Bartington MS2 Manuel utilisateur

Operation Manual for

MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System

BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS

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Table of Contents

List of figures 6

1. About this Manual 7

1.1. Symbols Glossary 7

2. Safe Use 7

3. Introduction 8

4. General Information 9

4.1. Measuring Magnetic Susceptibility 9

4.2. The Sensors 9

4.3. Operating Environment Considerations 10

4.4. Software 11

4.5. SI and CGS units 12

4.6. Range Selection 12

4.7. Calibration 12

5. MS2 Meter 13

5.1. Front Panel Controls 13

5.2 MS2 Meter Rear Panel 14

5.3. Rear Panel 14

5.4. Connecting a Sensor 14

5.5. Taking Measurements 15

5.6. Serial Interface 16

5.7. Internal Batteries 17

5.8. Data Transmission 20

5.9. Power Supply Accessories 21

6. MS2B Dual Frequency Sensor 22

6.1. General Description 22

6.2. Dual Frequency Measurements 23

6.3. Single Frequency Measurements 23

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6.4. Setting up the Sensor 23

6.5. Preparation of Samples 25

6.6. Sample Holder Effects 25

6.7. Mass and Volume Specific Measurements 26

6.8. Taking Measurements 26

6.9. Calibration Notes 27

7. MS2C Core Scanning Sensor 28

7.1. General Description 28

7.2. Operating Instructions 29

8. MS2E High Resolution Surface Scanning Sensor 30

8.1. General Description 30

8.2. Characteristics 30

8.3. Operating Instructions 33

8.4. Care of Sensor 34

9. MS2 Probe Handle for Use with Probes Type MS2D and MS2F 35

9.1. General Description 35

10. MS2D Probe 36

10.1. General Description 36

10.2. Calibration Notes 37

11. MS2F Probe 37

11.1 General Description 37

11.2. Operating Instructions 38

12. MS2G Single Frequency Sensor 39

12.1. General Description 39

12.2. Setting Up 40

12.3. Sample Height Adjustment 40

12.4. Calibration 40

12.5. Taking Measurements 41

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13. MS2H Down-Hole Probe 42

13.1. General Description 42

13.2. MS2H Equipment List 43

13.3. Operating Procedure 43

13.4. Checking Calibration 46

13.5. Scaling Factors 47

14. MS2K High Stability Surface Scanning Sensor 47

14.1. General Description 48

14.2. Characteristics 48

14.3. Operating Instructions 49

15. MS2/MS3 Susceptibility/Temperature System 51

15.1 MS2/MS3 Susceptibility Temperature System Cables 51

16. MS2W Water Jacketed Sensor 52

16.1. Calibration Note 53

17. MS2WF Furnace Sensor 53

17.1. Operation 54

17.2. Construction 55

17.3. Pt/Pt.Rh type ‘S’ thermocouple 55

18. Maintenance of MS2WF Furnace 56

18.1. Preparation of Plugs 56

18.2. Furnace Outer Insulation 56

18.3. Thermocouple Installation 57

19. MS2WFP Power Supply/Temperature Controller 58

19.1. Internal Power Distribution 59

19.2. Temperature Control 59

19.3. RS-232 Buffer 59

19.4. Data Format 60

20. Operating Instructions for Susceptibility/Temperature System 60

20.1. Setting Up the Equipment 61

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20.2. Connection to a Computer (GeoLab for Windows Software) 65

20.3. Sensor Orientation 66

20.4 Sample Insertion 67

20.5. High Temperature Measurements 67

20.6. Thermal Gradients 69

20.7. Low Temperature Measurements 70

20.8. GeoLab 70

21. Troubleshooting 71

21.1. No Push-Button Operation 71

21.2. Large Variations in Measured Values 71

21.3. Serial Communications Problems 71

22. Storage and Transport 72

23. Disposal 73

23.1. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations 73

Appendix 1. Magnetic Susceptibility of Common Rocks 74

Appendix 2. Calibration Graphs for MS2C Sensor 75

Appendix 3. Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements (AMS) 77

A3.1. Installation of the AMS Adapter 77

Appendix 4. Adjusting MS2B the platen height. 79

Appendix 5. Calculating Magnetic Susceptibility 80

Notes 81

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

Figure 1a. MS2 meter, front panel. 16

Figure 1b. MS2 meter, rear panel 17

Figure 2. Replacing the MS2 battery. 20

Figure 3. Screws in the base of the MS2 meter. 21

Figure 4. Double-sided insulation foam. 22

Figure 5. MS2B dual frequency sensor. 24

Figure 6. MS2C core scanning sensor. 30

Figure 7. MS2E high resolution surface scanning sensor. 32

Figure 8. MS2E response characteristics. 33

Figure 9. MS2E calibration sample: correct orientation 34

Figure 10. Using a non-magnetic ruler with MS2E sensor. 36

Figure 11. MS2 probe handle for use with probes type MS2D and MS2F. 37

Figure 12. MS2D probe. 38

Figure 13. MS2F probe. 39

Figure 14. Relative variation in sensitivity around the MS2F probe 40

Figure 15. MS2G single frequency sensor. 41

Figure 16. MS2H down-hole probe. 44

Figure 17. MS2K high stability surface scanning sensor. 49

Figure 18. MS2K Depth Response. 51

Figure 19. MS2W water jacketed sensor. 54

Figure 20. MS2WF furnace sensor. 55

Figure 21. MS2WFP power supply/temperature controller. 60

Figure 22. Susceptibility/temperature system. 62

Figure 23. X/T Equipment 63

Figure 24. MS2WFP Connections. 63

Figure 25. MS2WFP outline drawing and mains voltage selection. 64

Figure 26. MS2WFP Mains Voltage Selector Switch. 65

Figure 27. Water Supply Connections. 65

Figure 28. Water cooling system for susceptibility/temperature system. 66

Figure 29. Setting MS3 to Mode B in Bartsoft. 67

Figure 30. Mounting the MS2W on the MS2WF. 68

Figure 31. Using Tweezers to insert crucible into MS2W. 69

Figure 32. Plug inserted above crucible. 69

Figure 33. Thermocouple Selection Switch. 70

Figure 34. MS2WFP Control Panel. 70

Figure 35. Connection for T type Thermocouple. 72

Figure A1.1 Magnetic susceptibility of common rocks. 76

Figure A2.1. Relative response to varying core diameter within MS2C sensor. 77

Figure A2.2. Thin section response of MS2C sensor. 78

Figure A3.1. Changing the MS2B platen. 79-83

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

This manual describes the operation of the MS2 range of magnetic susceptibility measurement

instruments.

It should be read in conjunction with the magnetic susceptibility product brochure DS0020 and

operation manual OM1131 (Multisus for Windows), both of which are available on the MS2/MS3

product page on the Bartington Instruments at www.bartington.com/ms3.html.

Outline drawings of the MS2 meter and sensors are also available on the product page.

Following the instructions in this manual will enable the optimum operation for which your

equipment is designed. Failure to follow these instructions may invalidate your warranty.



The following symbols used within this manual call your attention to specific types of

information:

WARNING: Indicates a situation in which serious bodily injury or death could result if the

warning is ignored.

Caution: Indicates a situation in which bodily injury or damage to your instrument, or both,

could result if the caution is ignored.

Identifies items that must be disposed of safely to prevent unnecessary damage to the

environment.

Note: Provides useful supporting information on how to make better use of your purchase.

2. Safe Use

WARNING: While the MS2 meter usually runs off internal batteries, it can also be powered

by mains electricity. Ensure that the unit is properly earthed at all times. When using

the mains power supply, ensure that the mains adaptor is correct for the local AC mains

voltage (110V or 240V). Do not open the casing or have contact with any internal parts.

WARNING: In addition to the above, ensure that the mains selector on the MS2WFP sensor

is set to the local AC mains voltage (110V or 240V).

WARNING: These products are not qualified for use in explosive atmospheres or life

support systems. Consult Bartington Instruments for advice.

BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS

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

The MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System comprises a variety of sensors together with a field

portable measuring instrument, either the MS2 meter or the MS3 meter.

The MS3 meter is a more compact instrument than the MS2 meter, of higher range and lower

noise, with a primarily USB interface for use in conjunction with a Windows computer or PDA. It

can be used with all of the MS2 sensors in place of the MS2 meter. As it is the subject of its own

operation manual (OM3227), available from the product page, it will not be discussed further

here.

The range of equipment described in this manual in addition to the MS2 Meter is as follows:

• MS2B dual frequency sensor

• MS2C core scanning sensor

• MS2E high resolution surface scanning sensor

• MS2 handle for use with probes type MS2D and MS2F

• MS2D probe

• MS2F probe

• MS2G single frequency sensor

• MS2H down-hole probe

• MS2K high stability surface scanning sensor

• MS2W water jacketed sensor

• MS2WF furnace sensor

• MS2WFP power supply/temperature controller

All sensors are described in the product brochure.

Each MS2 sensor is designed for a specific application and sample type, and is connected to

the MS2 meter via a simple TNC-TNC coaxial cable that is supplied with the order. The meter

displays the magnetic susceptibility value of materials when these are brought within the

influence of the sensor.

An RS-232 serial interface allows the instrument to operate in conjunction with custom software,

Multisus or Bartsoft, running on a portable data logger or PC. Interfacing commands are

provided should there be requirement for an alternate interface.

The MS2 meter is powered by internal rechargeable batteries.

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The circuitry within the MS2 meter powers the sensors and processes the measurement

information produced by them. The measurements are obtained digitally using a time dependent

method. This results in precise and repeatable measurements. The sensors are independently

calibrated and are therefore fully interchangeable between MS2 meters.





Magnetic susceptibility corresponds to the ability of a material to be magnetised in an external

field. Bulk (volume) susceptibility χvol can be directly related to the relative permeability (μr ) of a

material: χvol = μr - 1 and where μr is the ratio of permeability of material/permeability of vacuum.

The MS2/3 instruments rely on the change of inductance in an inductor when the permeability of

its core is changed.

The reference state is measured when the sensor contains only air (the permeability of air is

approximated as the permeability of a vacuum). Taking a reading with a sample will then give the

permeability of the material.

Any thermally induced sensor drift needs to be eliminated by occasionally obtaining a new ‘air’

value, to re-establish the zero reference. This is done by pressing the ‘Z’ button on the MS2

meter (see Front Panel Controls).

The magnetic susceptibility value is displayed digitally and output via a serial interface.

For further information on calculating the magnetic susceptibility and how it is related to

magnetic permeability, see Appendix 5. Calculating Magnetic Susceptibility.



Each sensor subjects the sample to a non-saturating field that has the advantage of measuring

initial susceptibility without destroying any sample magnetic remanence. When measuring non-

metallic samples, the sensors are particularly insensitive to sample conductivity.

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The sensors can be broadly divided into laboratory and field survey sensors:

Type Sensor Purpose

Laboratory

sensors

MS2B Measurement of magnetic susceptibility of soil, rock and

sediment samples.

MS2C High resolution volume susceptibility measurements on

whole cores.

MS2E Measurements with high spatial resolution along split cores

or suitably prepared geological specimens.

MS2G Measurements of powder or liquid samples.

MS2W Measuring temperature dependency of magnetic

susceptibility.

Field

survey

equipment

MS2D Assessment of the concentration of ferromagnetic materials

in the top 100mm of the land surface.

MS2F Stratigraphic study of exposed geological and

archaeological sections.

MS2H Down-hole sensor for sub-surface measurements of

volume magnetic susceptibility of strata.

MS2K Highly repeatable measurements of the volume magnetic

susceptibility of moderately smooth surfaces.

The full range, specifications and functions of the sensors available for use with the MS2 meter

are given in the product brochure.



The following environmental factors should be taken into account when using the MS2 system.

4.4.1. Temperature Induced Drift

The MS2 sensors operate on the principle of comparison between the magnetic permeability

of air and the relative permeablility obtained with the contribution of the sample magnetic

permeability. In order to do this the sensors are required to measure the magnetic permeability

to a high resolution. This can be a very demanding requirement as any change in temperature

can lead to a slight distortion of the coil shape, causing an apparent change in permeability, and

therefore in susceptibility.

Each sensor employs its own technique for temperature compensation to minimise any

temperature induced drift. A facility for automatic correction of temperature drift at the end of a

measurement sequence is also provided by the Multisus and Bartsoft software packages. This

drift correction is worked out by taking a zero (or blank) reading at the start, and then taking a

second blank reading (not a zero) after the sample measurement.

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