Finest 226 Manuel utilisateur

226

228

AUTOMOTIVE MULTIMETER

USER’S MANUAL

FINE INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION

- TEL: (82-31) 470-8888 - FAX: (82-31) 470-8887

- www.finest. co.kr - E-mail: [email protected]

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Litho in Korea.

a world leader in test & measurement

Room # 601, DAEWOO TECHNOPIA, 768-1, WONSI-DONG, DANWON-GU,

ANSAN-SI, GYEONGGI-DO, SOUTH KOREA

SOURCES LIKE SMALL HAND-HELD RADIO

TRANSCEIVERS, FIXED STATION RADIO AND

TELEVISION TRANSMITTERS, VEHICLE RADIO

TRANSMITTERS AND CELLULAR PHONES

GENERATE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

THAT MAY INDUCE VOLTAGES IN THE TEST

LEADS OF THE MULTIMETER. IN SUCH CASES

THE ACCURACY OF THE MULTIMETER CAN-

NOT BE GUARANTEED DUE TO PHYSICAL

REASONS.

DO NOT FORGET INSTALL THE EXTRA

BATTERY COVER AFTER REPLACING THE

BATTERY FOR PROTECTION.

WARNING!

Measurement Limits:

DC Voltage : 0.1 mV to 600 V

AC Voltage : 1 mV to 600 V

RPM : 30 to 9000 RPM

Resistance : 0 to 40 M

Frequency : 0.5 Hz to 200 kHz [ 226 only ]

Pulse Width : 0.5 to 1999.9 mS

Dwell : 0 ° to 356.4 °

% Duty Cycle : 0 to 99.9 %

Temperature : -40 to +2,498 [ 228 only ]

( -40 to +1,370 )

Continuity check : Beep sounds at approx. < 100 in the 4 K

range

WARNING!

READ “ SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS” BEFORE USING THIS

METER.

This instrument is handheld and battery operated. It is designed

and tested according to IEC Publication 1010-1 (EN61010-1),

(Overvoltage Category III), the EMC Directive (EN 50081-1 and

EN 50082-1), UL 1244 & UL 201 and other safety standards (see “

Specifications”).

This User’s Manual tells you how to use this instrument. You may

also need a manual that provides technical information for the

vehicle you plan to test. The most important information resources

are the vehicle’s service repair manuals.

This User’s Manual should be used as a guide to get you started in

troubleshooting. Your real learning can best be accomplished

through experiences.

Features:

¥Accurate mS-Pulse Width function to test on-time of fuel

injectors

¥High-speed 41 segment analog bar graph updated 20

times/second — as fast as the eye can follow

¥Accurate automotive electronics test and advanced

measurements with dc/ac Volts, Resistance.....

¥Direct reading of Dwell without using Duty Cycle to Dwell

conversion chart when testing electronic fuel injection, feedback

carburetors, and ignition systems

¥RPM measurement for automotive engines with 1 to 8 Cylinders

using the Inductive Pickup

1. INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction 3

2. International Symbols 4

3. Explanation of Controls and Indicators 8

4. Power - on options 17

5. Basic electrical tests and measurements 18

6. Basic automotive diagnostic testing 37

Battery tests 37

Voltage drop tests 41

Starter motor tests 46

Charging system tests 48

Ignition system tests 51

Summary of automotive electrical system tests 57

7. Maintenance and replaceable parts 59

8. Specifications 61

Electrical specifications 61

General specifications 63

CONTENTS

2 3

■Keep cigarettes, sparks, and open flame away from battery at all

times.

■Keep yourself clear of all moving or hot engine parts.

■Always avoid working alone.

■Do not try to measure any voltage that exceeds 600 V dc or ac

rms.

■Voltages above 25 V dc or ac rms may constitute a serious

shock hazard.

■Do not attempt to use this instrument if either the instrument or

the test leads have been damaged.

■Use a clamp current probe.

■Avoid electrical shock: do not touch the test leads, tips or the

circuit being tested.

■Select the proper function and range for the measurement.

Do not try voltage measurements that may exceed the ratings

marked on the input limit for switch or terminal.

■Disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting the common

test lead.

International symbols

Dangerous Voltage ( Risk of electric shock)

Alternating Current (ac)

Direct Current (dc)

Either dc or ac

¥This instrument exercises 4 step adjustable +/- triggers on 1 to 8

Cylinders, motorcycles and conventional engines for accurate

measurements of RPM, Dwell, Duty-cycle, and mS-Pulse Width

of injectors.

¥Accurate non-automotive Frequency measurements with 20000

count on the high resolution 4000 count display [ 226 Only ]

¥Temperature measurement up to 2,498 ˚F (or 1,370 ˚C) for

catalytic converters, fan switch on/off,.... [ 228 Only ]

¥Non-TRMS

Electricity is dangerous and can cause injury and death. Always

treat it with the greatest of respect and care. If you are not quite

sure how to proceed, stop and take advice from a qualified person.

■Exhaust gas contains carbon monoxide which is odorless, causes

slower reaction time, and can lead to serious injury. When testing

vehicle with engine running, testing should be always done in a

well-ventilated area or route exhaust gas outside.

■Set the parking brake and block the wheels before testing or

repairing the vehicle, unless instructed otherwise. It is

especially important to block the wheels on front-wheel drive

vehicles: The parking brake does not hold the drive wheels.

The ignition or fuel system must always be disabled when

performing starting system tests.

■Always wear an eye shield when working near batteries.

■Do not smoke or allow open flames or sparks in the work area.

Gasoline fumes and gases produced by batteries are highly

explosive.

2. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

4 5

Ground (maximum permitted voltage between terminal

and ground)

Caution! Refer to the user’s manual before using this

Meter.

Double Insulation (Protection Class ll)

WARNING!

OBSERVE ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN MEASURING

HIGH VOLTAGES. TURN OFF POWER TO THE CIRCUIT

UNDER TEST, SET THIS METER TO THE DESIRED FUNCTION

AND RANGE, CONNECT THE TEST LEADS TO THIS METER

AND THEN TO THE CIRCUIT UNDER TEST. REAPPLY

POWER. IF AN ERRONEOUS READING IS OBSERVED,

DISCONNECT POWER IMMEDIATELY AND RECHECK ALL

SETTINGS AND CONNECTIONS.

Don’t Forget!

•To maintain accuracy of the Meter, replace the discharged

battery immediately when the Low-Battery symbols, ,

appears on the display of the Meter.

•Keep the Meter away from spark plug or coil wires to avoid

measuring error from external interference.

•Remove the test leads from the test points before changing

functions to avoid damaging the Meter when testing voltage.

•Do not exceed the input limits shown in the table below:

FUNCTION (+) TERMINAL MAXIMUM INPUT

VΩRPM 600 V

* Ω

**Hz

RPM

Duty Cycle (%) VΩRPM 500 V DC/AC

Dwell

***Temperature VΩRPM 60 V DC or 24 V AC RMS

*Ohms can be measured only in a nonpowered circuit.

* * Hz(non-automotive Frequency measurement) function is available in Model: 226

Only.

* * * Temperature mode is available in Model: 228 Only.

6 7

VΩRPM 600 V

1 – DIGITAL DISPLAY. Digital readings are displayed on a

4000 count display with polarity indication and automatic

decimal point placement. When this Meter is turned on, all

display segments and symbols appear briefly during a

selftest. The display updates four times per second.

2 – ANALOG BAR GRAPH. The bar graph provides an analog

representation of readings and updates 20 times per second.

The 2 x 41 segment bar graph illuminates from left to right as

the input increases. The bargraph is easier to read when the

data causes the digital display to rapidly change. It is also

useful for trend setting or directional data.

The bar graph is not displayed when measuring RPM, Pulse

Width, Dwell, Duty cycle and Frequency.

3 – ON/OFF . Selects meter’s power ON or power OFF.

4 – DC/AC. Toggle between volts dc and ac;

Toggles between 2-Cycle engines (or DIS* 4-

Cycle engines) and 4-Cycle engines when the

Meter is in the RPM mode (The change in the

number of Cycles is indicated by the number

preceding STR on the LCD display);

Toggles between ˚C and ˚F in the temperature

mode [ 228 Only ];

Toggles between Ωand in the Ω/ function.

* DIS = Distributorless Ignition System

5 – RANGE. Press the RANGE button to select the Manual

Range mode and turn off the “AT” symbol. (The

Meter remains in the range it was in when manual

ranging was selected.)

3. EXPLANATION OF CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

8 9

* * 11 RPM, V, Ω[ 226 Only ]

To exit the Manual Range mode and return to

autoranging, press and hold down the RANGE

button for 2 seconds. The “AT” symbol turns back

on.

When the Meter is in the Dwell mode, press the

CYL (RANGE) button to toggle between

1,2,3,4,5,6,8 cylinder engines. The change in the

number of cylinders is indicated by the number

preceding CYL on the LCD display.

6 – HOLD ( Fix Hold

). Automatically captures a stable

reading, beeps to acknowledge, and holds it on

the LCD.

When the Meter is in the mS-Pulse mode, press

this button to measure Dwell.

To measure Duty cycle (or Duty factor) in percent,

press this button again; % is displayed on the

LCD.

To measure automotive Frequency (Hz), press

this button again.

You can step through mS-Pulse, Dwell, Duty

cycle (%) and automotive Frequency (Hz)

measurement mode by pressing this button.

Press any other button to exit these modes.

10 11

7 – Toggles between a Negative (–) and Positive (+)

Trigger Slope when the Meter is in the Pulse

Width or Duty cycle (%) mode; Press this button

down for 2 seconds to toggle between a negative

(–) and positive (+) trigger slope. The change in

the trigger slope is indicated by a + or - shown at

the lower left corner of the display. The Meter

defaults to a – trigger slope. Once the trigger

slope is selected, press this button repeatedly to

adjust trigger level if the Meter reading is too high

or unstable.

•The Trigger Level has Four steps and is different for each

function combination.

Press this button to move one step at a time for selecting a

suitable trigger level. The change in the number of step is

indicated by the number above the “TRIG” symbol at the lower

left corner of the LCD.

•The step number on the LCD is a good indication of the

Trigger Level.

FUNCTION TRIGGER LEVEL

STEP RPM, mS-Pulse, Dwell, Duty %

3+8 V

2+6.25 V

1+3.2 V

0+1.6 V

8 – ROTARY SWITCH. Describes functions that are selected by

setting the rotary selector switch.

Adp mV Millivolts dc or adaptor (current probe)

VVolts dc/ac

Ω/Resistance/Continuity test

RPM RPM measurement on 2 or 4 stroke engines

using the Inductive Pickup on a spark plug wire

mS-Pulse Pulse Width, Dwell, Duty cycle (%) or automotive

Hz(Automotive Hz) measurement

Hz Frequency (Non-automotive Hz) measurement

[ 226 Only ]

TEMP Temperature [ 228 Only ]

9 – CE. This Meter is CE-marking certificated.

10 – COM (Common Terminal). The black test lead is plugged

into this terminal for all measurements. When measuring

temperature, a thermocouple adapter is plugged into this

terminal.

11 – . The red test lead is plugged into this terminal

for all measurements. When measuring

temperature, a thermocouple adapter is

plugged into this terminal.

Dwell,

Duty%,

RPM, V, Ω

TEMP

[ 228 Only ]

RPM, V, Ω

[ 226 Only ]

12 – The maximum voltage that the Meter can

measure is 600 V dc or ac rms.

13 – AC . Displayed when AC measurement function is selected.

14 – (Negative Polarity) . Automatically indicate negative

inputs.

15 – AT . DIsplayed when the Auto Range mode is selected.

16 –

. Displayed when a certain step of 4 trigger level steps is

selected in the RPM, Pulse Width, Dwell or Duty % mode.

17 – TRIG . Displayed when a – or + trigger slope is selected

while the Meter is in the RPM, Pulse Width, Dwell or Duty %

mode. The Meter defaults or a – (negative) trigger slope.

12 13

18 – ± . Indicates a – (negative) or + (positive) trigger slope when

a trigger slope is selected.

A negative (–) trigger slope should be selected to measure

low (–) time and a positive (+) trigger slope should be

selected to measure high (+) time. For example, when

measuring a Duty cycle of Mixture Control Solenoid, the low

(–) time is the On time in most cases.

19 – (Overload Indication) . Displayed on the LCD when

input value is too large to display.

20 – (Low Battery) . Battery life warning. When is

first turned on, at least 8 hours of battery life remain.

Replace the battery immediately. Never leave a weak or

dead battery in the Meter. Even leak-proof types can leak

and damage the Meter.

21 – . Displayed when the Meter is in the continuity test

function.

22 – HOLD . Displayed when the Hold mode is selected.

23 –

STR. Displayed when either 2 or 4 strokes are selected in

the RPM mode. Press the STR button to toggle between 2-

stroke engines and 4-stroke engines.

14 15

24 –

CYL . Displayed when a certain number of cylinders is

selected in the RPM or Dwell mode. Press the CYL button to

toggle between 1,2,3,4,5,6,8 cylinder engines.

When the Meter is in the Temperature mode, °

or °

displayed from °

. Press the °C/°F button to toggle between

and °

25 – DWL¡. Displayed when the Dwell mode is selected.

26 – % . Displayed when the Duty cycle mode is selected.

27 – mS (Milliseconds, 1 x 10-

seconds) . Displayed when the

mS-Pulse Width mode is selected.

28 – The following symbols indicate the unit of the value

displayed.

DWL° The number of degrees of distributor rotation

when the points remain closed, measured for

1 to 8 cylinders.

%Percent, used for duty cycle measurement

°C/°F Centigrade or Fahrenheit temperature

measurement

VVolts

mV Millivolts (1 x 10-

Volts)

ΩOhms

KΩKilohm (1 x 10

Ohms)

MΩMegohm (1 x 10

Ohms)

Hz Hertz (1 cycle/sec)

KHz Kilohertz (1 x 10

cycles/sec)

29 – RPM . Displayed when the RPM mode is selected. In this

mode, revolutions per minute on 2 or 4 stroke engines are

measured using the Inductive Pickup on a spark plug wire.

30 – ANALOG DISPLAY SCALE. Displayed with 41 position

analog pointers.

Using Inductive Pickup

The Meter comes with an Inductive Pickup. The Inductive Pickup

takes the magnetic field generated by the current in the spark plug

wire and converts it to a pulse that triggers the Meter’s RPM

measurement.

Using (Optional) Clamp-on Current Probe

The Meter sometimes has to be used to make a high current

measurement. In higher current applications where high accuracy

is not needed, a clamp-on current probe is very useful.

There are two basic types of current probes; current transformers

(CT), which measure ac current only and Hall effect probes, which

can measure ac or dc current.

The output of a Hall effect probe is typically 1000 to 1, however the

current is converted to a voltage. For example, 1 millivolt equals 1

amp dc or ac so that 100 amps ac is converted to 100 mV ac. The

probe leads are connected to the “V” and “COM” input terminals

and the Meter function switch is set to “mV” setting.

A Hall effect ac/dc current probe is optionally supplied with the

Meter.

16 17

The Meter has two power-on options.

Auto-Power-Off Mode

The meter automatically turns off after approximately 20 minutes of

no activities to extend the battery life.

To disable the Auto-power-off mode, turn the Meter on by pressing

the ON/OFF button while holding down the HOLD button for more

than 2 seconds.

Continuous Turn-on of LCD Segments

Each time the Meter is powered on by pressing the ON/OFF

button, all LCD segments will turn on for two seconds as part of a

selftest routine.

To turn all LCD segments on continuously, turn the Meter on by

pressing the ON/OFF button while continuously pressing the

RANGE button.

4. POWER-ON OPTIONS

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