BRUEL & KJAER 2221 Manuel utilisateur

Instruction

Manual

Precision Integrating Sound Level Meters

Types

2221

and

2222

1-0330601-1A

0601

__,.,

.,_

oiiW

Pocket-sized

Preco:lslon

Integrating Sound

Level

Meters

complying with Proposed IEC

standard

for

Precision Integrating Sound

Level Meters Type 1

and relevant sections

IEC

651

type 1, DIN-IEC

651

Klasse 1,

ANSI S1.4.1971 type 1, and BS 5969 Type

It measures

Leq

over periods up

hours, SEL and Max. Hold "Fast/Slow" and

"Peak". The measuring range

from

145 dB Is covered In

four

overlapping sub-

ranges and the results are

directly

shown on

digital

display with

0,1

dB resolution. An

output

Is provided

for

recording

pur-

poses. It Is supplied with Prepolarlzed

Con-

c;:tenser

Microphone Type 4176.

Types

2221

and 2222 are Identical

except

that

the Type

2221

has a "Fast" time weight-

ing, whilst the Type 2222 has a "Slow" time

weighting.

+ Briiel &Kjaer

Precision Integrating Sound Level Meters Types

2221

and 2222

Type

2221

from

serial

no. 1013675

Type

2222

from

serial

no. 851150

May

1982

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

AND

SPECIFICATIONS

(PRODUCT

DATA)

...................................................................... 1

CONTROLS

................................................................................................................................................................ 5

OPERATION

...............................................................................................................................................................9

3.1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................9

3.2. BATTERY INSTALLATION.....................................................................................................9

3.3. MOUNTING THE MICROPHONE........................................................................................ 10

3.4. CALIBRATION....................................................................................................................... 10

3.5. SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENT .......................................................................................

General..................................................................................................................................

Considerations

Regarding the Type

Sound Field...................................................... 12

Leq

and SEL Measurements............................................................................................... 14

Max

Hold

"Fast/Slow"

Measurements............................................................................. 14

Max. Hold

"Peak"

Measurements..................................................................................... 15

Use

the L6qlSEL Conversion Table.............................................................................. 15

Noise Dose Evaluation.....................................................................................................

...

Example

Measurement.................................................................................................. 17

USE

WITH

OTHER

INSTRUMENTS

................................................................................................................... 19

4.1. USE WITH LEVEL RECORDER TYPE 2306 .................................................................... 19

4.1. USE WITH TAPE RECORDER TYPE 7005/06.................................................................

Recording with

Direct

and FM Units................................................................................

Recording with the

Compander

Unit...................................:............................................

APPENDIX

................................................................................................................................................................23

SERVICE

AND

REPAIR......................................................................................................................................... 24

USES:

•

Determination

Leq

for

assessment

hearing

loss

risk

noise

annoyance.

•

Measurement

cyclical

machine

noise

•

Determination

Sound

Exposure

Level (SEL)

•

Measurement

Max.

noise

levels

•

Spatial

averaging

machine

noise

•

Sound

power

level

measurements

according

survey

method

FEATURES:

•

Direct

indication

Leq

and

SEL

•

Fulfils

proposed

IEC

standard

for

Precision

In-

tegrating

Sound

Level

Me-

ters

Type

and

relevant

sections

IEC

651

Type

DIN-IEC

651

Klasse

1 and

ANSI S1.4.1971

Type

•

Max.

Hold

"Peak"

•

Max.

hold

"Fast"

(2221)

Max.

hold

"Slow"

(2222)

•

Easily

read

digital

display

•

Light

and

compact

•

output

for

recording

•

Delivered

with

individually

calibrated

Condenser

Microphone

• 60

dynamic

range

•

Comprehensive

display:

overload,

underrange,

bat-

tery

state,

frequency

weighting,

overflow

1-044

0059-2A

BP 0059

types

2221 and 2222

Precision

Integrating

Sound

Level

Meters

addition

offering

Type 1 mea-

surement

characteristics,

these

Preci-

sion

Integrating

Sound Level

Meters

are

truly

portable.

Just

over

20 em

long, 2,4 em

thick

and weighing 400 g,

they will easily

fit

your

pocket.

The use

microprocessor

technol-

ogy

results in accurate,

true

measure-

ments and

simplicity

use.

Leq•

SEL,

and

"Peak"

and

"Fast/Slow

" Max.

Hold

are

indicated

on a

large

digital

display

making

reading

errors

virtual-

ly impossible. In

addition

these

ba-

sic functions, the Types

2221

and 2222

have a pause function which

greatly

extends the

applications

the

instruments

The

comprehensive

digital

display

and

the

functional

simplicity

permit

confi-

dent

and

efficient

use

this Sound

Level Meter.

An AC

output

allows

recording

the

weighted

input

signal.

Introduction

Today,

noise

is an

important

con-

sideration

many

areas

the

envi-

ronment

and

noise

measurements

are

longer

carried

out

exclusively

specialists.

With

this

mind,

B & K has

developed

the

Precision

Integrating

Sound

Level

Meters

Types

2221 and 2222.

These

instru-

ments

have

all

the

features

neces-

sary

for

wide

variety

noise

mea-

surements

and

comply

with

the

pro-

posed

IEC

recommendation

for

Inte-

grating

Sound

Level

Meters

Type

and IEC

651

Type

DIN-IEC

651

Klasse

and

ANSI S1.4.1971

Type

standards.

The

Types

2221 and 2222

carry

out

basically

measurements:

Leq•

SEL,

Max.

Hold

"Fast"

(Type

2221)

"Slow

(Type

2222),

and

Max.

Hold

"Peak";

all in

four

sensitivity

ranges.

.......

__,

A -

- -

108

z•

- •

4IIW

•

Pnociloian

·~..,_.......,

,._

M-

...... -

Off

8M116

Kjllf

+ Type

2222

Leq

Measurements

Leq is

the

A-weighted

noise

level

averaged

over

the

measurement

pe-

riod

. It

can

considered

the

continuous

steady

noise

level

which

would

have

the

same

total

A-weight-

acoustic

energy

the real

fluctu-

ating

noise

over

the

same

period

time

. The

measurement

Leq

based

the

equal

energy

principle:

p(t)

Leq =

Log10

- (-

T o Po

where

the

reference

sound

pressure

(20

~LPa),

p(t) is the

A-

weighted

time

varying

sound

pres-

sure

and

T is

the

time

interval

over

which

measured.

SEL

Measurements

Sound

Exposure

Level (SEL) is the

constant

level

which

maintained

for

period

second

would

have

the

same

A-weighted

acoustic

ener-

the

measured

noise

event, and

defined

as:

/+oo

(p(t))2

SEL =

Log10 - -

Tref

_oo

Tref = 1s

The SEL is

used

primarily

de-

scribe

and

compare

single

events

(e.g.

vehicle

pass-by,

etc.).

Max.

Hold

"Fast/Slow"

This is

the

maximum

A-weighted

RMS

sound

level

measured

with

the

standardized

"Fast"

(Type

2221)

"Slow"

(Type

2222)

time

constant,

over

the

measurement

period.

used

for

fluctuating

noises.

Max.

Hold

"Peak"

The

peak

value

impulsive

noises

is an

important

factor

when

consid-

ering

hazard

hearing.

The

rise

time

is 30

J.LS,

and

the

frequency

re-

sponse

linear.

Description

Principle: (see

block

diagram)

The

basic

function

the

instru-

ment

perform

the

Leq

measure-

ment/calculation

for

any

period

hours.

The

Leq

measurement

principle

described

greater

de-

tail

below

since

the

SEL and

Max.

Hold

functions

are

obtained

the

basis

Leq

measurement.

The

amplified

and

A-weighted

sig-

nal

from

the

microphone

squared

through

the

log

and

antilog

convert-

ers. The

integrator

summates

the

signal,

generates

impulse

and is

reset

when

trigger

level is

exceed-

ed. The

impulse

repetition

rate

proportional

the

square

the

in-

stantaneous

value

the

input

sig-

nal, and

the

number

impulses

thus

proportional

the

noise

dose

received

since

the

beginning

the

measurement.

The

impulses

are

ac-

Cl;Jmulated

dose

counter.

crystal

oscillator

generates

clock

pulses

which

are

accumulated

the

time

counter.

From

the

two

counter

outputs

the

Leq

calculation

carried

out

the

microprocessor

and

re-

peated

every

0,5 s

updating

the

dis-

play.

Dose

and

time

counters

are

only

set

zero

when

the

instrument

reset.

Amplifier

.a.

.a.-

"A"

weighting

for

Leq•

SEL,

Max.

Hold

Fast/

Slow

-Linear

(flat)

weighting

for

Max.

Hold

Peak

• - " Fast"

for

Type

2221

- "

Slow"

for

Type

2222

Integrator

(DC/f converter)

Clock

genera

tor

Output

Max. hold

Hold

Antilog

converter

p2 (t)

Leq =

Log T -

0 0

Micro

processor Digital

display

Automatically

reset once per second

in Max.

Hold

T = 1

sec

. in

Land

Max.

Hold

8113 13

Fig.1.

Simplified

block

diagram

the

Types

2221

and

2222

The SEL

measurement

procedure

identical

the

Leq

procedure,

ex-

cept

that

time

1 s is

used

for

the

calculation

instead

the

time

given

the

time

counter.

It is

possible

switch

between

Leq

and SEL

without

interrupting

the

measurement.

For

Max.

Hold

functions

the

loga-

rithm

the

instantaneous

signal

first

applied

the

Max.

Hold

circuit,

the

output

from

which

then

applied

the

Leq

circuits

for

normal

pro-

cessing.

The

Leq

constant

signal

equal

the

instantaneous

value

the

signal

itself.

Therefore

the

val-

obtained

after

Leq

calculation

has

been

made

the

Max.

Hold

output,

equal

the

maximum

val-

ue.

For

Max.

Hold

"Fast/Slow"

the

output

equal

the

maximum

A-

weighted

signal

measured

with

the

standardized

"Fast/Slow"

time

con-

stant; and

for

Max.

Hold

"Peak"

the

output

equal

the

maximum

in-

stantaneous

value

the

signal

after

"Linear"

(20 Hz -20 kHz)

filtering.

Microphone

Types

2221

and 2222

are

equipped

with

Prepolarized

Condenser

Mi-

crophone

Type

4176.

This

micro-

phone

designed

have

linear

incidence

free

field

response

for

measurements

accordance

with

IEC

standards,

and is well

suited

for

free

field

conditions,

e.g.

most

out-

door

situations.

When

fitted

with

the

Random

Incidence

Adaptor

supplied

linear

random

incidence

response

according

ANSI

standards

ob-

tained,

which

generally

gives

accurate

results

for

indoor

measure-

ments.

The

frequency

responses

and

directional

characteristics

the

complete

instrument

are

given

Figs

individual

calibration

chart

for

the

microphone

supplied

with

the

instrument.

Input

Stage

The

removable

input

stage

has

very

high

input

impedance

match

the

high

impedance

the

micro-

phone.

The

output

impedance

low

allow

extension

cables

in-

serted

between

input

stage

and

sound

level

meter.

Weighting

Network,

Attenuator

and

Overload

Indicator

The

selection

Linear

(flat)

weighting

automatically

made

the

"Function"

switch.

The

A-weight-

ing

applied

the

signal

for

Leq•

SEL and

Max.

Hold

"Fast/Slow"

measurements;

linear

weighting

only

obtained

for

Max.

Hold

"Peak"

measurements.

These

weightings

are

also

applied

the

output.

A-weighted

"Peak"

measurements

may

obtained

modifying

the

instrument.

The

actual

weighting

ap-

plied

indicated

the

display.

The

input

amplifier

covers

the

range

145

four

overlap-

ping

sub-ranges.

overload

indi-

cator

monitors

input

and

output

sig-

nal

levels

the

amplifier

and

overload

occurs

the

display

shows

"•

". It

disappears

only

when

the

in-

strument

reset.

For

Max.

Hold

functions

the

lower

limit

the

mea-

suring

range

higher

than

for

the

Leq range.

Leq

Calculation

The

Leq

calculated

over

maxi-

mum

period

2,77

hours

which

the

limit

the

time

counter.

After

this

time,

the

display

shows

"*"

indicate

that

the

Leq

value

now

dis-

played

incorrect.

However,

the

SEL

value

not

affected

this

time

limitation

always

calculated

using

time

period

second.

conversion

table

the

reverse

side

the

instrument

gives

the

Leq

over

any

period

from

the

SEL

value

and

the

elapsed

time.

Digital

Display

Measurement

values

are

shown

3112

digit

display

with

resolution

0,1 dB. It is

updated

every

112

sec-

ond

for

Leq and

SEL

measurements,

and

every

second

for

Max.

Hold

measurement.

The

following

charac-

ters

may

also

displayed:

"A":

A-weighted

frequency

response

"L":

Linear

(flat)

frequency

response

Maximum

Leq

measuring

time

exceeded

"•":

overload

has

occured

dur-

ing

the

measuring

period

"~":

The

sound

pressure

level is

un-

der

the

minimum

range

level

"BAT":

Batteries

must

changed.

"00.0":

Initial

display

check

+2 '

.........

" - - -

Underrange

Max.

Hold

measurements

and

delay

after

Reset

Power

Supply

Power

supplied

from

alkaline

batteries

(IEC R 20)

which

will

pro-

vide

approximately

hours

con-

tinuous

operation

B~T'

-,A

Fig.2.

Display

Types

2221

and

2222

a~ce:

I~C

k51

.,..-

I I

pe 1

I I

Max.

Hold

Fast/Slow

and

Max.

...-

.......

ree

-f

response_

"""\.

Hold

Peak

calculation

When

Max.

Hold

selected

the

output

signal

from

the

log

converter

fed

directly

the

Max.

Hold

cir-

cuit

Peak

" is

required,

via

averaging

circuit

for

Max

Hold

Fast/Slow"

measurements.

The

output

from

the

Max.

Hold

circuit

fed

via

the

antilog

integrator

and

counte

circuits

the

microproces-

sor

which

controls

the

1 s

updating

and

display

the

Max.

Hold

readings.

Both

instruments

can

modified

obtain

Max.

"Slow

instead

Max.

"Fast

and

vice

versa.

Pause

The

Types

2221

and

2222

have

Pause

function

which

the

eq"

and "SEL"

modes

interrupts

the

measurement

without

resetting.

This

can

used

for

example

when

the

instrument

moved

from

point

for

spatial

averaging

the

ise

from

sound

source

Max

Hold

modes

the

Pause

function

freezes

the

display

but

any

higher

signal

occuring

while

Pause

will

displayed

when

com-

ing

back

"Run

Reset

The

instrument

reset

either

automatically

when

changing

be-

tween

measuring

ranges

and

func-

tions

(except

between

and

SEL)

manually

push

button

The

new

measurement

begins

112

second

later

avoid

measuring

the

switch

noise.

"-,

/ '-,

- 2

- 4

10 20 100 200 1 k

10 k 20 k

Frequency (H

3 11

Fig.3.

Typical

free

field

frequency

response

the

complete

instrument

with

0°

incidence

shown

deviation

from

the

standardized

A-curve

I---

- 2

- 410

.........

"'-

""'""""r-....

-.....,

./.,_v

....,......v

20 100 200 1 k 2 k

Frequency

(Hz)

Tolerance: ANSI S 1.4

1971

· -

V1 l

Typ

...,...f.-

1--

I I I I

With Random

...

Incidence

Withou

t Ra

ndom

r\~

\l~c

den

c e

Adaptor

V\1

I I I

\I I I I

10 k 20 k

8113

Fig.4.

Typical

diffuse

field

frequency

response

the

complete

instrument

shown

deviation

from

the

standardized

A-curve.

Fig.5.

Directional

characteristics

the

complete

instrument

Calibration

easily

carried

out

using

Sound

Level

Calibrator

Type

4230,

which

fits

directly

over

the

mi-

crophone

and

produces

nominal

sound

pressure

level

(± 0,3

dB).

Calibration

with

the

Type

4230

permits

check

the

entire

instru-

ment,

including

the

microphone.

Output

output

provides

the

ampli-

fied and

filtered

signal.

Upper

range

limit

corresponds

2 V RMS. It is

100 200 500 kHz 2

7314

100 200 500 1 kHz 2

871375

Fig.6.

Equivalent

Sound

pressure

level

when

complete

Sound

Level

Meter

excited

vertically

and

horizontally

ms·

well

suited

for

level

recording,

par-

ticularly

with

the

Portable

Level Re-

corder

Type

2306

which

is also

bat-

tery

powered.

Specifications 2221 and 2222

Measuring

Range:

Leq

Max.

Hold

Max.

Hold

"Peak"

dB(

Fast/Slow"

dB(A)

dB(Lin.)

25-85

40-85

55-88

45-105

60-105

60-108

65-125

80-125

80-128

85-145 100-145 100-148

Signal

noise

ratio

> 5

dB(A)

Frequency

Response:

See

Figs.3

and

Frequency

Weighting:

In "Leq",

"SEL"

and

Max

Hold

"Fast/

Slow

A-weighting

IEC

651

Type

Max.

Hold

"Peak":

Linear

(20 Hz -

kHz,

+0,5

-3

dB)

Detector:

Characteristics:

true

logarithmic

RMS

Linearity

range:

Pulse

range:

Crest

factor

capability:

1.4

upper

limit

measuring

range

increasing

linearly

with

decreasing

signal

maximum

for

Max.

Hold

Fast/Slow"

For

Leq

overload

the

only

crest

factor

limitation

(63

dB)

Time

Weighting

Characteristics:

"Fast"

(2221

IEC

651

Type

1 *

"Slow"

(2222):

IEC

651

Type

1 *

"Peak":

rise

time

<30

1-1s

Max.

Hold

decay

rate:

<0,05

dB/s

Leq

Response

Time

for

Constant

Input

Signal:

First

Final Final

read

ing

reading

I ± 0,5

0,1

bottom

range

32 s

174s

above

bottom

1 s 3,5 s 17,5 s

range

above

bottom

range

1 s 1 s 4,5 s

• The

modifications

proposed

(see p. 2 & 3)

can

carried

out

your

local

B & K

representative

Maximum

Measurement

Period:

Leq:

2,77

hours

(for

periods

longer

than

2,77

hours

Leq

can

determined

from

the

SEL)

SEL:

only

limited

battery

life

Display:

digits

segments,

liquid

crystal

7,2

high

Leq.

SEL:

resolution

0,1

updated

twice

per

second

Max.

"Fast/Slow",

Max.

"Peak":

resolu-

tion

0,1

updated

once

per

second

dis-

play

response

time

less

than

seconds

Additional

functions:

Overload

indicated

: &

Underrange

indicated

by: T

Battery

low

indicated

BAT

Overflow

time

counter

indicated

: *

Weighting

curve

indicated

: A

Output:

2 V

RMS

for

full

scale,

output

impedance

1 krl,

short

circuit

protected

Reset

Function:

Reset

occurs

when

Reset

" is

pressed

when

changing

Leq

Range

Function

(except

between

and

SEL)

Microphone:

Type:

inch

B & K

Prepolarized

Con-

denser

Microphone

Type

4176

Sensitivity:

/Pa

Capacitance:

13 pF

Windscreen

effect:

<0,5

kHz

Calibration:

Screwdriver

operated

potentiometer

ad-

justment

using

Sound

Level

Calibrator

Type

4230

Reference

Conditions

for

Calibration

Validity:

Type

Sound

Field:

Free

Reference

Incidence

Direction:

Perpen-

dicular

microphone

diaphragm

Reference

SPL:

(re

1-1Pa)

Reference

Frequency:

kHz

Reference

Temperature:

20°C

Reference

Measuring

Range:

45 -105 dB(A)

Warm-up

Time:

< 1 s

Effect

Humidity

(at

40°C

and

1000

Hz):

< 0,5

for

30%<

<90%

Effect

Temperature:

Microphone:

-0

,004

/ °C

typically

Complete

instrument:

-0,004 ± 0,016

/°C

Storage

temperature:

70°C (158°

max

(dry

air)

. 100

hours

max.

40°C (104°

and

90% RH

Effect

Magnetic

Field:

80 A/ m

0rsted)

50 Hz

gives

(A)

(Lin)

Vibration

Sensitivity:

See Fig.6

Batteries:

Type:

Three

1,5 V

Alkaline

cells

IEC

type

LR 6

(B&K

order

No. QB 0013)

Life:

approx

. 10

hours

Overall

Dimensions

and

Weight:

205 X 72 X 24

(8 X 2,8 X 0,95 in)

400 g (0,86 lb)

with

batteries

Accessories

Included:

Half

inch

Prepolarized

Con-

denser

Microphone

....................

Type

4176

Random

Incidence

Adaptor

.......... DZ 9566

Leather

Carrying

Case

.................KE 0208

2,5

mini-jack

plug

..................

...

JP 0213

Windscreen

..............................

....

UA 0459

Cells

(x 3) ......................................... QB 0013

Accessories

Available:

Sound

Level

Calibrator

..............

Type

4230

Level

Recorder

Cable

....................

0173

3 m

Microphone

Extension

cable

with

threaded

attach-

ment

(UNC 1;4" x 20)

for

di-

rect

connection

tripod

..............

0185

10 m

cable

above

....

...............

0186

Ordering

Information:

Types

2221

and

2222

are

identical

except

that

Type

2221

has

Fast

time

weight-

ing,

whilst

Type

2222

has

Slow

time

weighting.

Ce manuel convient aux modèles suivants

Table des matières

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