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Cisco Aironet 1520, 1130, 1240 Series Wireless

Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment

Guide, Release 6.0

Last revised: August 11, 2009

This document provides design and deployment guidelines for the deployment of secure enterprise,

campus, and metropolitan Wi-Fi networks within the Cisco wireless mesh networking solution, a

component of the Cisco Unified Wireless Network (CUWN).

Mesh networking employs Cisco 1520 Series outdoor mesh access points and Cisco 1130 and 1240

Series indoor mesh access points along with the Cisco wireless LAN controller, and Cisco Wireless

Control System (WCS) to provide scalable, central management, and mobility between indoor and

outdoor deployments. Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol manages

the connection of mesh access points to the network.

End-to-end security within the mesh network is supported by employing Advanced Encryption Standard

(AES) encryption between the wireless mesh access points and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)

clients. This document also outlines radio frequency (RF) components to consider when designing an

outdoor network.

The features for the following products are described:

•Cisco Aironet 1520 (1522, 1524) Series outdoor mesh access points.

•Cisco Aironet 1130 and 1240 Series indoor mesh access points.

•Mesh features in Cisco wireless LAN controller releases 4.1.190.5, 4.1.191.24M, 4.1.192.xxM,

4.2.176.51M, and 5.2.x. (Mesh features are not supported in controller releases 5.0.x and 5.1.x).

•Mesh features in Cisco WCS releases 4.1.90, 4.2, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, and 6.0.

Cisco Aironet 1520, 1130, 1240 Series Wireless Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 6.0

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Contents

Contents 2

Mesh Network Components 5

Mesh Access Points 5

Licensing for Indoor Mesh Access Points on a 5500 Series Controller 5

Access Point Roles 5

Network Access 6

Network Segmentation 7

Cisco 1130 and 1240 Indoor Mesh Access Points 7

Cisco 1520 Series Outdoor Mesh Access Points 7

Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers 26

Cisco WCS 26

Mesh Deployment Modes 27

Wireless Mesh Network 27

Wireless Backhaul 28

Architecture Overview 29

CAPWAP 29

CAPWAP Discovery on a Mesh Network 29

Dynamic MTU Detection 30

XML Configuration File 30

AWPP 31

Traffic Flow 31

Mesh Neighbors, Parents, and Children 33

Design Considerations 35

Wireless Mesh Constraints 35

Controller Planning 37

Site Preparation and Planning 38

Site Survey 38

Pre-Survey Checklist 39

Outdoor Site Survey 39

Determining Line of Sight 39

Weather 40

Fresnel Zone 40

Fresnel Zone Size in Wireless Mesh Deployments 41

Hidden Nodes Interference 42

Co-Channel Interference 43

Wireless Mesh Network Coverage Considerations 43

Cell Planning and Distance 43

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Contents

Wireless Propagation Characteristics 50

Wireless Mesh Mobility Groups 51

Increasing Mesh Availability 51

Indoor WLAN Network to Outdoor Mesh 53

Connecting the Cisco 1520 Series Mesh Access Point to Your Network 53

Upgrading to Release 6.0 54

Mesh and Mainstream Releases on the Controller 54

Software Upgrade Procedure 55

Adding Mesh Access Points to the Mesh Network 57

Adding MAC Addresses of Mesh Access Points to MAC Filter 58

Defining Mesh Access Point Role 60

Verifying Layer 3 Configuration 61

Configuring Multiple Controllers Using DHCP 43 and DHCP 60 62

Configuring External Authentication and Authorization Using a RADIUS Server 68

Configuring Global Mesh Parameters 71

Configuring Local Mesh Parameters 77

Configuring Advanced Features 97

Configuring Ethernet VLAN Tagging 98

Client Roaming 106

Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks 107

Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network 113

Enabling Mesh Multicast Containment for Video 118

IGMP Snooping 119

Checking the Health of the Network 120

Show Mesh Commands 120

Viewing Mesh Statistics for a Mesh Access Point 125

Using the GUI to View Mesh Statistics for a Mesh Access Point 125

Using the CLI to View Mesh Statistics for an Mesh Access Point 129

Viewing Neighbor Statistics for an Mesh Access Point 130

Using the GUI to View Neighbor Statistics for a Mesh Access Point 130

Using the CLI to View Neighbor Statistics for a Mesh Access Point 133

Troubleshooting 134

Installation and Connections 134

Debug Commands 135

Remote Debug Commands 136

AP Console Access 136

Mesh Access Point CLI Commands 137

Mesh Access Point Debug Commands 138

Mesh Access Point Roles 138

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Contents

Backhaul Algorithm 139

Passive Beaconing (Anti-Stranding) 139

DFS 141

Misconfiguration of BGN 145

Misconfiguration of the Mesh Access Point IP Address 146

Misconfiguration of DHCP 147

Identifying the Node Exclusion Algorithm 147

Throughput Analysis 149

Adding and Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS 151

Adding Campus Maps, Outdoor Areas, and Buildings with Cisco WCS 151

Adding Campus Maps 151

Adding Outdoor Areas 152

Adding a Building to a Campus Map 153

Adding Mesh Access Points to Maps with Cisco WCS 154

Monitoring Mesh Access Points Using Google Earth 155

Launching Google Earth in Cisco WCS 155

Viewing Google Earth Maps 156

Adding Indoor Mesh Access Points to Cisco WCS 159

Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS 160

Monitoring Mesh Networks Using Maps 160

Monitoring Mesh Health 167

Mesh Statistics for a Mesh Access Point 171

Viewing the Mesh Network Hierarchy 176

Using Mesh Filters to Modify Map Display of Maps and Mesh Links 177

Monitoring WGB 179

Viewing AP Last Reboot Reason 181

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Mesh Network Components

The Cisco wireless mesh network has four core components:

•Cisco Aironet 1520, 1240, and 1130 Series mesh access points

Note Cisco Aironet 1505 and 1510 mesh access points are not supported in this release.

•Cisco wireless LAN controller (hereafter referred to as controller)

•Cisco WCS

•Mesh software architecture

Mesh Access Points

Licensing for Indoor Mesh Access Points on a 5500 Series Controller

In order to use indoor mesh access points (1130, 1240) with a 5500 series controller, a wplus license

must be used on the controller. If an indoor mesh access point attempts to join a controller that is using

only a base license (and not the wplus license), the following message appears in the controller trap log:

“License Not Available for feature: IndoorMeshAP.” To view the controller trap log, choose Monitor

and click View All under “Most Recent Traps” on the controller GUI.

Refer to Chapter 4 of the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Configuration Guide, Release 6.0 for

information on obtaining and installing licenses:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/6.0/configuration/guide/Controller60CG.html

Note Outdoor mesh access points (1522, 1524PS, and 1524SB) do not require a wplus license.

Note Other controller platforms (such as the 2100 and 4400 series controllers) also require a license for use

with indoor mesh access points. Refer to the Cisco Enterprise Wireless Mesh Licensing and Ordering

Guide:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6087/products_data_sheets_list.html

Access Point Roles

Access points within a mesh network operate as either a root access point (RAP) or a mesh access point

(MAP).

Note All mesh access points are shipped configured as a MAP. You must reconfigure the mesh access point

for it to be a RAP. At least one RAP must exist in all mesh networks.

RAPs have wired connections to their controller, and MAPs have wireless connections to their controller.

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Mesh Network Components

MAPs communicate among themselves and back to the RAP using wireless connections over the

802.11a radio backhaul. MAPs use the Cisco Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol (AWPP) to determine the

best path through the other mesh access points to the controller.

All the possible paths between the MAPs and RAPs form the wireless mesh network. Figure 1 shows the

relationship between RAPs and MAPs in a mesh network.

Figure 1 Simple Mesh Network Hierarchy

Network Access

Wireless mesh networks can simultaneously carry two different traffic types: wireless LAN client traffic

and MAP Ethernet port traffic.

Wireless LAN client traffic terminates on the controller, and the Ethernet traffic terminates on the

Ethernet ports of the mesh access points.

Access to the wireless LAN mesh for mesh access points is managed by:

•MAC authentication—Mesh access points are added to a referenceable database to ensure they are

allowed access to a given controller and mesh network. Refer to “Adding Mesh Access Points to the

Mesh Network” section on page 57.

148441

WCS

Network

RAP

MAP 1 MAP 2 MAP 3

MAP 4 MAP 6

MAP 5

MAP 7 MAP 8 MAP 9

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Mesh Network Components

•External RADIUS Authentication—Mesh access points can be externally authorized using a

RADIUS server such as Cisco ACS (4.1 and later) that supports the client authentication type of

Extensible Authentication Protocol-FAST (EAP-FAST) with certificates. Refer to the “Using the

GUI to Enable External Authentication of Mesh Access Points” section on page 69.

Network Segmentation

Membership to the wireless LAN mesh network for mesh access points is controlled by bridge group

names (BGNs). Mesh access points can be placed in like bridge groups to manage membership or

provide network segmentation. Refer to “Using the GUI to Configure Antenna Gain” section on page 93.

Cisco 1130 and 1240 Indoor Mesh Access Points

Cisco 1130 and 1240 are indoor access points which are by default configured as local (non-mesh).

Specific configuration on the controller is required to convert these indoor access points to mesh access

points, and to assign a specific mesh role of RAP or MAP.

The Cisco 1130 and 1240 are equipped with two simultaneously operating radios: a 2.4-GHz radio used

for client access and a 5-GHz radio used for data backhaul.

The 5-GHz radio supports the following bands: 5.15 GHz, 5.25 GHz, and 5.47 GHz.

Note Mesh 1242 access points are exclusive Indoor Mesh access points. These access points do not provide

Outdoor Mesh support.

Cisco 1520 Series Outdoor Mesh Access Points

Cisco Aironet 1520 series outdoor mesh access points consist of the 1522 dual-radio mesh access point

and the 1524 multi-radio mesh access points. There are two models of the 1524: (1) the public safety

model, 1524PS, and (2) the serial backhaul model, 1524SB).

Note AP1524SB, introduced in release 6.0, is supported in the US, Canada, Singapore, and China.

Cisco 1520 Series mesh access points (hereafter referred to in general as AP1520s or specifically as

AP1522, AP1524PS (public safety), or AP1524SB (serial backhaul) are the core components of the

wireless mesh deployment. AP1520s are configured by both the controller (GUI, and CLI) and Cisco

WCS. Communication between outdoor mesh access points (MAPs and RAPs) is over the 802.11a radio

backhaul. Client traffic is generally transmitted over the 802.11b/g radio (but can be configured to accept

client traffic), and public safety traffic (AP1524PS only) is transmitted over the 4.9-GHz radio.

The mesh access point can also operate as a relay node for other access points not directly connected to

a wired network. Intelligent wireless routing is provided by AWPP. This Cisco protocol enables each

mesh access point to identify its neighbors and intelligently choose the optimal path to the wired network

by calculating the cost of each path in terms of signal strength and the number of hops required to get to

a controller.

AP1520s are manufactured in two different configurations: cable and non-cable.

•The cable configuration has three antenna connectors on the top of the unit, can be mounted to a

cable strand, and supports power-over-cable (POC).

•The non-cable configuration supports two antennas each on the top and bottom of the unit. It can be

mounted to a pole or building wall and supports several power options.

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Mesh Network Components

AP1520s are available in a hazardous location hardware enclosure. When configured, the AP1520

complies with safety standards for Class I, Division 2, Zone 2 hazardous locations. Refer to the

“Hardware Enclosure for Hazardous Conditions (AIR–LAP1522HZ–X–K9)” section on page 25 for

more details.

Note Refer to the Cisco Aironet 1520 Series Lightweight Outdoor Access Point Ordering Guide for power,

mounting, antenna, and regulatory support by model:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5679/ps8368/product_data_sheet0900aecd8066a157.html

Cisco 1522 Mesh Access Point (Part Nos. AIR–LAP1522AG–X–K9, AIR–LAP1522HZ–X–K9, AIR–LAP1522PC–X–K9)

The AP1522 mesh access point, includes two radios: a 2.4-GHz, and a 4.9 to 5.8-GHz radio. The

2.4-GHz (802.11b/g) radio is for client access and the 5-GHz (802.11a) radio is used as the backhaul.

•Uplinks support includes: Gigabit Ethernet (1000BaseT), and a small form-factor pluggable (SFP)

slot for fiber (100BaseBX) or cable modem interface.

•The 5-GHz radio is a 802.11a radio which covers the 4.9 to 5.8 GHz frequency band, and is used as

a backhaul. It can also be used for client access if the universal client access feature is enabled.

–

For information on the universal access feature, refer to the “Viewing Global Mesh Parameter

Settings” section on page 123.

Note AP1522s with serial numbers prior to FTX1150XXXX do not support 5 and 10 MHz channels

on the 4.9-GHz radio; however, a 20-MHz channel is supported.

Note Those AP1522s with serial numbers after FTX1150XXXX support 5, 10 and 20 MHz channels.

Cisco 1524PS Mesh Access Point (Part No. AIR–LAP1524PS–X–K9)

The AP1524PS includes three radios: a 2.4-GHz, a 5.8-GHz, and a 4.9-GHz radio. The 2.4-GHz radio

is for client access (non-public safety traffic) and the 4.9-GHz radio is for public safety client access

traffic only. The 5.8-GHz radio can be used as the backhaul for both public safety and non-public safety

traffic.

The 4.9-GHz and 5.8-GHz radios are 802.11a sub-band radios which support a subset of specific 802.11a

channels and include a sub-band specific filter designed to lessen interference from other 11a sub-band

radios within the same mesh access point.

The 4.9-GHz sub-band radio on the AP1524 supports public safety channels within the 5-MHz (channels

1 to 10), 10-MHz (channels 11-19), and 20-MHz (channels 20-26) bandwidths.

•The following data rates are supported within the 5 MHz bandwidth: 1.5, 2.25, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12,

and13.5 Mb/s. Default rate is 6 Mb/s.

•The following data rates are supported within the 10 MHz bandwidth: 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and

27 Mb/s. Default rate is 12 Mb/s.

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Mesh Network Components

Cisco 1524SB Mesh Access Point (Part No. AIR–LAP1524SB–X–K9)

The AP1524SB is introduced in release 6.0 and can operate as a RAP or a MAP.

The AP1524SB includes three radios: one 2.4-GHz radio, and two 5.8-GHz radios.

The 2.4-GHz radio is for client access (non-public safety traffic). The two 5.8-GHz radios serves as

serial backhauls: one uplink and one downlink. The AP1524SB is suitable for linear deployments.

One of the 5.8-GHz radios can be used for universal access (client and backhaul traffic using an omni

antenna), and the other 5.8-GHz radio can be used for backhaul traffic only (directional antenna

required).

Each 5.8-GHz radio backhaul is configured with a different backhaul channel, so there is no need to use

the same shared wireless medium between the north-bound and south-bound traffic in a mesh tree-based

network.

On the RAP, the radio in slot 2 is used to extend the backhaul in the downlink direction; the radio in

slot 1 is used for client access.

On the MAP, the radio in slot 2 is used for the backhaul in the uplink direction; the radio in slot 1 is used

for the backhaul in the downlink direction as well as client access.

You only need to configure the RAP downlink (slot 2) channel. The MAPs automatically select their

channels from the channel subset. The available channels for the 5.8 GHz band are 149, 153, 157, 161,

and 165.

Figure 2 shows a channel selection example when the RAP downlink channel is 153.

Figure 2 Channel Selection Example

The antenna ports are labeled on the AP1524SB and are connected internally to the radios in each slot.

The AP1524SB has six ports with three radio slots (0, 1, 2) as described in Table 1.

RAP MAP1 MAP2 MAP3 MAP4

Slot 1

Slot 2

Channel 153 Channel 161 Channel 149 Channel 157

251625

Table 1 AP1524SB Antenna Ports

Antenna Port Radio Slot Description

1 1 5 GHz–Used for backhaul and universal access.

Universal access is configured only on slot 1.

Note Omni antenna required.

2 0 2 GHz–Used for client access.

3 0 2 GHz–Used for client access.

4 0 2 GHz–Used for client access.

5 --- Not connected.

6 2 5 GHz–Used for backhaul.

Note Directional antenna required.

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Mesh Network Components

Note Depending on product model, the AP1524SB could have either 5.0-GHz radios or 5.8-GHz sub-band

radios installed in slot 1 and slot 2. Regardless of the radios installed, the AP1524SB running controller

software release 6.0 is restricted to the UNII-3 channels (149, 153, 157, 161, and 165) in slot 1 and slot 2.

Hardware

Figure 3 shows the AP1520 (all models) and its bottom connectors (radio side view).

Figure 4 shows the AP1520 (all models) and its top connectors (radio cover view).

Figure 3 Cisco 1520 Series Mesh Access Point (radio side view)

1Antenna port 4 7AC input connector

2Antenna port 5 8Fiber port

3Antenna port 6 9PoE out port

203822

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