Draper FCR Manuel utilisateur

FAULT CODE READER

■STOCK No.54732 ■PART No.FCR

01/2000

• INSTRUCTIONS •

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY TO ENSURE

THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THIS TOOL.

FAULT CODE READER

■STOCK No.54732 ■PART No.FCR

CONTENTS: Page No.

Declaration of Conformity ................................................................................1

Introduction......................................................................................................2

Safety Warning .................................................................................................3

Instructions..................................................................................................3-10

Draper Tools Ltd. Hursley Road, Chandler’s Ford, Eastleigh, Hampshire.

SO53 1YF. England.

Declare under our sole responsibility that the product:

Stock Number:- 54732. Part Number:- FCR.

Description:- Fault Code Reader.

To which this declaration relates is in conformity with the following directive(s)

98/37/EC, 72/23/EEC & 89/336/EEC.

With reference to:

EN50144, EN55014, EN61000-3-2 & EN61000-3-3.

JOHN DRAPER

Managing Director 09/99

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

- 3 -

Nearly all engines found in modern vehicles

are fitted with a number of sensors and an

Electronic Control Unit, which is often

referred to as an ECU.

The function of the engine sensors is to

constantly send information to the electronic

control unit (ECU) which monitors the

performance of various areas of the engine.

The ECU then analyses the information it

has received and determines whether the

values are within the manufacturer’s

permitted specifications/tolerances, minor

changes in value can be compensated for

by the ECU. For example it can adjust/

determine the correct injection duration.

However, if the ECU receives information

from a sensor and the value is outside the

manufacturer’s permitted

specifications/tolerances then the ECU will

recognise this as a fault as it is fitted with a

pre-programmed self-diagnosis system.

The ECU will then store the corresponding

code in its memory for retrieval at a later

date and in some cases will set the

corresponding code in its memory for

retrieval at a later date and in some cases

will set itself to run on a pre-programmed

emergency backup value otherwise known

as ‘mapping’. This allows the vehicle to be

driven to a garage or home etc. for fault

diagnosis and repair.

With use of a fault code reader the user can

read fault codes that are present at the time

of testing and the codes stored in the

memory of the ECU then referring to the

appropriate fault code reference tables the

fault can be located quickly and accurately.

These stored fault codes are output at

different times depending on the vehicle

make and model, i.e. stored Fo rd codes are

output after the codes for any present faults

but Vauxhall codes are all output together

(both present and past stored codes).

The fault codes output from different

manufacturers are not the same and the

appropriate fault code reference table for

the particular vehicle must be referred to,

for instance, Ford vehicles output two or

three digit codes whereas Audi vehicles

output four digit codes. In most cases the

codes will be displayed and read via the

fault code reader itself, however some

vehicles (Vauxhall) will be read by the fault

code reader but displayed via the vehicle’s

instrument panel.

Vehicles fault code diagnostic sockets differ

from manufacturer to manufacturer and this

code reader is supplied complete with

leads suitable for connection to Ford and

Vauxhall vehicles.

NOTE: The Ford adaptor lead supplied is

suitable for use with the EEC-IV ECU.

Once all faults have been located and

rectified the fault codes can be erased from

the ECU memory. On some vehicles this is

carried out using the fault code reader but

others, such as Vauxhalls, the power supply

fuse to the ECU must be removed, or the

negative terminal on the battery

disconnected for approximately one minute.

NOTE: If the battery terminal is

disconnected other items such as radio,

alarms etc. will need to be reset. ENSURE

you have the relevant codes to reset them. If

the codes cannot be erased as above then

they will automatically be erased after

approximately 20 cold starts (from cold to

normal engine temperature).

INTRODUCTION

- 4 -

Please read the following instructions

carefully, failure to do so could lead to

personal injury or damage to the vehicle.

1. Avoid a dangerous environment.

Do not expose the fault code reader to

rain, ensure the work area is well lit.

Always store the code reader in its case

when it is not in use.

2. When using this code reader on a vehicle

it may involve carrying out tests with the

engine running and the following points

should be followed to avoid injury.

a) Wear proper clothing – do not wear loose

clothing, neckties (rings, wrist watches)

which could catch in moving parts. Non

slip footwear is recommended.Wear a

protective hair covering to contain long

hair. Roll long sleeves above the elbow.

b) Do not over-reach – keep proper footing

and balance at all times.

3. Never leave the code reader switched

ON in a testing mode or when the code

reader is switched ON and carrying out

test procedures. Always switch the code

reader and vehicle’s ignition off first.

4. Never leave the vehicle with the engine

running – always switch the engine off

before leaving the vehicle.

5. Ensure the code reader is secure before

starting any testing preferably attaching

it to a body panel using the magnetic

strip on the rear of the code reader.

6. Check that all cables are kept clear of

hot/moving parts.

7. Only run the engine in a well-ventilated

area. Do not inhale exhaust gases, as they

are dangerous and can be fatal. Never

run the engine in a garage or other

confined area.

SAFETY WARNING

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

FORD VEHICLES

INTRODUCTION

This fault code reader is supplied complete

with an adaptor lead for use with the Ford

EEC-IV electronic control unit, Ford’s fourth

generation of electronic engine control unit.

This particular model of ECU unit was first

introduced in 1985 and was used in all EFI

engine vehicles from 1988/89 and almost all

petrol engine Ford vehicles from 1991/2.

There are several versions of the EEC-IV, the

earlier versions used a 2-digit code system

of which there were two types of coding. The

later versions of the EEC-IV use a 3-digit

code system.

Refer to the Haynes Techbook supplied for

further details on your vehicle.

- 5 -

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE –

FORD VEHICLES (Cont’d.)

SELF-TEST/FAULT CODE READOUT

SOCKET

Most For d vehicles fitted with the EEC-IV

electronic control unit are equipped with a

self-test/fault code readout socket.

This socket has a black body with a red

protective cap which can be removed to

reveal the connector pins. The socket will be

found in the engine compartment near to the

bulkhead or battery. For more detailed

information on where to find the socket refer

to Haynes diagnostic fault codes manual

supplied.

CONNECTING THE FAULT CODE

READER TO THE SELF-TEST/FAULT

CODE READOUT SOCKET

The Fo rd EEC-IV adaptor lead used to

connect the fault code reader to the self

test/fault code read out socket is supplied.

Connect the adaptor lead to the fault code

reader via the 5-pin din type connector.

IMPORTANT: Before connecting the fault

code reader to the self test/fault code

readout socket ensure that a good battery is

fitted to the code reader, the vehicle’s

handbrake is applied, neutral (manual

transmission) or ‘P’ (automatic transmission)

is selected, ignition switched off, air

conditioning (where fitted) and any other

electrical loads, i.e. lights, fans etc. must all

be turned OFF.

Check that the code reader is switched off

and in the standby position. Now connect the

fault code reader to the vehicle’s read out

socket.

READING/UNDERSTANDING

OUTPUT CODES

Once the code reader is connected to the

ECU and in the test mode the ECU will send

coded pulses to the fault code reader which

are then output by the fault code reader to

the user in two ways – (a) audible (bleep),

and (b) visual (blink) by the fault code

indicator. (See table on page 5).

The user simply counts the beeps or blinks

which are output from the FCR to identify

particular numbers/codes, i.e. number 3

would be output as three rapid pulses, so the

user would hear three rapid bleeps and at

the same time the fault code indicator would

blink rapidly three times, indicating number

3. Number 8 would be output as eight rapid

pulses, so the user would hear eight rapid

bleeps and at the same time the fault code

indicator would blink rapidly eight times

indicating number 8.

2-DIGIT NUMBERS

When reading a two digit number i.e. 69 the

number will be output in two parts, first

there would be six rapid bleeps/blinks then

a short pause followed by nine further rapid

bleeps/blinks indicating 69.

3-DIGIT NUMBERS

This is very similar to reading 2 digit code

numbers but the number will be output in

three parts instead of two, i.e. 193 would be

output as follows: first there would be one

bleep/blink, a short pause, then nine rapid

bleeps/blinks, a short pause then a further

three bleeps/blinks indicating 193.

Profile of Ford adaptor

(plan view)

- 6 -

When in use it is likely that the FCR will

output several 2 or 3 digit fault codes

(depending on the age of the vehicle).

As explained above when the FCR is

outputting say 2 digit codes there will be

short pauses between the single codes

output that make up the 2 digit code

number. However, when it is outputting more

than one 2 digit code there will be much

longer pauses between the full output

codes.

Example: code output 23 followed by 48:

Two rapid bleeps/blinks indicating 2, a short

pause then three rapid bleeps/ blinks

indicating 3 = 23. This would then be

followed by a longer pause then four rapid

bleeps/blinks indicating 4, a short pause

then eight rapid bleeps/blinks indicating 8

= 48.

GENERAL

When the fault code reader is outputting

current fault codes and any previously

stored fault codes from the ECU memory

there will be a long pause between the

current and stored codes, or the code 1 may

be heard. This single bleep/blink is called a

separator code which helps the user

distinguish between the current and stored

fault codes.

If there are no current or stored fault codes

then 11 or 111 will be output.

When a fault code is output it does not

necessarily mean that the component

indicated is at fault. The fault could be

generated by another problem such as the

component connector or wiring is faulty or

has a poor/intermittent connection. It is

therefore important that before replacing

parts or units that the wiring and connectors

are thoroughly checked. Also if multiple

faults are indicated it is possible these are

caused by a fault on one component giving

incorrect readings.Therefore all

components will need to be checked.

WIGGLE TEST

A further check of the wiring/connectors

can be made whilst the engine is idling.

Each sensor’s wiring can be wiggled and if

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE –

FORD VEHICLES (Cont’d).

the connector/wiring is at fault this will be

evident by the engine’s response as contact

is broken and remade.The FCR will also

bleep and the LED indicator will be

illuminated when the connection is broken

and remade. If the standby/test switch is set

to the standby position during the wiggle

test all KAM (keep alive memory codes) will

be erased.

TEST PROCEDURE – FORD 2-DIGIT

FAULT CODES

Preliminary checks:

1. Ensure that the vehicle’s ignition is

switched off.

2. Check that all the sensor leads and

connectors are secure and that the

breather system is operating correctly.

3. If the vehicle is fitted with grounded

octane/idle adjust wires the plug and

socket must be disconnected (Fig.1).To

locate this plug and socket refer to the

vehicle manufacturer’s service manual.

4. The fault code reader must be switched off

and the test switch in the standby position.

TESTING/READING CODES

(FORD 2-DIGIT)

General

1. Connect the fault code reader to the

diagnostic socket which is normally

located near the bulkhead near the

battery. If you are unable to locate the

diagnostic socket refer to Haynes

diagnostic fault codes manual supplied.

Fig.1

Ford octane/idle white

socket when connected

(as seen in vehicle)

- 7 -

2. Switch the fault code reader on.

It is now possible to carry out various test

procedures:

A. Ignition ON – engine OFF test

1. Turn the ignition to the ON position but

do not start the vehicle. Have a piece of

paper and a pen available to write down

output codes.

2. Now to start the test push the standby/start

switch to the start position and wait up to

one minute for the codes to be output.

During this time ignore any rapid pulses,

you may also hear/see sensors starting/

stopping/moving – this is part of the OBD

(on board diagnostics) carrying out tests.

3. Next the fault code reader will output

codes as explained previously. The codes

will be output in the following order:

current fault codes, then stored fault

codes sometimes referred to as KAM

(keep alive memory) codes. Note the

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE –

FORD VEHICLES (Cont’d.)

KAM (keep alive memory) will output

both current and stored fault codes when

read. There is a pause between the codes

output and a longer pause between the

present (current) and stored codes. On

some systems code 2 will be output

between the current and stored codes to

help distinguish between them.This is

known as a separator code. The codes

output will be repeated after a short

delay and the end of the test will be

indicated by code number 1.

3. If no faults are found the code 11 will be

output. After the code 1 has been output

(indicating the end of the test) the OBD

(on board diagnostic system) will be

ready to start the wiggle test – refer to

page 7.

3. For example, if there are no current or

stored codes the following codes will be

output. 11, 11, 2, 11, 11, 1. Meaning:

CODE TYPE CODE

MEANING

NO.

Current code 11 No current codes

Current code (repeated) 11 No current codes

Separator code 2 Separator code. Separates the stored KAM codes & the

current fault codes

Stored KAM codes 11 No stored codes

Stored KAM codes (repeated) 11 No stored codes

Test completed 1 Ready to start wiggle test

However, if for instance the output codes

were:

11, 11, 2, 17, 17, 1

it would mean that there are no current fault

codes but fault code 17 has been recorded

sometime in the past and stored in the keep

alive memory (KAM).

If the output codes were:

22,30,39, 22,30,39, 2, 22,30,39,50, 1

it would indicate that faults 20, 30 and 39 are

currently existing and fault 50 has been

recorded sometime in the past and stored in

the keep alive memory (KAM).

Now the fault codes have been identified

refer to the Haynes manual supplied.

The codes stored in the KAM can be kept or

erased.To erase the codes simply switch the

standby/start switch to the standby position.

To keep the stored codes turn the vehicle’s

ignition off before switching the code reader

to standby.

B. Engine running test

Note: Before commencing the engine

running tests run the engine until it reaches

normal operating temperature (if air

conditioning is fitted to the vehicle switch it

off). If the fault code reader is switched to

‘start test’ before the engine has reached

normal operating temperature the test will

not start until normal operating temperature

has been reached.

- 8 -

1. Connect the fault code reader to the

diagnostic socket as described earlier

and switch it ON. Now put the

standby/start switch to the ‘start’ position.

2. Start the vehicle’s engine. (If any rapid

bleeps are heard this is just the OBD

starting its test procedure.When used with

some vehicles code 5 may be output and

this indicates that the engine running test

has started. The engine RPM (speed) will

increase to approximately 2500 RPM for up

to one minute then return to normal.

3. If code 2 is output carry out the following

procedure:

a. Fully depress the brake pedal.

b. If the vehicle is fitted with power

steering turn the steering wheel to full

lock one way then centre it again. (This

should send a signal from the power

steering pressure switch to the ECU. If

no signal is received then code 521

will be output).

c. If the vehicle is fitted with automatic

transmission press the override button

on, then off. Now do the same for the

sport/economy switch (where fitted).

d. Wait for the code reader to output

separator code 1.Then fully depress

the accelerator pedal and release it

again. Engine running test codes will

now be output and all of these are

repeated once. If no faults are found or

present code 11 will be output as

follows: 11, 11, 6.

Code 6 indicates the engine running

tests have been completed and the

ECU is entering its service adjustment

programme.This programme lasts for

approximately two minutes.

SERVICE MODE

During the service mode the idle speed

control valve is de-activated and the idle

speed is set to its pre-programmed value. At

this point it is possible to check and reset

other basic settings (refer to vehicle

manufacturer’s service manual). These

adjustments cannot be made at any other

time, as the ECU would not allow it. For a

vehicle’s service mode data refer to Haynes

diagnostic fault codes manual supplied.

The end of the service mode will be

indicated in one of several ways:

a. The engine speed briefly increases and

returns to normal as the idle speed

control is re-activated.

b. If code 5 was output earlier then code 6

or 7 will be output at the end of the

service mode. If adjustments etc. have not

been completed by the end of the service

mode the engine on test should be

repeated and the adjustments can then

be completed.

NOTE: Single digit codes transmitted i.e. 1,

6, 9 etc. can be referred to in the

manufacturer’s service manual as 10, 60, 90

etc.

CONTINUOUS TEST MODE

NOTE: Before commencing the engine

running tests the engine should be run until

normal operating temperature is reached. (If

air conditioning is fitted to the vehicle it

must be switched off). If the fault code

reader is switched to the ‘start’ position

before the engine has reached normal

operating temperature the test will not start

until normal operating temperature has

been reached.

1. Connect the FCR to the diagnostic socket.

2. Ensure the FCR is switched on and in the

standby position.

3. Start the engine.

4. Switch the FCR to the ‘start’ position. Any

existing fault codes will now be

transmitted and repeated continuously. At

this time it is possible to carry out a

‘wiggle test’ whereby various connectors

can be checked as described earlier. Any

fault codes will then be output. If no faults

are present the code 11 will be output.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE –

FORD VEHICLES (Cont’d.)

- 9 -

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE –

FORD VEHICLES (Cont’d.)

ERASING FAULT CODES FROM THE KAM

The KAM (keep alive memory) can be

erased in two ways.

Either:

a. By disconnecting the battery – however

other memories will be lost such as radio

and clock. Or:

b. Follow the ignition on-engine off test

described earlier and at the end of the

test procedures set the test/standby

switch to the standby position.

3-DIGIT SYSTEMS

The Fo rd 2 and 3-digit systems are very

similar to each other, the obvious difference

being that the codes output on 2-digit

systems are 2 digit and 3-digit systems

output 3 digit codes.

The codes output are read in the same way

as the 2-digit system. For example, the no

fault found code in 111 therefore if there are

no current fault codes and no stored fault

codes in the KAM memory then the codes

output would be as follows:

111, 111, 1, 111, 111.

If the codes output were: 111, 111, 1, 182, 182

it would indicate that there are no current

fault codes but code 182 (meaning the idle

mixture is too lean) has been stored in the

KAM at some time.

If the codes were: 182, 182, 1, 332, 332 it

would indicate that the idle mixture is too

lean (code 182) and that the EGR valve has

not been opening (code 332) and this code

has been stored in the KAM memory.

IGNITION ON – ENGINE OFF TESTS

Refer to ignition on – engine off tests in the

For d 2-digit section.

ENGINE RUNNING TESTS

Refer to the instructions for Fo rd 2-digit code

systems, however, please note that once the

test has started the OBD will transmit an

identification code which corresponds with

the number of cylinders. Code 2 indicates a

4-cylinder engine; code 3 indicates a

6-cylinder engine.

After this code is output refer to 3a of engine

running tests (Fo rd 2-digit systems). At the

end of the engine running tests it is possible

to carry out a power balance test, enter the

service mode or switch off the ignition and

set the FCR to the ‘standby’ position.

RELAY TEST

All relays and solenoids (except fuel pump

and fuel injector) can be checked during

this test.

This test should be started at the end of the

‘ignition on – engine off test’ and is started

by depressing the throttle pedal fully and

releasing it again. This will switch all the

relays and solenoids ‘ON’.

Fully depressing the throttle pedal again

and releasing will de-activate the relays and

solenoids.

POWER BALANCE TEST

This test is started at the end of the ‘engine

running test’.

To start the test the engine RPM should be

increased above 3000RPM for

approximately five seconds.Then release

the throttle and the engine RPM will stabilise

at around 1500 RPM.

The OBD will then start the test and will cut

the spark to each cylinder in turn. As the

spark is cut to each cylinder there will be a

drop in the engine speed, a weak or faulty

cylinder will not effect the engine speed as

much as a strong cylinder, and if a cylinder

is not working at all then the engine speed

will not be effected at all. However, it may

not be the cylinder itself which is at fault but

a faulty injection system or ignition.

At the end of this test and all cylinders are

equally balanced code 9 will be output. If

any cylinder is weak then code number 1-8

will be output indicating which cylinder is

not functioning correctly.

SERVICE MODE

Refer to ‘service mode’ in Ford 2-digit

systems section.

ERASING FAULT CODES

Refer to ‘erasing fault codes’ in the Ford

2-digit systems section.

- 10 -

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE –

GM/VAUXHALL/OPEL

Engine management systems fitted to

Vauxhall vehicles are mainly of Bosch or

GM-multec origin including Bosch

Motoronic and GM multec MPi and SPi.

Other systems include Simtec and Bosch E2-

Plus.

Each of the above ECU has a different

system of on board diagnostics and fault

code recording. However, other than

different output codes the units are similar.

The self diagnosis connector will be found

on most Vauxhall vehicles either under the

facia in the passenger compartment fuse

box or in the engine compartment near to

the fuse box. (Refer to the Haynes manual

supplied with the fault code reader for

further details). Note there are two types of

connector plug fitted to Vauxhall vehicles

and the connector plug supplied with the kit

is suitable for both socket types.

The codes output are identified the same

way as the Ford codes – by counting the

number of flashes. Refer to page 6 of this

manual for further details.

However instead of counting the flashes

output on the fault code reader the codes

will be flashed on the ‘check engine’ light on

the dashboard. All codes will be displayed

three times. If code 12 is displayed then this

indicates no faults.

TESTING PROCEDURE

1. Turn inginition off.

2. Connect the FCR to the diagnostic socket

using the Vauxhall adaptor supplied in

the kit.

3. Check that the FCR test switch is set to

standby.

4. Turn on ignition but do not start the

engine.

5. Set the test switch to the start position.

6. Write down the codes output from the

‘check engine’ indicator light on the

dashboard.

7. Once you have identified the code

numbers refer to the fault code tables

listed in the Haynes manual supplied with

this kit.

8. To stop the codes being output set the

test switch to the standby position, turn

off the ignition and disconnect the code

reader.

ERASING FAULT CODES

Fault codes can be erased from the ECU if

necessary – refer to the Haynes service

manual supplied with this kit for further

details on this procedure.

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