HP 181A Manuel de service

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OPERATING

AND

SERVICE

MANUAL

|

|

.

MODEL

181A/AR

OSCILLOSCOPE

i

l l

SERIALS

PREFIXED:840

‘See

Section

VII

for

Instruments

With

Other

Serial

Prefixes

Copyright

HEWLETT-PACKARD

COMPANY/COLORADO

SPRINGS

DIVISION

1947

.1900

GARDEN

OF

THE

GODS

ROAD,

COLORADO

SPRINGS,

COLORADO,

U,

S.

A.

02612-4

-

NN

PRINTED:

APR

1969

Section

I

Tàble

1-1

|

HORIZONTAL

AMPLIFIER

External

Input

Bandwidth:

dc

cpie,

dc

to

5

MHz;

ac

coupled,

5

Hz

to

5

MHz.

`

Deflection

Factor

(sensitivity)

1

v/div,

+5%

on

Xi;

0.

2

v/div

+5%

on

X5;

0.

1

v/div

+5%

on

X10;

vernier

provides

continuous

adjustment

between

ranges.

Dynamic

range

+5

v.

Input

RC:

1

megohm

shunted

by

ABPEeseiuasely

30

pf.

Sweep

Magnifier:

X1,

X5,

X10;

magnified

sweep

|^

accuracy

x5

6b.

|

CALIBRATOR

|

Type:

approximately

1

kHz

square

wave,

less

than

.3

psec

rise

time.

Voltage:

10v

peak-

-to-peak,

+1%.

CATHODE

RAY

TUBE

AND

CONTROLS

Type:

post-

-accelerator

storage

tube;

8.5

kv

ac-

celerating

potential,

aluminized

P31

phosphor.

Graticule:

8

x

10

division

parallax-free

internal

graticule

marked

in

.

95

centimeter

squares.

-

Subdivisions

of

0.2

div

on

major

axes.

Front

panel

recessed

TRACE

ALIGN

alignstrace

with

graticule.

Y

axis

may

be

aligned

to

be

perpen-

dicular

with

X

axis

with

internal

control

for

ac-

curate

rise

time

measurements.

‘Writing

Rate:

Write

mode;

20

cm/msec

Max

write

mode;

1

cm/sec

Erase:

push-button

erasure

takes

approximately

.300

msec,

Brightness:

greater

than

200

foot/lamberts

with

—

entire

screen

faded

positive.

|

Persistence:

continuously

variable

from

less

than

0.

2

second

to

more

than

one

minute,

or

normal

P31

persistence

of

approx

40

usec.

-

Storage

Time(MAX

W)

Mode:

ten

minutes

is

STORE.

mode,

ten

seconds

in

VIEW

mode.

l

Beam

finder:

pressing

FIND

BEAM

control

when

operating

in

any

mode

except

STORE

or

VIEW

ting

of

horizontal

or

vertical

controls.

.

Intensity

Modulation:

approximately

+2

volts,

dc

to

15

MHz,

will

blank

trace

of

normal

intensity.

Input

resistance

is

5100

ohms.

1-0

GENERAL

brings

trace

on

CRT

screen

regardless

of

set-

.

Model

181A/AR

Table

1-1.

Specifications.

OUTPUTS

Four

emitter

follower

outputs

for

mainanddelayed

gates,

main

and

delayed

sweeps.

Maximum

cur-

rent

available

is

t3

ma.

Outputs

will

drive

imped-

į

ances

down

to

1k

ohm

without

distortion.

Active

Components:

all

solid

state

(

no

vacum

tubes

except

CRT).

Environment:

Model

181A/AR

Oscilloscope

with

-

_

plug-ins

operates

within

specifications

over

the

following

ranges:

.

Temperature:

0°-

C

to

455"

C.

;

Humidity:

to

95%

relative

humidity

to

40°

C.

Altitude:

to

15,000

ft.

Vibration:

vibrated

i

in

three

planes

for

15

min

each

with

0.

010

inch

excursion,

10

to

55

Hz.

;

Power:

115

or

230

volts,

210;

50-400

Hz,

100

|

watts

at

normal

line,

convection

cooled,

Dimensions:

cabinet

(overall

dimensions)

8"

(203)

|

wide,

11"

(280)

high,

22-1/2"

(570)

deep.

Rack

DEnenetone

Model

181AR:

,

NOTES:

Eben

—

—

DIMENSIONS

De

INCHES

AND

{MILAINETERS)

;

EIA

RACK

HEIGHT

(INCLUDING

FILLER

STRIP

“For

ones

NEIGHT

INCLUDING

FEET)

ADO

E

{8}

Yo

A

|

MEAT

|

|

REAR

APRON

RECESS.

al

H

IM

|

i

i

t

3

wi

Rii

75

asas)

1493;

|

—Ó

Ll.

o

mene

FA

(4831

—

Ds

a

[BOA

A~IGOG.

Weight:

(without

plug-

zd

Model

181A;

Net,

24

lbs

(10,9

kg);

Shipping,

32

lbs

(14,5

kg).

.

Model

181AR

(rack);

Net,

26

Ibs

(11,8

kg);

Shipping

35

lbs

(15,9

kg).

Accessories

Furnished:

mesh

contrast

filter,

de~

.

tachable

power

cord,

rack

mounting

hardware,

(rack

model

only).

02612-3

a

Model

181A/AR

Section

I

Paragraphs

1-1

to

1-5

SECTION

1

GENERAL

INFORMATION

1-1.

DESCRIPTION.

1-2.

TheModeli81A/AR,

Figure

1-1,

isa

lightweight,

general

purpose,

variable

persistence,

storage

oscil-

loscope

with

plug-in

capability.

The

Model

181A

and

the

Model

181AR

as

shipped

from

the

factory

are

in-

tended

for

bench

use.

The

Model

181AR

may

be

rack

mounted

as

described

in

Section

II.

1-3.

Except

for

the

CRT,

all

active

components

are

solid

state

devices.

The

Model

181A/AR

is

convec-

tion

cooled

and

operates

within

specifications

over

a

temperature

range

of

0°

C

to

+55°

C.

Figure

1-1.

Model

181A

and

181AR

Oscilloscopes

02612-2

1-4.

The

variable

persistence

capability

is

especially

useful

for

viewing

slow-speed

signals.

Adjustment

of

persistence

time

can

provide

viewing

of

a

complete

trace

with

fading

sufficient

to

prevent

interference

with

the

next

trace.

The

display

persistence

can

read-

ily

be

adjusted

to

eliminate

flicker

and

still

provide

high

resolution.

1-5.

The

storage

feature

of

the

hp

Model

181A/AR

canbeusedto

store

single-shot

occurrences

for

later

viewing

or

photographing.

Comparison

of

waveforms

can

be

accomplished

by

storing

several

separate

oc-

currences

and

later

viewing

them

simultaneously.

Section

I

Paragraphs

1-6

to

1-24

1-6.

The

horizontal

amplifier

has

a

direct-coupled

bandwidth

of

dc

to

5

MHz.

The

ac-coupled

bandwidth

is

5

Hz

to

5

MHz.

With

a

dynamic

range

of

+5

volts,

the

amplifier

has

front-panel

selectable

deflection

ranges

of

1

v/div,

0.

2

v/div

and

0.

1

v/div.

A

vernier

controlprovides

continuous

adjustment

between

ranges.

A

magnified

sweep

accuracy

of

+5%

is

maintained

at

-

selectable

magnifications

of

X1,

X5

or

X10;

and

a

front

panel

BNC

connector

permits

the

use

of

external

de-

flection

signals.

The

external

input

has

an

input

im-

pedance

of

1

megohm

shunted

by

approximately

30

pf.

1-7.

A

rear

panel

BNC

connector

is

provided

for

ex-

ternal

control

of

CRT

blanking.

A

signal

of

approxi-

mately

42v

from

de

to

15

MHz

will

blanka

trace

of

normal

intensity.

The

input

resistance

is

5100

ohms.

1-8.

External

outputs

are

provided

through

four

rear

panel

mounted

BNC

connectors

for

coupling

plug-in

derived

signals

to

external

equipment.

Since

these

outputs

are

dependent

upon

the

plug-ins

utilized,

the

‘appropriate

plug-in

Operating

and

Service

Manual

should

be

referred

to

for

identification

of

the

output

signals

available.

The

output

amplifiers

can

supply

3ma,

andwill

drive

impedances

as

low

as

1000

ohms

without

distortion,

1-9.

A

1kHz

square

wave

signal

is

available

at

the

front

panelfor

calibration

purposes.

Its

amplitude

of

10

volts

peak-to-peakis

accurate

to

+1%,

and

it

has

a

rise

time

of

less

than3u

sec.

The

signal

may

be

used

to

adjust

horizontal

and

vertical

deflection

factors

and

to

compensate

divider

probes.

.

1-10.

CATHODE

RAY

TUBE.

‘1-11,

The

Model

181A/AR

uses

an

internal

graticule,

P31

aluminized

phosphor

CRT.

Special

internal

ele-

ments

provide

the

variable

persistence

and

storage

features.

Parallax

observation

error

is

eliminated

by

use

of

the

internalgraticule,

and

a

non-glare

safety

face

plate

is

bonded

to

the

CRT.

1-12.

WARRANTY.

1-13.

This

instrument

is

certified

and

warranted

as

described

on

the

inside

front

cover

of

this

manual.

The

CRT

is

covered

by

a

warranty

separate

from

the

rest

of

the

instrument.

The

CRT

warranty

and

war-

ranty

claim

forms

are

located

at

the

rear

of

this

manual.

Should

the

CRT

fail

within

the

time

specified

on

the

warranty,

contact

your

nearest

hp

Sales/Service

Office,

and

return

the

CRT

with

the

warranty

form

completed.

i

1-14.

ACCESSORIES

FURNISHED.

1-15.

The

standard

Model

181A/AR

Oscilloscope

is

supplied

with

a

mesh

contrast

filter,

and

a

detachable

Model

181A

/AR

power

cord.

Also

included

with

the

Model

181AR

is

a

rack

mounting

kit.

1-16.

ACCESSORIES

AVAILABLE.

1-17.

A

mobile

test

stand

for

the

cabinet

Model

181A

is

available.

The

Model

1118A

Testmobile

provides

adjustable

height,

tilt,and

rotation.

Equipped

with

locking

wheels,

itis

readily

collapsible

for

transport.

Anadapter

assembly,

available

as

hp

Part

No.

01119-

69501,

permits

the

rack

Model

181AR

to

be

mounted

on

the

Model

1119A

Testmobile.

|

1-18.

A

front

panel

cover

of

fiberglass

material,

hp

Model

10166A,

can

beusedto

provide

front

panel

pro-

tection

for the

cabinet

Model

181A,

and

a

cover

for

the

rack

Model

181AR

is

available

as

hp

Part

No.

5060-0437,

1-18,

For

ease

of

calibration

and

maintenance

an

hp

Model

10407A.

Plug-in

Extender

can

be

obtained.

It

provides

for

removal

of

the

plug-ins

from

the

main

frame

and

exposes

components

and

adjustments.

1-20.

Cameras,

probes,

viewing

hoods,

terminations

and

other

accessory

items

are

available

for

special-

izedrequirements.

Informationonthese

andthe

above

described

accessories

may

be

obtainedfrom

hp

Sales/

Service

Offices

listed

in

the

rear

of

this

manual.

1-21.

INSTRUMENT

IDENTIFICATION.

1-22.

Hewlett-Packarduses

atwo-section,

eight-digit

serial

number

to

identify

instruments.

The

first

three

digits

(precedingthe

dash)

are

the

serial

prefix

which

identifies

a

series

of

instruments;

the

last

five

digits

identify

a

particular

instrument

in

the

series.

The

serial

number

appears

on

a

plate

located

on

the

rear

panel.

All

correspondence

with

a

Hewlett-Packard

Sales/Service

Office

inregardto

an

instrument

should

reference

the

complete

serial

number.

1-23.

SCOPE

OF

MANUAL.

1-24.

This

manual

provides

operating

and

service

in-

formation

for

the

hp

Model

181A/AR

Oscilloscope.

Information

and

operation

of

plug-ins

is

contained

in

appropriate

plug-in

manuals.

Information

in

this

manual

applies

directly

to

instruments

(as

manufac-

tured)

with

serial

numbers

prefixed

by

the

three

digits

indicated

on

the

title

page.

If

the

serial

prefix

of

the

instrument

is

different

from

that

on

the

title

page,

a

"Manual

Changes"

sheet

supplied,

or

Section

VII

of

this

manual,

will

describe

changes

which

will

adapt

this

manual

to

provide

correct

coverage.

"Technical

corrections

(if

any)

to

this

manual,

due

to

known

errors

in

print,

are

called

Errata

and

are

shown

on

the

change

sheet.

For

information

on

manual

cover-

age

of

any

hpinstrument,

contact

the

nearest

hp

Sales/

Service

Office

(addresses

are

listed

at

the

rear

of

this

manual).

02612-2

m—-—

UÓ——————

Model

181

A/AR

|.

Section

H

Paragraphs

2-1

to

2-17

SECTION

Hi

INSTALLATION

2-1.

INITIAL

INSPECTION.

2-2.

MECHANICAL

CHECK.

Check

the

shipping

carton

for

damage

immediately

after

receipt.

If

itis

.damaged,

ask

the

carrier's

agent

to

be

present

when

the

instrument

is

unpacked.

Inspect

the

Model

181A/AR

for

physical

damage

such

as

bent

or

broken

parts

and

dents

or

scratches.

If

damage

is

found,

refer

to

Paragraph

2-4

for

recommended

claim

procedure.

H

the

Model

181A/AR

appears

undamaged,

perform

the

electrical

check

(Paragraph

2-3).

Retain

the

pack-

aging

material

for

possible

future

use.

2-3.

ELECTRICAL

CHECK.

The

performance

check

is

given

in

Paragraphs

5-5

through

5-14.

This

check

will

determine

whether

or

not

the

instrumentis

still

operating

within

its

specifications

as

listed

in

Table

1-1.

The

initial

performance

and

accuracy

of

this

instrument

are

certified

as

stated

on

the

inside

front

cover

of

this

manual.

If

the

Model

181A/AR

does

not

operate

as

specified,

refer

to

Paragraph

2-4

for

the

recommended

claim

procedure.

Priortoiniti-

ating

any

performance

check,

refer

to

Paragraphs

2-10

through

2-14

andthe

operating

guidance

provided

in

Section

HI.

2-4.

CLAIMS.

2-5.

H

physical

damage

is

found

or

if

the

instrument

is

not

within

specifications

when

received,

notify

the

carrier

and

the

nearest

Hewlett-Packard

Sales/Service

Office

immediately.

The

Sales/Service

Office

will

arrange

for

the

repair

or

replacement

of

the

instrument

without

waiting

for

a

claim

to

be

settled

with

the

carrier.

2-6,

REPACKAGING

FOR

SHIPMENT.

2-7.

Hf

the

instrument

is

to

be

shipped

to

a

Hewlett-

Packard

Sales/Service

Office,

attach

atagto

it

show-

ing

owner

and

owner's

address,

instrument's

model

number

and

8

digit

serial.number,

and

a

description

of

service

required.

2-8.

The

original

shipping

carton

and

packaging

ma-

terials,

exceptfor

the

accordion-pleated

pads,

should

be

used

for

reshipment..

If

they

are

not

available

or

reusable,

the

instrument

should

be

repackaged

with

the

following

materials:

a.

A

double-walled

carton

(refer

to

Tabie

2-1

for

test

strength

required).

Table

2-1.

Shipping

Carton

Test

Strength

Gross

Weight

(ibs)

Carton

Test

Strength

(lbs)

up

to

10

10

to

30

30

to

120

120

to

140

140

to

160

02612-3

b.

Heavy

paper

or

sheets

of

cardboard

to

protect

all

instrument

surfaces

(use

a

nonabrasive

material

such

as

polyurethane

or

à

cushioned

paper

such

as.

Kimpak

around

all

projecting

parts).

C.

At

least

4

inches

of

tightly

packed,

industry

approved,

shock

absorbing

material,

such

as

extra

firm

polyurethane

foam.

d.

Heavy

duty

shipping

tape

to

secure

outside

of

carton.

(2-9.

PREPARATION

FOR

USE.

2-10.

POWER

REQUIREMENTS.

2-11.

The

Model

181A/AR

requires

either

a

115

or

230

vac

+10%,

single

phase,

50to

400

Hz

power

source

:

that

can

deliver

100

watts.

a.

115V

OPERATION.

Thisinstrument

as

shipped,

is

ready

for

operation

on

115

vac.

See

Step

b

below

for

230

vac

operation.

Before

applying

power,

check

the

rear

panel

slide

switch

for

proper

position,

(115

or

230).

b.

230V

OPERATION.

If

the

instrument

is

to

be

operated

on

230

vac,

setthe

rear

panel

switch

to

230.

It

is

not

necessary

to

replace

the

115V

fuse.

Position-

ing

the

115/230

switch

selects

the

proper

fuse

forthe

desired

voltage.

2.12.

THREE-CONDUCTOR

POWER

CABLE.

2-13.

The

National

Electrical

Manufacturer's

Associ-

ation

(NEMA)

recommends

that

the

instrument

panel

and

cabinet

be

grounded

to

protect

the

operating

per-

.

sonnel.

The

Model

181A/AR

is

equipped

with

a

de-

tachable

three-conductor

power

cord

which,

when

plugged

into

an

appropriate

outlet,

grounds

the

instru-

ment

through

the

round

offset

pin.

When

operating

the

Model

181A/AR

from

a

two-contact

outlet,

use

a

three-conductor

to

two-conductor

adapter.

Preserve

the

safety

feature

by

grounding

the

adapter

lead.

A

3-way

grounding

terminal

is

also

provided

on

the

rear

panel

of

the

instrument.

2-14.

INSTRUMENT

MOUNTING.

2-15.

BENCH

USE. Both

the

Model

181A

and

the

Model

181AR,

as

shipped

from

the

factory,

are

in-

tended

for

bench

use,

The

Model

181AR,

however,

may

be

rack

mounted

as

described

in

Paragraph

2-16.

2-16.

RACK

MOUNTING.

A

kit

for

converting

the

Model

181AR

to

a

rack

mount

is

supplied

with

each

instrument.

Instructions

for

making

the

conversion

are

given

below.

Refer

to

Figure

2-1

for

parts

iden-

tification.

2-1

Section

II

Paragraphs

2-18

to

2-22

BOTTOM

PANEL

iras

TILT

STAND

"d

FOOT-BUTTON

PLASTIC

FOOT

TRIM

STRIP

Model

181A/AR

-A

|

ADHESIVE

BACK)

"d

acm

MOUNTING

FLANGE

TOOOHF

-8—19

Figure

2-1.

Bernch/Rack-Mount

Conversion

‘a.

Detach

tilt

stand

by

pressing

itaway

from

front

feet.

Remove

all

plastic

feet

by

depressing

metal

but-

ton

and

sliding

feet

free.

b.

Remove

aluminum

trim

stripfrom

each

side

of

instrument

with

a

thin

blade

tool.

c.

Attach

rack

mounting

flange

in

space

from

which

trim

strip

was

removed

{use

screws

provided

with

kit).

Large

notch

of

flange

should

be

positioned

at

bottom

of

instrument.

2-17.

INSTRUMENT

COOLING.

2-18.

The

Model

181A/AR

does

not

need

forced-air

cooling

when

operated

in

an

amibient

temperature

of

0

to

+55

degrees

centigrade.

Normal

air

circula-

tion

wil

maintain

a

reasonable

temperature

within

the

instrument.

2-19.

CONTRAST

FILTER

AND

BEZEL

REMOVAL.

2-20.

A

contrast

filter

which

also

acts

as

an

RFI

Shield

is

located

behind

the

bezel.

Use

ofthe

filter

is

recommended

since

it

provides

for

comfortable

viewingand

RFI

shielding.

In

specificcases,

however,

such

as

when

a

camera

is

attached

for

use

with

the

oscilloscope,

removal

of

the

filter

may

be

desirable.

To

accomplish

this,

merely

remove

the

bezel

as

shown

in

Figure

2-2,

slip

the

filter

out,

and

replace

the

bezel.

2-21.

To

remove

the

bezel,

grasp

it

as

shown

in

Figure

2~2A,

gently

apply

a

downwardpressure

with

the

index

fingers

until

the

bezel's

upper

ear

is

free

of

its

slot,

pull

slightly

forward

and

release.

Next,

grasp

the

bezel

as

shown

in

Figure

2-2B,

apply

an

upward

pressure

with

the

thumbs

until

the

bezel's

2-2

lower

ear

clears

its

slot,

pull

forward

and

remove

the

bezel.

Be

certain

to

apply

pressure

on

the

inner

edge

of

the

bezel

to

release

the

ears

in

both

steps

since

pressure

on

the

outer

edge

tends

to

cause

a

swivel

action,

defeating

the

purpose,

and

subjecting.

the

ears

to

possible

damage.

Figure

2-2,

Bezel

Removal

02612-3

Model

181A/AR

Section

HI

Paragraphs

3-1

to

3-16

SECTION

Ili

OPERATION

3-1.

INTRODUCTION.

3-2.

The

Model

181A/AR

is

a

light

weight,

variable

persistence,

storage

oscilloscope

using

plug-in

vertical

-andhorizontal

modules.

Both

highand

low

voltage

pow-

er

supplies,

a

calibrator,

the

CRT,

and

circuitry

for

the

variable

persistence

and

storage

operationare

con-

tained

in

the

Model

181A/AR.

A

compartment

for

the

horizontal

and

vertical

plug-ins

is

locatedinthe

lower

portion

of

the

Model

181A

and

in

the

right

hand

portion

of

the

Model

181AR.

In

both

models

the

compartment

is

designed

to

accept

the

vertical

plug-in

on

the

left

side

and

the

horizontal

plug-in

on

the

right.

The

plug-

in

units

must

be

locked

together

before

being

inserted

into

the

compartment(see

plug-in

manuals).

3-3.

OPERATING

CONSIDERATIONS.

3-4.

Prior

to

operating

the

Model

181A/AR,

the

oper-

ator

must

have

a

thorough

understanding

of

instrument

operation

and

control

functions.

This

section

should

be

readinits

entirety

before

attempting

to

operate

the

instrument.

To

avoid

CRT

damage,

the

following

pro-

cedure

should

be

followed

every

time

the

instrument

is

operated.

3-5.

The

following

are

steps

that

must

betakenprior

toapplying

power

tothe

Model

181A/AR

Oscilloscope.

-a.

Depress

WRITE

push

button.

pb.

Set

PERSISTENCE

control

fully

ecw.

c.

Set

INTENSITY

control

fully

cew.

d.

Apply

power

to

Model

181A/AR

e.

After

3

minutes,

the

entire

CRT

viewing

area

should

be

evenly

flooded

green.

l

NOTE

If

there

is

no

green

illumination,

turn

instrument

off

and

check

all

CRT

con-

nections.

.

3-6.

CONTROLS

AND

CONNECTORS.

3-7.

The

location

of

operating

controis

andconnectors

is

shown

in

Figure

3-1

together

witha

brief

explanation

of

their

functions.

Additionai

information

regarding

some

of

these

controls

and

connectors

is

provided

below.

3.8.

FRONT

PANEL.

3-9.

FOCUS

AND

ASTIGMATISM.

These

controls

are

providedtoassure

uniform

focus

of

the

trace

over

the

entire

CRT

screen.

To

adjust,

set

the

Presentation

Selector

to

WRITE,

center

a

low-intensity

spot

on

the

CRT

screen,

and

adjust

FOCUS

and

ASTIGMATISM

02612-2

controls

for

a

small,

round,

sharply

focused

spot.

Readjustment

of

the

ASTIGMATISM

controlis

seldom

required

except,

for

example,

when

the

vertical

plug-

in

is

changed.

3-10.

STORE.

In

order

to

retain

whatever

is

visible

on

the

CRT,

depressthe

STORE

push

button.

The

sig-

nal

will

be

stored

at

reduced

intensity,

resulting

in

a

storage

time

of

greater

than

one

hour.

The

INTENSITY,

PERSISTENCE,

FOCUS,

ERASE,

and

HORIZONTAL

POSITION

controls

do

not

affectthe

presentation

in

the

STORE

mode.

3-11.

In

some

applications,

it

may

be

desirableto

show

several

overlapping

traces

at

once.

This

is

possible

through

proper

manipulation

of

the

PERSISTENCE

and

INTENSITY

controls.

Simply

obtainthe

desired

mul-

tiple

trace

display

in

the

WRITE

mode,

then

depress

the

STORE

push

button.

3-12.

A

display

stored

on

the

CRT

when

power

is

re-

moved

from

the

instrument

will

remain

stored

for

Severaldays.

In

order

to

observethis

stored

display,

depress

the

VIEW

push

button

and

turn

the

POSITION

control

on

the

Vertical

Plug-in

counterclockwise

prior

to

restoring

power

to

the

instrument.

This

prevents

a

bright

spot

from

being

portrayed

on

the

screen

due

to

the

initial

surge

from

the

CRT

write

gun.

.

3-13.

Several

individual

waveforms

may

also

be

stored,

eventhoughtheyare

writtenatdifferenttimes.

Having

storedatrace,

for

instance,

the

operator

may

choose

to

switch

backto

WRITE

andrecordanothertrace,

etc.,

prior

to

erasing.

And

by

turning

the

Model

181A/AR

power

off,

as

few

as

one

trace

a

day

can

be

recorded

fora

weekor

more,

dependingontotaltime

instrument

is

turned

on,

as

storage

time

would

decrease

accord-

ingly.

3-14.

VIEW.

To

observe

a

previously

stored

display,

depress

the

VIEW

push

button.

The

stored

display

will

be

intensified

to

a

brightness

level

determined

by

the

intensity

and

persistence

values

selected

during

the

writeprocess.

Again,

theINTENSITY,

PERSISTENCE,

FOCUS,

ERASE

and

POSITION

controls

do

not

affect

the

display.

Excessive

intensity

for

long

duration

may

damage

the

CRT

storage

mesh.

The

INTENSITY

setting

for

any

sweep

speed

should

be

minimum

usable

in-

tensity.

3-15.

NORMAL,

Selection

of

this

operating

mode

dis-

ables

the

variable

persistence

and

storage

features

of

the

instrument.

Itwillnowfunctionasa

conventional,

general

purpose,

oscilloscope.

The

PERSISTENCE

control

does

not

function

in

this

mode.

Always

adjust

INTENSITY

in

WRITE

mode

with

minimum

PERSIS-

TENCE,

then

switch

to

NORMAL.

3-16.

WRITE.

Depressing

the

WRITE

push

button

3-1

Section

HI

Figure

3-1

Note:

1,

FOCUS:

Controls

sharpness

of

writing

beam.

2.

STORE:

Retains

displayed

signal

at

reduced

intensity

for

long

time

storage.

3.

VIEW:

Intensifies

stored

display

to

brightness

‘level

for

viewing.

4.

NORMAL:

Selects

operation

as

standard

oscil-

loscope.

5.

WRITE:

Operates

CRT

at

normal

writing

rate

with

variable

persistence.

6.

MAX

WRITE:

Operates

CRT

at

maximum

writing

rate

with

variable

persistence.

ERASE:

Removes

stored

or

written

displays.

8.

PERSISTENCE:

Controls

endurance

time

of

.

displayed

signal.

9.

ASTIGMATISM:

Adjust

roundness

of

writing

beam.

10.

TRACE

ALIGN:

Rotates

trace

around

center

of

CRT

face.

11.

FIND

BEAM:

Returns

display

to

CRT.

12.

INTENSITY:

Controls

brightness

of

display.

13.

POSITION:

Coarse

adjustment

of

display's

horizontal

position.

14.

FINE:

Fine

adjustment

of

display's

horizontal

position,

l

15.

MAGNIFIER:

Magnifies

horizontal

display.

16.

PHASE/BANDWIDTH:

Selects

between

nor-

mal

operation

(BANDWIDTH)

and

XY

opera-

tion

(PHASE).

Located

inside

on

board.

Figure

3-1.

3-2

roo

om

H.

18.

19.

20.

21.

K.

Model

181A/AR

Xo.

0

OCC

HA:

BIA-

A-

11A

Models181A

and

181AR

differ

only

in

power

module

location.

Allcontrolsare

identical.

See

Fig.

1-1.

DISPLAY:

Selects

source

of

horizontal

input

signal.

AC/DC:

Selects

AC

or

DC

coupling

of

an

ex-

ternal

horizontal

input

signal.

—

EXT

INPUT:

BNC

connector

for

coupling

an

external

horizontal

input

signal

to

oscilloscope.

POWER:

Push-button

switch

with

indicator

light

for

turning

oscilloscope

on

and

off.

CALIBRATOR:

Provides

a

1~kKHz

square

wave

signal

at

10v

pk-pk.

l

REAR

PANEL

AC

INPUT:

3-wire

ac

power

line

input

jack,

MAIN

GATE

OUTPUT:

BNC

for

connecting

main

gate

to

external

equipment,

DELAYED

GATE

OUTPUT:

BNC

for

connect-

ing

delayed

gate

to

external

equipment.

DELAYED

SWEEP

OUTPUT:

BNC

for

con-

necting

delayed

sweep

to

external

equipment.

MAIN

SWEEP

OUTPUT:

BNC

for

connecting

main

sweep

to

external

equipment,

Z-AXIS INPUT:

BNC

for

connecting

external

intensification

or

blanking

signal.

FUSE:

AC

line

fuse

for

230vac

operation.

FUSE:

AC

line

fuse

for

115vac

operation.

LINE

SWITCH:

Input

power

switch

for

selec-

tion

of

115vac

or

230vac

operation.

GROUNDING

CONNECTOR:

3-way

connector

jack

for

instrument

grounding.

Front

and

Rear

Panel

Controls

and

Connectors.

02612-2

Model

181A/AR

establishes

the

CRT

in

a

condition

for

variable

per-

sistence

display

of

a

signal

which

can

later

be

stored.

Use

the

minimum

INTENSITY

and

maximum

PERSIS-

TENCE

required

to

obtain

the

desired

display.

3-171.

MAX

WRITE.

Operation

in

the

Max

Write

mode

(MAX

W.)

provides

a

more

rapid

build-up

and

display

of

fast

single-shot

signals.

Since

the

background

il-

lumination

also

increases

more

rapidly,

the

CRT

con-

trast

level

and

storage

time

are

reduced.

3-18.

ERASE.

Depressingthe

ERASE

push

button

will

remove

stored

signals

from

the

CRT

when

either

the

WRITE

or

MAX

W

push

buttonisdepressed.

Stored

or

written

displays

that

remain

visible

after

erasure,

may

require

the

ERASE

push-button

be

held

depress-

ed

for

approximately

30

seconds.

3-19.

PERSISTENCE

ANDINTENSITY.

These

controls

determine

the

viewing

time

of

a

signal

being

displayed.

The

INTENSITY

sets

the

brightness

of

the

trace

as

it

is

written.

The

PERSISTENCE

control

is

used

to

establishthe

desired

duration

of

signal

viewing

without

rewriting.

Itaccomplishes

this

by

varying

the

rate

at

.

Which

the

displayed

signal

is

erased.

3-20.

TRACE

ALIGN.

The

TRACE

ALIGN

adjustment

controlcompensatesífor

external

magnetic

fields

that

may

affect

the

alignment

of

the

horizontal

trace

with

the

graticule.

Thealignment

should

be

checked

when

the

instrument

is

moved

to

a

new

location

and

the

ad-

justment

made

whenever

necessary.

3-21.

FIND

BEAM.

Off-screen

positioning

of

the

CRT

beam

may

occur

due

to

initial

improper

control

set-

tings

or

a

very

high

dc

input

signal.

The

beam

may

be

brought

back

on

screen

by

depressing

the

FIND

BEAM

push

button.

Adjustthe

horizontaland

vertical

position

controls

to

center

the

beam

(refer

to

the

plug-

in

manuals).

Adjust

the

INTENSITY

controlto

obtain

a

visible

trace.

.

9-22.

MAGNIFIER,

Whenthe

DISPLAY

control

is

set

to

EXT

CAL,

the

MAGNIFIER

provides

switched

gain

levels

in

the

horizontal

amplifier

of

X1, X5,

or

X10.

In

the

X5

or

X10

positions,

the

horizontal

gain

is

in-

creased

to

provide

an

amplified

display

of

five

or

ten

times,

respectively.

Theinsertion

ofa

1v

signal

into

the

EXT

INPUT

jack

will

result

ina

1-division

deflec-

tionin

X1,

5-division

in

X5,

anda

10-division

deflec-

tion

in

the

X10

position.

8-23.

DISPLAY.

This

control

determines

the

input

signaltothe

horizontalamplifier.

With

the

DISPLAY

controlsetto

EXT

CAL,

the

external

horizontal

input

signal

is

coupled

directly

to

the

horizontal

amplifier.

As

the

DISPLAY

control

is

rotated

counterclockwise,

the

external

signal

is

increasingly

attenuated.

When

the

DISPLAY

control

is

fully

counterclockwise

(INT),

the

externalinputsignalis

disconnectedandthe

inter-

nal

sweep

is

coupled

directly

to

the

horizontal

ampli-

fier.

3-24.

CALIBRATOR.

The

1

kHz

square-wave

calibrator

output

signal

of

10v

can

beused

for

vertical

sensitivity

calibration

and

for

probe

compensationadjustment.

The

CALIBRATOR

output

amplitude

is

accurate

within:

1%.

Rise

time

of

the

square-wave

output

is

less

than

3

u

sec.

02612-2

Section

IH

Paragraphs

3-17

to

3-37

3-25.

REAR

PANEL.

3-26.

OUTPUTS.

Main

and

delayed

sweep

and

gate

signals

are

available

at

rear

panel

BNC

connectors

of

the

Model

181A/AR.

These

outputs

are

providedfrom

separate

isolationamplifiers

which

can

supply

3

ma

and

will

drive

impedances

as

low

as

1000

ohms

without

distortion.

The

plug-ins

used

in

the

Model

181A/AR

and

the

control

settings

employed

deter

mine

the

out-

put

signals

available.

3-27.

Z-AXIS

INPUT.

Anexternal

signal

can

be

util-

-

izedfor

control

of

CRT

intensity.

A

rear~panel

mounted

BNC

connector

permits

a

direct

connectionto

the

CRT

intensity

gate

amplifier.

A

signal

of

approximately

42v,

dcto

15

MHz,

isrequired

to

blank

a

beam

of

nor-

mal

intensity.

Input

of

a

negative

signal

c

can

be

used

for

beam

intensification.

3-28.

AC

LINE

INPUT.

A

three-conductor

ac

input

jack

is

providedfor

power

input.

Also

located

on

the

rear

panelis

the

115/230v

slide

switch

andthe

required

fuses

for

115

vac

and

230

vac

operation.

3-29.

INTERNAL.

3-30.

PHASE/BANDWIDTH.

'TheModel181A/AR

can

also

be

usedfor

phase

measurements.

Positioning

the

.PHASE/BANDWIDTH

switch

to

PHASE

causes

the

horizontal

input

signal

to

be

delayedthe

same

amount

of

time

as

the

vertical

input

signal.

NOTE

Make

certain

the

control

is

returned

to

the

Bandwidth

position

after

making

phase

measurements.

i

3-31.

PLUG-IN

UNITS.

3-32.

The

Model

181A/AR

Oscilloscope

requires

hori-

zontaland

vertical

plug-ins.

The

deflection

sensitivity

of

the

CRT

may

vary

slightly

with

differentunits.

Plug-

in

units

should

be

calibrated

when

first

installed

or

when

shifted

between

oscilloscopes.

The

horizontal

and

vertical

plug-in

units

must

be

locked

together

prior

to

insertion

into

the

Model

181A/AR

mainframe.

Con-

sult

the

respective

plug-in

Operating

andService

Man-

ual

for

operation

and

capability

information.

3-33.

MAGNETIC

INTERFERENCE.

3-34.

The

CRT

is

provided

witha

mu-

metal

shield

for

protection

against

magnetic

fields.

Duetothe

sensi-

tivity

ofthe

CRT,

it

is

possible

that

the

strong

magnetic

fieldfrom

nearby

motors,

ac

linetransformers,

etc.,

may

still

result

in

a

noticeable

beam

deflection)

In

this

event,

reorient

or

relocate

the

instrument

with

respect

to

the

interfering

device.

l

3-35.

OPERATING

CONDITIONS.

3-36.

DEFINITIONS.

3-37.

Several

words

and

phrases,

the

definition

of.

which

may

vary

slightly

from

common

usage,

are

used

3-3

Section

II

Paragraphs

3-38

to

3-43

to

describe

the

operation

of

the

Model

181A/AR.

The

.

definitions

ofthese

words

and

phrases

which

apply

to

_the

Model

181A/AR

are

as

follows:

a.

WRITE-To

transform

an

input

signal

into

a

visible

display

on

the

CRT

screen.

b.

PERSISTENCE-The

iength

of

time

a

single

Sweep

written

display

remains

visible

on

the

CRT

Screen

(INTENSITY

and

sweep

time

constant).

c.

STORE-To

retain,

at

reducedintensity,

a

dis-

piay

which

has

been

written

on

the

CRT.

d.

VIEW-To

redisplay

onthe

CRT

screen,

at

nor-

mal

intensity,

a

stored

display.

e.

ERASE-

To

remove

all

displays,

and

blooms

which

have

been

stored,

or

written

with

persistence

on

the

CRT.

f.

INTENSITY-The

brightness

of

a

display

as

it

is

written

on

the

CRT

sereen

(

PERSISTENCE

and

Sweep

Time

Constant).

g.

BLOOM-A

visible,

non-symmetrical

expan-

sion

of

a

display

written

on

the

CRT

screen.

LIB

EAT

A

I2]

Figure

3-2.

Fade

Positive

and

BackgroundIllumination.

3-4

Model

181A/AR

h.

FADE

POSITIVE-Display

obscured

by

slow

blooming,

see

Figure

3-2A.

i

BACKGROUND

ILLUMINATION-A

green

cloud

of

illumination

visible

on

the

CRT

screen,

see

Figure

3-2B.

j

SWEEP

TIME-The

time

(inseconds,

millisec-

onds,

or

microseconds)

required

for

the

beam

to

move

horizontally

one

unit

of

distance

across

the

CRT

screen,

when

writing

a

display.

3.38.

CONTROL

FUNCTIONS.

3-39.

PERSISTENCE

ANDINTENSITY.

These

controls

contribute

to

the

duration

of

afterglow

ofadisplay.

The

PERSISTENCE

control

sets

the

rate

at

which

a

display

is

erased;

INTENSITY

sets

the

brightness

of

the

trace

as

it

is

written.

With

a

given

PERSISTENCE

setting,

the

actual

duration

of

trace

afterglow

may

be

increased

by

increasing

the

INTENSITY.

Since

the

PERSISTENCE

control

sets

the

rate

of

erasing

a

written

display,

it

follows

that

a

brighter

trace

will

require

more

time

to

be

erased.

Conversely,

a

display

of

low

intensity

.

wil

disappear

more

rapidly.

The

same

principle

applies

to

a

stored

display

of

high

and

low

intensity.

The

storage

mesh

of

the

CRT

is

not

easily

damaged,

however,

a

high-

intensity

repetitive

trace

or

spot,

writ-

ten

on

the

screen

for

an

extended

time,

may

not

erase

completely.

To

prevent

CRT

damage,

use

minimum

INTENSITY

which

will

give

the

desired

display

for

a

given

PERSISTENCE

setting.

3-40.

PRESENTATION

SELECTION,

Push

button

controls

select

the

mode

in.which

the

CRT

functions,

With

ERASE

push

button

depressed,

the

other

three

functions

are

disconnectedandall

stored

and

persist-

ing

displays

are

removed

from

the

CRT.

The

WRITE

and

MAX

W.

modes

are

the

only

conditions

in

which

a

display

may

be

written

on

the

CRT

screen.

The

STORE

mode

disconnects

the

WRITE

and

ERASE

func-

tions

and

retains

written

displays

(at

reduced

intens-

ity)

on

the

CRT.

INTENSITY,

PERSISTENCE,

and

ERASE

do

not

function

in

the

STORE

mode.

The

VIEW

mode

intensifies

the

stored

dispiay

to

a

set

brightness

and

again,

INTENSITY,

PERSISTENCE,

and

ERASE

do

not

affect

the

display.

3-41.

MAX

WRITE.

When

MAX

W.

push

buttonis

de-

pressedandthen

the

ERASE

push

button

is

depressed

and

released,

the

storage

surface

is

erased

and

then

primed

(or

pre-fogged)

to

allow

much

faster

writing

on

the

storage

surface.

The

display,

however,

has

reduced

contrast

and

fades

positive

more

rapidly.

The

contrast

and

storage

time

are

also

reduced

in

this

mode.

3-42.

OPERATING

TIPS.

3-43.

This

information

is

provided

toaidthe

operator

in

becoming

familiar

with

the

Model

181A/AR

controls

andtheir

functions,

andtoserveas

a

guide

for

obtain-

ing

the

desired

CRT

display.

a.

For

normal

persistence

operation,

depress

WRITE

push

button

and

turn

PERSISTENCE

control

02612-3