Berthold LB 442 Manuel utilisateur

Radiometric

Bulk Flow Meter

LB 442

Id. No. 32815BA2

Rev. Nr.: 02 10.10.2001

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Page

Section 1 Introduction 5

1.1 Safety Summary 5

1.2 Overview 6

Section 2 System Description 7

2.1 Use and Function of the Bulk Flow Meter 7

2.2 The Principle of Measurement 8

2.3 Measuring Configuration 9

2.3.1 Configuration on Conveyor Belt 10

2.3.2 Configuration for Free Fall Measurement 11

2.4 Instrument Description 12

2.4.1 Rod Source 12

2.4.2 Measuring Frame for Conveyor Systems 13

2.4.3 Two-Detector Operation 17

2.4.4 Measuring Device for Free Fall Measurement 18

2.4.5 Measuring Frame for Rod Detector 19

2.4.6 Rod Source with Rod Detector 20

2.4.7 Point Source Shielding 20

2.4.8 Detector 20

2.4.9 Tachometer 22

Section 3 Installation 23

3.1 General Safety Precautions 23

3.2 Installation of the Measuring Device 24

3.2.1 Installation on Conveyor Belts 24

3.2.2 Measuring Frames on Screw Conveyors 27

3.2.3 Measuring Frames on Chain Conveyors 28

3.2.4 Installation for Free Fall Measurement 28

3.3 Installation of Water Cooling 30

3.4 Tachometer Installation (Option) 32

3.4.1 Conveyor Belt Installation 32

3.4.2 Chain and Screw Conveyor Installation 32

3.5 Installation of Evaluation Unit 32

Section 4 Electrical Connections 33

4.1 Detector 33

4.2 Evaluation Unit LB 442 34

SECTION 5 Getting Started 38

5.1 Quick Installation Overview 38

5.2 Getting Started 39

5.2.1 Opening the Radiation Exit Channel 39

5.2.2 Re-adjusting the Detector 40

5.2.3 Basic Settings 41

5.2.4 Calibration 43

Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 45

6.1 General Description 45

6.1.1 Menu Structure (Flow Chart) 48

6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration 49

6.2.1 Slave Menu Functions 66

Table of Contents

Section 7 Calibration 68

7.1 Background 68

7.2 Tare Measurement 68

7.2.1 General Information 68

7.2.2 Tare Compensation 70

7.3 Calibration 71

7.3.1 General Information 71

7.3.2 External Product Selection 71

7.3.3 Preparation for Calibration Weighing 72

7.3.4 Standard Calibration Procedure Step-by-Step 74

Section 8 Checking the Calibration 76

8.1 General Information 76

8.1.1 Correction of Calibration 76

8.1.2 Operating Instructions for Calibration 76

8.2 Correction of Display Value 77

8.2.1 Offset 77

8.2.2 Factor 77

Section 9 Operation of the Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter 78

9.1 Live Display 78

9.2 Regular Operation 78

9.2.1 Results 78

9.2.2 Zero Point Correction through Tare Measurements 79

9.2.3 Batch Operation 80

9.3 Operation with Different Materials 80

9.4 Evaluation Unit as Dry Weight Computer 81

9.5 Starting/Stopping Operation of the System 81

9.6 Error Messages 82

9.6.1 Resetting Error Messages 82

9.6.2 Error Messages during Operation 82

9.6.3 Error Messages during Calibration 83

9.6.4 Error Messages during Measurement 83

Section 10 Technical Data 84

10.1 Evaluation Unit LB 442 84

10.2 Detector 86

10.3 Wall Housing LB4460 88

Section 11 Service Instructions 89

11.1 General Safety Precautions 89

11.2 Trouble Shooting 89

11.3 Shielding and Source 90

11.4 Evaluation Unit LB 442 92

11.4.1 Battery 92

11.4.2 Error Code Listing 93

11.4.3 Error Code Listing with Signal Output 94

11.4.4 Service Functions 95

11.5 Scintillation Detector 98

11.5.1 Working Principle 98

11.5.2 Malfunctions 99

11.5.3 Checking the Crystal-Multiplier Assembly 101

11.5.4 Replacing the Crystal-Multiplier Assembly 103

11.6 Replacing the Evaluation Unit 103

Section 12 Radiation Protection 104

12.1 Basics and Guidelines 104

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Table of Contents

12.2 Safety Instructions 107

12.2.1 Shielding Installation 107

12.2.2 Rod Source Replacement 108

12.3 Radiation Dose Calculations 112

12.3.1 Exposure when Installing the Shielding 113

12.3.2 Exposure when Replacing Rod Sources 113

12.4 Emergency Instructions 114

Section 13 Appendix 115

13.1 Certificates 115

13.1.1 ATEX Certificate for Evaluation Unit 115

13.1.2 ATEX Certificate for Detector 120

13.1.3 ATEX Certificate for Wall Housing 124

13.1.4 Declaration of Conformance 127

13.2 Parameter Protocol (Example printout) 128

13.3 Tachometer Installation 130

13.3.1 Tachometer 132

13.4 Mechanical Drawings 133

13.4.1 Measuring Frame with Rod Source and Point Detector 133

13.4.2 Measuring Frame with Rod Source and 2 Point Detectors 134

13.4.3 Measuring Frame Divided 135

13.4.4 Free Fall Measurement 136

13.4.5 Point Detector 137

13.4.6 Measuring Frame for Rod Detectors 138

13.4.7 Holding Device for Point Source Shielding 139

13.4.8 Rod Detector 140

13.4.9 Mounting Brackets for Rod Detectors 141

13.4.10 Point Source Shielding 142

13.4.11 Evaluation Unit 143

13.5 Wiring Diagram 144

13.5.1 Wall Housing 144

13.5.2 Wall Housing with Two-Detector System 145

13.5.3 19" Frame 146

13.6 Menu Structure 147

13.6.1 Parameter Menu 147

13.6.2 Calibrations and Measurement Menu 148

13.6.3 Slave Menu 149

13.6.4 Service Menu 150

13.7 Configuration List 151

13.7.1 Calibration Data Table 153

13.8 Index 154

Revision History

No. Date Comments

0 27.04.1998

1 22.02.2000 FSK revision, detector code, error listing revised, wirin

dia

rams

and mechanical drawings revised, menu structure added.

2 10.10.2001 Rev2 is based on software version 2.10

The following modifications were added:

ATEX and Master Slave expansion added, functions, menus and

parameter table update, EG&G removed, wiring diagrams revised,

bulk flow measurement with rod detector added, mechanical

drawings completed, calibration explained in more detail.

Section 1 Introduction

1.1 Safety Summary

General Warnings

Environmental Conditions

All system components require non-corrosive environmental conditions during

transportation, storage and commissioning.

Electrical Shock Hazard

Disconnect power to ensure that contact with energized part is avoided during in-

stallation and servicing.

Special Precautions

The measuring system electronics contains components that are highly sensitive

to electrostatic discharge!

Specific Warnings

Never change the installation or the parameter settings without a full knowledge

of the relevant part of this manual, the connected controller and the process, if it

is controlled by this measuring device.

Specific Cautions

This measuring device utilizes radioactive sources. Strict adherence must be

made with regard to the rules of Radiation Protection in this manual and the local

regulations pertaining to the use of radioactive sources.

Installation, dismantling, relocation, maintenance, testing involving the radioac-

tive source, or its shielding shall be performed by persons specifically licensed.

Radioactive sources, which are not in use have to be stored at a save place which

is tamperproof.

Ex Protection

All ex/protected resources may be repaired and serviced only by personnel

licensed by the manufacturer.

1.2 Overview

The Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter LB 442 is designed for non-

contacting measurements of material on conveyor belts, screw

conveyors or chain belt conveyors as well as free fall installations.

The measuring system LB 442 utilizes the radiometric measure-

ment method, i.e. the attenuation of Gamma radiation passing

through the product being measured.

In order to obtain an optimum measuring effect at minimum

source activity, the ideal measuring geometry is calculated for the

respective measuring location and the source is designed accord-

ingly.

Radiometric measuring systems utilize radioactive substances

that are manufactured in compliance with official regulations and

which are protected by suitable shieldings. When handled prop-

erly, any hazards to personnel due to built-in radioactive

substances can be ruled out. As prescribed by law, these

measuring facilities may be operated only by specifically li-

censed persons with sufficient expertise and training.

The hardware and software of the LB 442 system makes it easy to

adapt the system to rather different measuring geometries and

measuring tasks. Therefore, the settings and parameters of the

measuring instrument have to be defined with care for the respec-

tive measuring task when taking the system into operation. The

system should be taken into operation and settings changed only

by persons who know how to work with the instrument. Therefore,

all users should read these operating instructions carefully. We

recommend documenting all settings in a setup protocol (see Ap-

pendix).

This instruction manual describes several possible measuring con-

figurations and instrument versions. The best system configuration

is selected for each measuring task during the planning stage.

Therefore, the respective project documentation has to be ob-

served and taken into account.

Before starting any work, please read this operating manual

carefully!

Section 2 System Description

2.1 Use and Function of the Bulk Flow Meter

The radiometric Bulk Flow Meter LB 442 can be used to determine

the load

□on conveyor belts

□on screw conveyors

□on chain conveyors

□on troughed chain conveyors

□during free fall.

The measurement can be carried out directly on the conveyor sys-

tem or – in case of free fall measurement - at the discharge sta-

tion.

Special instrument configurations and calculations allow adapting

the radiometric bulk flow measurement to the local situation and

the conditions of the product being measured:

a) Instrument configuration (Operating modes)

□Measurement at constant belt speed

□Measurement with tachometer

□Measurement with moisture compensation

b)Measured value

□Conveyed material

□Load

c) Selection of measurement mode

□Continuous measurement

□Discontinuous measurement

- Batch operation via keyboard (press <run> button)

- Batch operation via digital input

d)Result Output

□Live on LCD display for load and quantity

□Current output 0/4 - 20m/A for load

□Pulse output for load

□Minute printout

□Shift printout

2.2 The Principle of Measurement

The principle of determining mass with a radiometric Bulk Flow Me-

ter can be compared to that of X-raying material lying on the con-

veyor. To generate the radiation, which is physically identical to

that of X-ray radiation, radioactive material is used which is easy

to handle and whose energy is dependent on the load on the con-

veyor. The radiation is absorbed by the product on the belt and the

attenuated radiation is picked up by a detector and evaluated by

the microprocessor unit

The attenuation occurring during maximum conveyor throughput

determines the choice of source. Any material between source and

detector reduces the intensity to be measured at the detector.

The radiometric measurement utilizes the physical law of the at-

tenuation of gamma radiation passing through the product being

measured. The resulting measurement effect is the ratio I/I0 be-

tween the unattenuated radiation I0 and the radiation I which is

attenuated by the product being measured. The remaining radia-

tion picked up by the detector (scintillation counter) stands for the

mass of the product being measured. Figure 1 illustrates the prin-

ciple of measurement. The radiation is attenuated according to the

following formula:

I = Io* e - µ' * roh * d

I = Radiation picked up with load

I0= Unattenuated radiation without load

µ= Absorption coefficient) in cm2/g

roh = bulk density of the material on the conveyor in g/cm3

d = height of absorbing material in cm

Detector

Figure 1: Principle of measurement

Source

ρd

Table des matières

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