Esqual VM-1C Manuel utilisateur
Arsi AB – Esqual
www.arsi.se
FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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FLIGHT & OPERATION
MANUAL
ESQUAL
VM-1C
NOTICE
The information contained in this manual is to be used as guideline for the owner - pilot.
(Kit built aircraft may vary substantially, therefore good judgment and discretion must be used.)
(Edition 2018-1)
Arsi AB – Esqual
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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Model: Esqual VM 1C
Manufacturer: Arsi AB
Traversgatan 2
441 34 Alingsås – Sweden
+46 (0)322 611502
Registration nr: ____________
Serial nr: ____________
Man. year: ____________
This aeroplane must be operated in compliance with the information and limitations
contained herein.
This POH must be available on board the aeroplane.
WARNING
This Aircraft is not fitted with a certified engine. A power failure can occur at any time. Never fly
over any area on to which a safe landing cannot be made in the event of an engine failure
Flying in this and any aircraft can be dangerous either as the passenger or the pilot. You agree to fly
in this aircraft entirely at your own risk.
Any acute or long term medical conditions or the taking of any medications associated with any
acute or long term condition will increase your risk of flying in this aircraft safely and may lead to
you becoming incapacitated at the controls. This includes the taking of any social or recreational
drugs, alcohol, diving using an aqua lung , recent blood donation, cold or flu, ear infection.
On board the aircraft please ensure that loose articles are secured before flight. Loose items can jam
the controls leading to a loss of control.
Stalling, spinning or any aerobatic manoeuvres during any stage of flight may lead to a loss of
control.
The parachute handle safety pin can be removed at the pilots discretion before flight. Failure to do
so may result in the pilots' inability to deploy the parachute due to incapacity, adverse G and or
aerodynamic forces resulting from mid air collision or loss of control.
Arsi AB – Esqual
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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AMENDMENT RECORD
Issue Details of change Date Auth by
1 Initial issue 2018-10-15 SA / AA
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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INDEX
CHAPTER 0 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 CHARACTERISTICS
1.2 DESCRIPTION
1.3 REFUELING
1.4 HOW TO MOVE THE ESQUAL WHEN STOPPED
1.5 ANCHORING
1.6 BOARDING
1.7 CANOPY CARE
1.8 COMPOSITE & GEL COAT CARE
1.9 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 2 POWERPLANT / AIRCRAFT LIMITATIONS /
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
2.1 ENGINE TYPE
2.2 FUEL CONSUMPTION
2.3 PERFORMANCE DATA
2.4 FUEL & LUBRICANT
2.5 OPERATING SPEEDS & LIMITS
2.6 PROPELLER
2.7 AIRCRAFT OPERATING LIMITATIONS
2.8 RESCUE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 3 PLACARDS AND MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST
3.1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR RANGE MARKINGS
3.2 OPERATING LIMITATIONS MARKINGS IN THE EFIS / PANEL
3.3 PASSENGER WARNING
3.4 “NO INTENTIONAL SPINS”
3.5 MISCELLANEOUS PLACARDS AND MARKINGS
3.6 TYPE PLACARD
3.7 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE MANUALS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 AIRFRAME MAINTENACE
4.3 ENGINE MAINTENACE
4.4 PROP MAINTENANCE
4.5 RESCUE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
4.7 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
CHAPTER 5 COCKPIT LAYOUT/ NORMAL OPERATING
PROCEDURES
5.1 COCKPIT LAYOUT
5.2 PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTION
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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5.3 BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
5.4 ENGINE START
5.5 ENGINE WARM-UP
5.6 TAXI
5.7 CHECK BEFORE TAKING OFF
5.8 TAKE OFF
5.9 CLIMB
5.10 CRUISE
5.11 DESCENT
5.12 APPROACH
5.13 DOWNWIND
5.14 BASE LEG
5.15 LANDING
5.16 BALKED LANDING
5.17 AFTER LANDING
5.18 NORMAL OPERATING DATA
CHAPTER 6 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EMERGENCY PREVENTION
6.3 AIRSPEED FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION
6.4 ENGINE FAILURES
6.5 FIRES
6.6 DITCHING
6.7 ICING
6.8 STALL WITHOUT ENGINE
6.9 STALL WITH ENGINE
6.10 SPIN
6.11 LANDING WITH FLAT MAIN TIRES
CHAPTER 7 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE
7.1 TAKE OFF DISTANCE
7.2 LANDING DISTANCE
7.3 CLIMB
7.4 CRUISE SPEED
7.5 AIRCRAFT RANGE
7.6 FUEL CONSUMPTION
7.7 MAXIMUM ALTITUDE
CHAPTER 8 WEIGHT AND BALANCE
8.1 EMPTY WEIGHT
8.2 REFERENCE DATUM LINE (RDL) AND CENTER OF CRAVITY (C.G.) LIMITS
8.3 CENTER OF GRAVITY CALCULATIONS OF AN EMPTY AIRCRAFT
8.4 HISTORY AND WEIGHTS
8.5 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST
8.6 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT LIST
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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CHAPTER 0
INTRODUCTION
The VM-1 Esqual is a sport airplane enclosed in the airplane & ULM category.
Before attempting to fly, it is obligatory to be fully aware of all the information and procedures
regarding the Esqual and its engine.
It is also strongly recommended to study all the documents in order to become familiar with all
the details about the Esqual.
The company recommends a check ride from an instructor or another experienced pilot, who is
familiar with the Esqual, to ensure you are proficient with the plane.
This Flight & Operation Manual applies only to the VM-1C Esqual and contains the
airworthiness limitations and essential operating data for this aircraft.
The pilot in command shall comply with all requirements, procedures and limitations with
respect to the operation of the aircraft set out in the Flight & Operation Manual for the Esqual.
It is the owner’s responsibility to incorporate in this manual all amendments and to enter the
data of incorporation and his signature on the appropriate amendment Record Sheet.
Operating limitations, instrument markings and basic placards necessary for the safe operation
of the Esqual, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment are included in this manual.
Observance of these limitations is required.
The Esqual shall be operated so that the limitations and instructions included in this manual are
observed.
This manual provides checklist and other procedures for coping with normal operation and
emergencies that may occur.
Emergencies caused by airplane malfunction are rare if proper preflight inspection and
maintenance are practiced.
However, should an emergency arise the basic guidelines outlined in the manual should be
considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem.
Arsi AB – Esqual
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.1 CHARACTERISTICS
1.2 DESCRIPTION
1.3 REFUELING
1.4 HOW TO MOVE THE ESQUAL WHEN STOPPED
1.5 ANCHORING
1.6 BOARDING
1.7 CANOPY CARE
1.8 COMPOSITE & GEL COAT CARE
1.9 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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1.1 CHARACTERISTICS
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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Wing Span 9.085 m Brakes Independent Hydraulic
Length 6.170m Wing foil NLF (1) –0215F
Height 2.025 m Engine Rotax 912 uls
Wing Surface 9.0 m² Fuel AVGAS 100 LL
MOGAS min. 95 OCT
Wing Loading 52,83 Kg/m² Propeller Duc Swirl inc. 1660mm
Maximum Weight 472,5 Kg Turn Rate 10.00 m
Empty Weight 260-297,5kg Cockpit Width 1.10 m
1.2 DESCRIPTION
The Esqual is a two seater light plane manufactured in carbon fibre with high density PVC
foam and Epoxy resins. Laminated in a mould and vacuum cured in an oven at constantly
controlled temperature and humidity. The fuselage is monocoque.
The low cantilever wing has positive changing flaps (as high lift devices). The wing structure
has a composite sandwich skin with a main double “T” composite spar and an accessory spar
near the trailing edge.
The empennage has a conventional cross shape.
The cockpit seats are side by side.
The landing gear of the Esqual has a classic tricycle gear which is made of 7075 T6 aluminum
grade. The main gear legs are suspended in the main carry through beam together with the
reinforced wing spar zone.
The nose gear leg is supported in the engine mount and equipped with a free swivel nose wheel.
The main wheels are equipped with independent hydraulic toe brakes for steering.
The safety belts have four anchoring points.
The rudder pedals are adjustable in flight.
The luggage compartment (with 50lts capacity, 18 kg) is located behind the seats and can be
accessed during flight.
An optional ballistic parachute can be mounted.
The safety reinforced cockpit has twin axle composite beams all around its frame.
Independent ventilation openings are standard; a cabin heater is an option.
1.3 REFUELING
There are two independent fuel tanks, one in each wing, with their openings on the upper
surface. The fuel caps do not protrude over the wing surface and can be unscrewed with the
Esqual key-ring. It is always recommended to filter the fuel and to attach a mass wire to the
exhaust pipe when refueling.
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FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1
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1.4 HOW TO MOVE THE EQUAL WHEN STOPPED
The Esqual can be easily pulled at the propeller blades near the spinner.
You should never pull from the outer part of the blades.
The basic version does not have a parking brake. Wheel blocks should be used to secure it on
the ramp.
The easiest way to move the Esqual backwards is done according to the picture below.
1.5 ANCHORING PLACES
In case you have to park the Esqual on a ramp (outside hangar), we recommend anchoring it to
the floor with ropes attached to the external flap hinge and if needed also at the propeller hub.
1.6 BOARDING THE ESQUAL
From the leading edge, step onto the place marked with anti skidding stickers on the wing next
to the fuselage.
1.7 CARE OF THE CANOPY
The construction of the Esqual’s canopy allows it to rise to the vertical position and facilitates
access to the cabin.
Nevertheless, due to its large surface, there is a risk of being damaged if it is left open.
As it is usually windy on the airfields, a wind gust could close it, damaging the canopy or the
cabin frame.
Never start the engine with the canopy open or unlatched.
The frame is manufactured of carbon/epoxy as the rest of the aircraft.
During the construction process, when adjusting the Metacrilate of the canopy frame, there are
stress forces that tend to settle as time passes.
The contraction/dilatation phenomena produced due to temperature changes can contribute to
distort the canopy and consequently will not fit well in the frame on its bed.
Therefore it is recommended to always store the plane with its canopy well closed.
In areas of bright sunlight, protect it with a white or clear fabric cover.
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