Apogee SQ-100 Series Manuel utilisateur

APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA

TEL: (435) 792-4700 FAX: (435) 787-8268 WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM

OWNER’S MANUAL

QUANTUM SENSOR

Model SQ-100 and SQ-300 Series

M E E T I N S T R U M E N T A T I E

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY……………………………..……………………. 3

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….. 4

SENSOR MODELS....................................................................... 5

SPECIFICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………. 6

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION……………………………………………….. 9

OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT……………………………………..…………. 10

MAINTENANCE AND RECALIBRATION………………………………….......... 13

TROUBLESHOOTING AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT…………………………… 15

RETURN POLICY AND WARRANTY…………………………………………………. 16

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

CE and ROHS Certificate of Compliance

We Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

Declare under our sole responsibility that the products:

Models: SQ-110, SQ-120, SQ-311, SQ-321, SQ-313, SQ-323, SQ-316, SQ-326

Type: Quantum Sensor

are in conformity with the following standards and relevant EC directives:

Emissions: EN 61326-1:2013

Immunity: EN 61326-1:2013

Safety: EN 61010-1:2010

EU directive 2004/108/EC, EMC

EU directive 2002/95/EC, RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

EU directive 2011/65/EU, RoHS2

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the

products manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials,

including cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, mercury, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB),

polybrominated diphenyls (PBDE).

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end

products for the presence of these substances, but rely on the information provided to us by our material

suppliers.

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

June 2013

INTRODUCTION

Radiation that drives photosynthesis is called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and is typically

defined as total radiation across a range of 400 to 700 nm. PAR is often expressed as photosynthetic

photon flux (PPF): photon flux in units of micromoles per square meter per second (µmol m-2 s-1, equal to

microEinsteins per square meter per second) summed from 400 to 700 nm (total number of photons from

400 to 700 nm). While Einsteins and micromoles are equal (one Einstein = one mole of photons), the

Einstein is not an SI unit, so expressing PPF as µmol m-2 s-1 is preferred.

Sensors that measure PPF are often called quantum sensors due to the quantized nature of radiation. A

quantum refers to the minimum quantity of radiation, one photon, involved in physical interactions (e.g.,

absorption by photosynthetic pigments). In other words, one photon is a single quantum of radiation.

Typical applications of quantum sensors include incoming PPF measurement over plant canopies in

outdoor environments or in greenhouses and growth chambers, and reflected or under-canopy

(transmitted) PPF measurement in the same environments.

Apogee Instruments SQ series quantum sensors consist of a cast acrylic diffuser (filter), photodiode, and

signal processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor

to a measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space, and are designed for

continuous PPF measurement in indoor or outdoor environments. SQ series sensors output an analog

voltage that is directly proportional to PPF under sunlight (e.g., model SQ-110) or electric lights (e.g.,

model SQ-120). The voltage signal from the sensor is directly proportional to radiation incident on a

planar surface (does not have to be horizontal), where the radiation emanates from all angles of a

hemisphere.

SENSOR MODELS

Apogee SQ series quantum sensor models covered in this manual are un-amplified versions, SQ-100

series and SQ-300 series. Amplified models are also available, which provide larger voltage signals; see

manual for SQ-200 series quantum sensors.

Line quantum sensors, SQ-300 series, provide spatially averaged PPF measurements. All sensors along

the length of the line are connected in parallel, and as a result, Apogee line quantum sensors output a

single voltage signal that is directly proportional to PPF averaged from the location of the individual

sensors.

Sensor model number, serial number, production

date, and calibration factor are located near the

pigtail leads on the sensor cable.

SPECIFICATIONS

Sensitivity:

0.2 mV per µmol m-2 s-1

Calibration Factor:

5.0 µmol m-2 s-1 per mV (reciprocal of sensitivity)

Calibration Uncertainty:

± 5 % (see Calibration Traceability below)

Measurement Repeatability:

< 1 %

Non-stability (Long-term Drift):

< 2 % per year

Non-linearity:

< 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2 s-1)

Response Time:

< 1 ms

Field of View:

180o

Spectral Range:

410 nm to 655 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum; see

Spectral Response below)

Directional (Cosine) Response:

± 5 % at 75ozenith angle (see Cosine Response below)

Temperature Response:

0.06 ± 0.06 % per C (see Temperature Response below)

Operating Environment:

-40 to 70 C

0 to 100 % relative humidity

Can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m

Dimensions:

SQ-110, -120: 2.4 cm diameter and 2.8 cm height

SQ-313, -316, -323, -326: 50 cm length, 1.5 cm width, 1.5 cm height

SQ-311, -321: 70 cm length, 1.5 cm width, 1.5 cm height

Mass:

SQ-100 series: 90 g (with 5 m of lead wire)

SQ-313, -316, -323, -326: 275 g

SQ-311, -321: 375 g

Cable:

5 m of shielded, twisted-pair wire.

Additional cable available in multiples of 5 m

Santoprene rubber jacket (high water resistance, high UV stability, flexibility in cold conditions)

Pigtail lead wires

Calibration Traceability:

Apogee SQ series quantum sensors are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of four

Apogee model SQ-110 or SQ-120 transfer standard quantum sensors under high output T5 cool white

fluorescent lamps. The transfer standard quantum sensors are calibrated through side-by-side

comparison to the mean of at least three LI-COR model LI-190 reference quantum sensors under high

output T5 cool white fluorescent lamps. The reference quantum sensors are recalibrated on a biannual

schedule with a LI-COR model 1800-02 Optical Radiation Calibrator using a 200 W quartz halogen lamp.

The 1800-02 and quartz halogen lamp are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST).

Spectral Response:

Temperature response:

Mean temperature response of eight SQ

series quantum sensors (

errors bars

represent two standard deviations

above and below mean

). Temperature

response measurements were made at 10

C intervals across a temperature range of

approximately -10 to 40 C in a

temperature controlled chamber under a

fixed, broad spectrum, electric lamp. At

each temperature set point, a

spectroradiometer was used to measure

light intensity from the lamp and all

quantum sensors were compared to the

spectroradiometer. The

spectroradiometer was mounted external

to the temperature control chamber and

remained at room temperature during

the experiment.

Mean spectral response of six SQ series

quantum sensors (

error bars represent two

standard deviations above and below

mean

) compared to PPF weighting function.

Spectral response measurements were

made at 10 nm increments across a

wavelength range of 300 to 800 nm in a

monochromator with an attached electric

light source. Measured spectral data from

each quantum sensor were normalized by

the measured spectral response of the

monochromator/electric light combination,

which was measured with a

spectroradiometer.

Cosine Response:

Mean cosine response of twenty-three SQ

series quantum sensors (

error bars

represent two standard deviations above

and below mean

). Cosine response

measurements were made by direct side-

by-side comparison to the mean of four

reference thermopile pyranometers, with

solar zenith angle-dependent factors

applied to convert total shortwave

radiation to PPF. Blue points represent the

AM response and red points represent the

PM response.

Directional, or cosine, response is defined

as the measurement error at a specific

angle of radiation incidence. Error for

Apogee SQ series quantum sensors is

approximately ± 2 % and ± 5 % at solar

zenith angles of 45°and 75°, respectively.

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

Mount the sensor to a solid surface with the nylon mounting screw provided. To accurately measure PPF

incident on a horizontal surface, the sensor must be level. An Apogee Instruments model AL-100 leveling

plate is recommended for this purpose. To facilitate mounting on a cross arm, an Apogee Instruments

model AM-110 mounting bracket is recommended.

To minimize azimuth error, the sensor should be mounted

with the cable pointing toward true north in the northern

hemisphere or true south in the southern hemisphere.

Azimuth error is typically less than 1 %, but it is easy to

minimize by proper cable orientation.

In addition to orienting the cable to point toward the nearest pole, the sensor should also be mounted

such that obstructions (e.g., weather station tripod/tower or other instrumentation) do not shade the

sensor.

Once mounted, the green cap should be removed from the sensor.

The green cap can be

used as a protective covering for the sensor, when it is not in use.

OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT

Connect the sensor to a measurement device (meter, datalogger, controller) capable of measuring and

displaying or recording a millivolt signal (an input measurement range of approximately 0-500 mV is

required to cover the entire range of PPF from the sun). In order to maximize measurement resolution

and signal-to-noise ratio, the input range of the measurement device should closely match the output

range of the quantum sensor.

DO NOT connect the sensor to a power source. The sensor is self-

powered and applying voltage will damage the sensor.

All Apogee un-amplified quantum sensor models (SQ-100 and SQ-300 series) have a standard PPF

calibration factor of exactly:

5.0 µmol m-2 s-1 per mV

Multiply this calibration factor by the measured mV signal to convert sensor output to PPF in units of µmol

m-2 s-1:

Calibration Factor (5.0 µmol m-2 s-1 per mV) * Sensor Output Signal (mV) = PPF (µmol m-2 s-1)

5.0 * 400 = 2000

Example of PPF measurement with an Apogee quantum

sensor. Full sunlight yields a PPF on a horizontal plane at

the Earth’s surface of approximately 2000 µmol m-2 s-1. This

yields an output signal of 400 mV. The signal is converted to

PPF by multiplying by the calibration factor of 5.00 µmol m-2

s-1 per mV.

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