . . . . . . . 51

6-l. Replaceable Parts List. . . . 51

6-2. How to Order Parts. . . . . . 51

Models 6108, 610BR Replaceable

Parts List. . . . . . . . 52

Model 6108 Schematic Diagram

177953. . . , . . . . . . . 59

Green Repair and

Calibration Forms . . 61

* Change Notice Last Page

* Yellow Change Notice sheet is included

only for instrument modifications affect-

ing the Instruction Xanual.

O268R 1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION MODELS 6lOB, 610BR ELECTROMETERS

FIG

FIGURE 2. Keithley Instruments Model 610BR Electrometer. Model

610BR is the rack version of the Model 6108.

ii i

1064R

MODELS 6108, 610BR ELECTROMFPERS GENERAL DESCRIPTION

SECTION1. GENERALDESCRIPTION

l-l. GENERAL.

a. The Keithley Model 610B Electrometer is a versatile instrument which

measures wide ranges of dc voltages, currente, resistances and charges. It

is a highly improved form of conventional dc vecuum tube voltmeters that

ueee an electrometer tube input to provide greeter than lo14 ohm Fnput re-

sistance. T’he Model 6lOB has all the capabilities of conventional VTVMe,

but it ten also make many more measurements without loading circuits.

b. The Electrometer has 11 voltage ranges from 0.001 volt full scale to

100 volts, 28 ~urm-ie: ranges from Lo-14 ampere full scale to 0.3 ampere,

25 linear resistance ranges from 100 ohms full scale to 1014 ohms, and 15

couLomb ranges from LO-12 coulomb full scale to LO-5 coulomb.

c. The Model 6LOB input stage uses a matched pair of electrometer tubes.

The output stage uses a vacuum tube; othewiee.solid-state devices are

used for all amplifier stages and the power supply. This increases re-

liability end stability and aLlows

greater

regulation of the power supply.

l-2. FEATURES.

a. Voltmeter accuracy is Cl% of full scale, exclusive of noise and drift.

b. Zero drift of the Model 6108 is 200 microvolts per hour maxirmun averaged

over any 24-hour period after warm-up. During the 2-hour warm-up, zero drift

is no more then 2 millivolts after the first hour.

c. Two amplifier outputs are available. A switch on the rear panel allows

either 23 volts or 21 milliampere for full-scale meter deflection. The current

output is variable 25% with 1.4-kilohm recorders. The unity-gain amplifier

output is equal to the input voltage within 50 ppm or 100 microvolts, exclusive

of zero drift.

d. Current measurements can be made by one of two methods, the normal method

in which the current is determined by measuring the voltage drop across a re-

sistor shunting the input, or the fast method in which negative feedback is

appliedthrough the shunt resistor. The latter method reduces ehe input drop

end greatly increases the response speed on the low-current ranges.

1-3. DIFFERENCES BETWEENTHE MODELS 610B AND 610BR.

a. The Model 610BR

the rack

version

of the cabinet configuration,

Model 610B. The circuits, specifications, electrical parts end operating

procedures for the two models are the same. Besides the outside dimensions,

the main difference between them is the Model 6LOBR’s COARSE ZERO Control

is on the front panel, not on the rear panel.

b. The instructions in the Manual are for both models, although only the

Model 610B is mentioned. Any differences are identified for the correct model.

t064R 1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION ?,ODELS 6108, 610BR ELECTROMTERS

1-4. SPECIFICATIONS.

AS A VOLTMETER:

RANGE: ,001 volt full scale to 100 volts in eteven Lx and 3x ranges.

ACCURACY: ?L% of full scale on all ranges exctusive of noise and drift.

ZERO DRIFT: After L-hour warm-up no more than 2 millivolts in the second hour, and in any

subsequent 24-hour period, the average drift wilt not exceed 200 microvolts per hour.

HETER NOISE: +tO microvotes with input shorted.

INPUT IMPEDANCE: Greater than Lot4 ohms shunted by 22 picofarads on the VOLTS position of

the Range Switch. Input resistance may be selected in decade steps from LO to LOLL ohms

with the Range Switch.

AS AN AMMETER:

RANGE: 10-14 ampere full scale to 0.3 ampere in twenty-eight Lx and 3x ranges.

AccuRAcY: ?2% of full scale on 0.3 to 10-11 ampere ranges using smattest available Ilulti-

ptiee Switch setting; 14% of full scale on 3 x tOeL2 to tOdL4 ampere ranges.

METER NOISE: Less than i3 x lO-L5 ampere.

GRID CURRENT: Less than 2 x lO-L4 ampere

AS AN OHMMETER:

RANGE: 100 ohms full scale co 1014 ohms on twenty-five Linear Lx and 3x ranges.

‘KcIJRAcY: ?3% of full scale on 100 to log ohm ran es using highest available Multiplier

Switch setting; ?5% of full scale on 3 x LO9 to to K4 ohm ranges.

AS A COULOMBMETER:

RANGE: LO-L2 coulomb full scale to tom5 coulomb Ln fifteen lx and 3x ranges.

ACCURACY: ?5% of full scale on all ranges.

2 x 10eL4 coulomb per second. Drift due to grid current does not exceed

AS AN AMPLIFIER:

INPUT IHPEDANCE: Greater than tot4 ohms shunted by 22 picofarads on the VOLTS position

of the Range Switch. Input resistance may be selected in decade steps from LO to LOLL

ohms with the Range Switch,

OLTPUTS: Unity-gain output and either voltage or current recorder output.

Unity-Gain Output: At dc, output is equal to input within 50 ppm or 100 microvolts.

exclusive of zero drift, for output currents of LOO microamperes or Less. up to one

milliampere may be drawn for input vottages OE LO votes or Less.

.* * .

t066R .

MODELS 6108, 610BR ELECTROMETERS GEXERAL 3ESCRI?TIO”

Voltage Recorder Output: +3 volts for full-scale

input.

Internal resistance is 3 kil-

ohms. Output polarity is opposite input polarity.

Gain: 0.03, 0.1, etc., to 3000

Frequency Response (Within 3 db): dc to 300 cps at a gain of 3000, rising to 25 kc

at a gain of 30, decreasing to 2.5 kc at a gain of 0.03.

Noise: 3% rms of full scale at a gain of 3000, decreasing to 1% at gains below 100.

Current Recorder Output: tl milliampere for full-scale input, variable T5% with LLiOO-

ohm recorders.

GENERAL:

POLARITY: METER Switch selects left zero (positive or negative) or center-zero scales

Output polarity is not reversed.

LINE STABILITY: A 10% change in line voltage will ca”se less than a LO-microvolt merer

defLection on aLL ranges.

CONNECTORS: Input: uhf type; ground binding post.

output: Voltage or current, AmphenoL 80-PCZF; Unity-gain, binding posts

POWER: 105-125 or 210-250 volts (switch selected): 50 to 1000 cps; IO Watts

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT: Model 6108: 10-l/2 inches high x 6-S/8 inches wide x 10 inches dee?;

net weight, 12 pounds. Model 610BR: 5-l/4 inches high x 19 inches wide x 10 inches deep;

net weight, 12 pounds.

ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED: Mating input and output plugs; 3:2 power line adapter; binding plug.

l-5. APPLICATIONS.

a. Voltmeter applications include directly measuring potentials of vacuum tube plates

and grids, pH electrodes, piezo-electric crystals, capacitors and electrochemical cells,

and the gate potentials of field effect transistors. With the Model 2501 or 2503 Static

Detector Probe, the Model 610B can measure electrostatic voltages.

b. As a picoammeter, the Electrometer can measure mass spectrograph currents. It can

be used with photo multiplier tubes, flame and beta ray and lithium ion-drift detectors.

Other uses are in gas chromatograph work, nuclear studies, plasma physic studies and

vacuum studies. Also, it can be used as a current null detector with an accurate current

reference source.

c. As an ohmeter, its uses include measuring diode characteristics, insulation resis-

tance, and resistor voitage coefficients. With the Model 6105 Resistivity Adapter and a

power supply, the Node1 610B can measure volume and surface resistivities.

d. In addition to measuring charge directly, other coulombmeter uses are measuring charge

current over a period and obtaining integral curves of time-varying currents. The Model

6108 can measure the total energy output from a pulsed laser on its coulomb ranges when

used with a calibrated photo tube or photo diode. It also can be used as a charge ampli-

fier to measure pieza-electric crystal outputs.

1066R 3

GENERAL DESCRIPTION MODELS 61OB, 610B~ ELECTROMETERS

1-6. ACCESSORIES.

a. Three accessory probes, fully described in Section 5, facilitate measurements end

extend the Electrometer’s voltage range to 30 kilovolts.

b. Model 6104 Test Shield is suitable for resistance measurements with either 2 or 3-

terminal guarded connections, as well as voltage and current tests.

c. Model 6105 Resistivity Adapter ts a guarded test fixture for measuring volume and

surface resistivitirs of materials when used with the Model 6108 and the Keithley Node1

240A High Voltage Supply.

d. Models 2501 and 2503 Static Detector Probes are capacitive voltage dividers with a

10,OOO:l ratio, when used with the probe 3/B inch from the charged surface.

e. Model 6106 Electrometer Connection Kit contains a group of the mwt useful leads

and adapters for electrometer measurements.

f. Model 6107 pH Electrode Adapter has a 2-Eoot cable and coaxial caxxector and accepts

a Beckman and Coleman (B-C) or a Leeds and Northrup (L &N) connector. The Adapter allows

accurate and convenient pH potential measurements with the Model 6lOB.

g. Model 370 Recorder is uniquely compatible with the Model 610B es well es other

Keithley microvoltmeters, electrometers and picoarmneters. The recorder is a high quality

economical instrument that maximizes the performance of the Model 6108 and many other

Keithley instruments, even in the most critical applications.

l-7. EQUIPMENT SHIPPED. The Model 6108 Electrometer is factory-calibrated and is ship-

ped with all components in place. The shipping cartnn contains the Instruction Manual and

mating plugs for the input and output receptacles. The Model 610BR is shipped with the

rgles and screws for rack mounting packed separately within the shipping carton.

FIGURE 3. Model 610ER Front Panel Controls and Terminals. Circuit designations refer to

Replaceable Parts List and the schematic diagram.

I 0667R

MODELS 610B, 610BR ELECTROMETERS OPERATION

SECTION2. OPERATION

2-1. FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND TERMINALS (See Figures 3 and 4)

a. Range Switch. The Range Switch selects the measuring mode and the

range. It is divided fnto a VOLTS position, 11 AMPERES ranges, eight OHMS

ranges and four COULOMBS ranges. The range used is indicated by an X above

the dial skirt.

b. Multiplier Switch. The Multiplier Switch determines the voltage sen-

sitivity of the dc amplifier and sets the full-scale voltage range when the

Range Switch is set to VOLTS. The Multiplier Switch may also be used to

multiply the AMPERES (3x maxinolm setting above LO-3), OHMS and COULOMBS

ranges on the Range Switch.

c. METER Switch. The Switch has five positions: POWEROFF shuts off

the instrument. OFF disconnects only the meter during recorder operation.

The + and - positions determine the polarity of the meter. CENTER ZERO

sets the instrument for center zero operation (lower meter scale).

d. ZERO Controls. Two ZERO Controls are on the front panel: a MEDIUM

Switch (outer knob) and a lo-turn FINE potentiometer (center knob).

These

allow precise meter zeroing.

Circuit designations refer to Replaceable Parts List and the

schematic diagram.

0764R

OPERATION MODELS 6108, 610BR ELECTROMETERS

e. ZERO CHECK Button. Depressing the Button effectively removes all input

signal from the instrument by shunting the input and amplifier through 10

megohms. This allows meter zeroing on any range. The Button is locked in

the zero check position when the line is horizontal.

f. FEEDBACK Switch. The FAST and NORMAL positions of the Switch determine

the feedback connections within ehe instrument. Voltage measurements are

made only in NORMAL. With the Switch et FAST, current measurements are made

with lower input voltage drops and faster response speeds. The FAST position

is also used to make guarded resistance measurements, for couLomb measurements,

and to increase response speed.

!z. INPUT Receptacle. The INPUT Receptacle fs a Teflon-insulated uhf-type

connector. A dust cap is provided. The ground post is below the recep-

tacle.

2-2. RFAR PANEL CONTROLS AND TERMINALS (See Figure 5).

a. COARSE ZERO Switch (On front panel of Model 610BR). The COARSE ZERO

Stitch has 11 positions to extend the zeroing capability of the front panel

ZERC Controls.

b. Output Switch. The Switch fs a two-position slide switch for the output.

In the 1 MA position, the instrument will drive l-milliampere recorders. In

the 3 V position, the output is 3 voles for full-scale meter deflection.

Source resistance is 3 kllohms.

c. 1 MA CAL Control. The Control varies the output from 0.95 to 1.05 milli-

ampere for 14CO-ohm recorders , so the recorder scale will correspond with the

Electrometer panel meter.

d. OUTPUT Receptacle. A 2-terminal microphone-type receptacle provides

3 volts or 1 milliampere for full-scale meter deflection. Pin no. 2 is at

case ground potential if the FEEDBACK Switch is at NORMAL.

e. Xl OUTPUT and GUARD Terminals. The potential between the Xl OUTPUT

Terminal and the CUARD Terminal (case ground for the FEEDBACK Switch in NORMAL)

Fs eaual to the input voltage with 0.005% linearity or LOO microvolts. when

the FEEDBACK Switch is at FAST, the Xl OUTPUT Terminal is et case ground end

rhe,GUARD Terminal is floating.

f. FUSE. For 105-125 volt operation, use a l/4 ampere, 3 AG Slow Blow

fuse. For 210-250 volt operation, use a L/8 ampere, 3 AC Slow Blow fuse.

g. 117-234 Switch. The screwdriver-operated,slide switch sets the Model

610B for 117 or 234-volt ac power lines.

h. Power Cord. The 3-wire power cord with the NEMA approved 3-prong plug

provides a ground connection for the cabinet. An adapter for operation from

2- tenninal outlets is provided.

2-3. INPUT CONNECTIONS.

a. The accessories described in Section 5 are designed to increase the

6 1064R _

Ce manuel convient aux modèles suivants

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