Apogee Instruments SQ-422 Manuel utilisateur

APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA

TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM

OWNER’S MANUAL

QUANTUM SENSOR

Model SQ-422

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Owner’s Manual ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Certificate of Compliance......................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Sensor Models ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Specifications ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Deployment and Installation.................................................................................................................................................... 9

Cable Connectors................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Operation and Measurement ................................................................................................................................................ 11

Maintenance and Recalibration............................................................................................................................................. 20

Troubleshooting and Customer Support................................................................................................................................ 22

Return and Warranty Policy................................................................................................................................................... 23

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

EU Declaration of Conformity

This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

for the following product(s):

Models: SQ-422

Type: Quantum Sensor

The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation:

2014/30/EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive

2011/65/EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS 2) Directive

2015/863/EU Amending Annex II to Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 3)

Standards referenced during compliance assessment:

EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use –EMC requirements

EN 50581:2012 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with respect to

the restriction of hazardous substances

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products

manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see

note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated

diphenyls (PBDE), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and

diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1% lead concentration are

RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products

for the presence of these substances, but rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.

Signed for and on behalf of:

Apogee Instruments, June 2020

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

INTRODUCTION

Radiation that drives photosynthesis is called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and is typically defined as

total radiation across a range of 400 to 700 nm. PAR is often expressed as photosynthetic photon flux density

(PPFD): photon flux in units of micromoles per square meter per second (µmol m-2 s-1, equal to microEinsteins per

square meter per second) summed from 400 to 700 nm (total number of photons from 400 to 700 nm). While

Einsteins and micromoles are equal (one Einstein = one mole of photons), the Einstein is not an SI unit, so

expressing PPFD as µmol m-2 s-1 is preferred.

The acronym PPF is also widely used and refers to the photosynthetic photon flux. The acronyms PPF and PPFD

refer to the same parameter. The two terms have co-evolved because there is not a universal definition of the

term “flux”. Some physicists define flux as per unit area per unit time. Others define flux only as per unit time.

We have used PPFD in this manual because we feel that it is better to be more complete and possibly redundant.

Sensors that measure PPFD are often called quantum sensors due to the quantized nature of radiation. A quantum

refers to the minimum quantity of radiation, one photon, involved in physical interactions (e.g., absorption by

photosynthetic pigments). In other words, one photon is a single quantum of radiation.

Typical applications of quantum sensors include incoming PPFD measurement over plant canopies in outdoor

environments or in greenhouses and growth chambers, and reflected or under-canopy (transmitted) PPFD

measurement in the same environments.

Apogee Instruments SQ series quantum sensors consist of a cast acrylic diffuser (filter), photodiode, and signal

processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a

measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space, and are designed for continuous PPFD

measurement in indoor or outdoor environments. The SQ-422 model outputs a digital signal using Modbus RTU

communication protocol over RS-232 or RS-485.

SENSOR MODELS

This manual covers the Modbus RTU communication protocol, original quantum sensor model SQ-422 (in bold

below). Additional models are covered in their respective manuals.

Model

Signal

Calibration

SQ-422

Modbus

Sunlight and Electric

light

SQ-110

Self-powered

Sunlight

SQ-120

Self-powered

Electric light

SQ-311

Self-powered

Sunlight

SQ-313

Self-powered

Sunlight

SQ-316

Self-powered

Sunlight

SQ-212

0-2.5 V

Sunlight

SQ-222

0-2.5 V

Electric light

SQ-214

4-20 mA

Sunlight

SQ-224

4-20 mA

Electric light

SQ-215

0-5 V

Sunlight

SQ-225

0-5 V

Electric light

SQ-420

USB

Sunlight and Electric

light

SQ-421

SDI-12

Sunlight and Electric

light

Sensor model number and serial number are

located on the bottom of the sensor. If you

need the manufacturing date of your sensor,

please contact Apogee Instruments with the

serial number of your sensor.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calibration Traceability

Apogee SQ series quantum sensors are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of transfer

standard quantum sensors under a reference lamp. The reference quantum sensors are recalibrated with a 200 W

quartz halogen lamp traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

SQ-422

Input Voltage Requirement

5.5 to 24 V DC

Average Max Current Draw

RS-232 quiescent 36.87 mA, active 37.06 mA;

RS-485 quiescent 37.37 mA, active 42.30 mA

Calibration Uncertainty

± 5 % (see Calibration Traceability below)

Measurement Repeatability

Less than 1 %

Long-term Drift

(Non-stability)

Less than 2 % per year

Non-linearity

Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2 s-1)

Field of View

180°

Spectral Range

410 to 655 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50% of maximum; see Spectral

Response below)

Directional (Cosine) Response

± 5 % at 75° zenith angle (see Cosine Response below)

Temperature Response

0.06 ± 0.06 % per C (see Temperature Response below)

Operating Environment

-40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m

Dimensions

30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm diameter

Mass (with 5 m of cable)

140 g

Cable

5 m of two conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire; TPR jacket (high water resistance, high

UV stability, flexibility in cold conditions); pigtail lead wires; stainless steel (316), M8

connector

Spectral Response

Temperature Response

Mean temperature response of eight SQ-100

series quantum sensors (errors bars represent

two standard deviations above and below

mean). Temperature response measurements

were made at 10 C intervals across a

temperature range of approximately -10 to 40 C

in a temperature controlled chamber under a

fixed, broad spectrum, electric lamp. At each

temperature set point, a spectroradiometer was

used to measure light intensity from the lamp

and all quantum sensors were compared to the

spectroradiometer. The spectroradiometer was

mounted external to the temperature control

chamber and remained at room temperature

during the experiment.

Mean spectral response of six SQ-100 series

quantum sensors (error bars represent two

standard deviations above and below

mean) compared to defined plant response

to photons. Spectral response measurements

were made at 10 nm increments across a

wavelength range of 300 to 800 nm with a

monochromator and an attached electric light

source. Measured spectral data from each

quantum sensor were normalized by the

measured spectral response of the

monochromator/electric light combination,

which was measured with a

spectroradiometer.

Slope = 0.06 %

Cosine Response

Mean directional (cosine) response of

six apogee SQ-100 series quantum

sensors. Directional response

measurements were made on the

rooftop of the Apogee building in

Logan, Utah. Directional response was

calculated as the relative difference of

SQ-500 quantum sensors from the

mean of replicate reference quantum

sensors (LI-COR models LI-190 and LI-

190R, Kipp & Zonen model PQS 1). Data

were also collected in the laboratory

using a reference lamp and positioning

the sensor at varying angles.

Directional (cosine) response is defined as the

measurement error at a specific angle of

radiation incidence. Error for Apogee SQ-100

series quantum sensors is approximately ± 2

% and ± 5 % at solar zenith angles of 45° and

75°, respectively.

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

Mount the sensor to a solid surface with the nylon mounting screw provided. To accurately measure PPFD incident

on a horizontal surface, the sensor must be level. An Apogee Instruments model AL-100 Leveling Plate is

recommended to level the sensor when used on a flat surface or being mounted to surfaces such as wood. To

facilitate mounting on a mast or pipe, the Apogee Instruments model AL-120 Solar Mounting Bracket with Leveling

Plate is recommended.

To minimize azimuth error, the sensor should be mounted with the cable pointing toward true north in the

northern hemisphere or true south in the southern hemisphere. Azimuth error is typically less than 1 %, but it is

easy to minimize by proper cable orientation.

In addition to orienting the cable to point toward the nearest pole, the sensor should also be mounted such that

obstructions (e.g., weather station tripod/tower or other instrumentation) do not shade the sensor. Once

mounted, the blue cap should be removed from the sensor. The blue cap can be used as a protective covering for

the sensor when it is not in use.

Nylon Screw: 10-32x3/8

Model AL-100

Model AL-120

Important: Only use the nylon screw provided

when mounting to insulate the non-anodized

threads of the aluminum sensor head from the

base to help prevent galvanic corrosion. For

extended submersion applications, more insulation

may be necessary. Contact Apogee tech support for

details.

CABLE CONNECTORS

Apogee started offering cable connectors on some

bare-lead sensors in March 2018 to simplify the

process of removing sensors from weather

stations for calibration (the entire cable does not

have to be removed from the station and shipped

with the sensor).

The ruggedized M8 connectors are rated IP68,

made of corrosion-resistant marine-grade

stainless-steel, and designed for extended use in

harsh environmental conditions.

Cable connectors are attached directly to the head.

Instructions

Pins and Wiring Colors: All Apogee connectors have

six pins, but not all pins are used for every sensor.

There may also be unused wire colors inside the

cable. To simplify connection to a measurement

device, the unused pigtail lead wire colors are

removed.

If a replacement cable is required, please contact

Apogee directly to ensure ordering the proper

pigtail configuration.

Alignment: When reconnecting a sensor, arrows on

the connector jacket and an aligning notch ensure

proper orientation.

Disconnection for extended periods: When

disconnecting the sensor for an extended period of

time from a station, protect the remaining half of

the connector still on the station from water and

dirt with electrical tape or other method.

A reference notch inside the connector ensures

proper alignment before tightening.

When sending sensors in for calibration, only send the

sensor head.

Tightening: Connectors are designed to be firmly

finger-tightened only. There is an o-ring inside the

connector that can be overly compressed if a

wrench is used. Pay attention to thread alignment

to avoid cross-threading. When fully tightened, 1-2

threads may still be visible.

WARNING: Do not tighten the connector by twisting

the black cable or sensor head, only twist the metal

connector (blue arrows).

Finger-tighten firmly

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