Ailunce HS1 Manuel utilisateur

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

Ailunce HS1 USER’S MANUAL

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

Preface:

This manual is for the HS1 transceiver, a good color tft display

screen for it and good trx. As an open-source SDR (Software

Defined Radio), both in terms of Software and Hardware. As such,

the features of this transceiver will continue to evolve and this

manual is intended to provide a reference source.

Main Features

• Spectrum Dynamic Waterfall Display

• Multiple Working Modes：Receive Mode, Transmit Mode,

TUNE Mode, VFO Mode, SPLIT Mode

• DSP Digital Signal Processing Noise Reduction

• Automatic Notch Filter

• Receive Fine Tuning Function, Changeable MIC Gain Value

• VCC Power Supply Voltage Indication Table

• Transmit Signal Strength Display Table

• Multifunctional Instrument：SWR Standing Wave Ratio Meter,

AVD Audio Frequency Meter, ALC Signal Modulation Meter

Parameter：

Frequency Range

RX：0.5MHz-30MHz

TX：0.5MHz-30MHz

Output Power

Maximum 15W

Receiving Sensitivity

Better than -115dBm

Operating Mode

Full Modes

Operating Voltage Range

DC 9-15V

Dimensions

190mm*69mm*45mm

Maximum Current

3.5A

Transceiver comes with automatic key generator circuit, Can

be connected to the use of automatic keys.

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

Front Panel controls:

All of the controls are defined in software, but for the purpose of

simplicity they are typically defined as follows:

Figure 1:Front panel controls of the HS1 transceiver

Power ~ This turns the transceiver on, but it is also used to turn

the transceiver off and save configuration and frequency

mode/memories. A brief press of this button will also select the

brightness of the LCD backlight. Please read notes about the

backlight and the possibility of its injection of a tone into the

receiver when a “dim”mode is selected. Low brightness will

cause the noise inside the machine to increase, and there is no

such noise at 100% brightness.

Important:

If you have not already done so, please find the menu

item “RX/TX Freq Xlate” and set it to “RX Low LOW”

as this will improve receive and transmit performance.

See this item's menu description in this manual for more

details.

Band-, Band+ ~ These buttons select the next lower or higher

amateur band. When the lowest or highest band is reached it

“wraps around” to the highest/lowest band. Pressing and holding

the Band- along with the Power button may be used to turn

on/off the automatic backlight blanking feature while pressing

and holding the Band- and Band+ buttons will toggle between

the display of the Spectrum Scope and Waterfall Display

STEP-, STEP+ – This sets the tuning step size in steps that

include 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, and 100 kHz. The

function of these buttons may be swapped via a menu setting.

Pressing and holding of one of these buttons will temporarily

change the step size to facilitate tuning in smaller or larger steps

while pressing-and-holding both of these buttons simultaneously

will toggle “frequency lock” on and off, with “on” being

indicated by the main Frequency readout being displayed in

grey.

FREQ ENC – This is used to tune the transceiver's operating

frequency, the tuning steps being set by the STEP- and STEP+

buttons.

ENC1,AF – Rotary encoder ENC1is typically used to adjust the

volume, but its function may be changed using button AF to

adjust the side tone gain

ENC2, RF – Rotary encoder ENC2 is typically used to adjust

the RF gain (or squelch in FM mode but its function may be

changed using button RF to adjust the action of the DSP Noise

Reduction or Noise Blanker strength. In the Menu mode it is

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

used to select the item to be adjusted. Pressing-and-holding

button RF when in normal (non-menu) receive mode will

switch between the right-hand function adjusting the DSP Noise

Reduction or the Noise Blanker “strength.”

ENC3, RIT – Rotary encoder ENC3 is typically used as an

RIT (Receiver Incremental Tuning) but its function may be

changed using button RIT to adjust the sending speed (in Words

Per Minute) in the CW mode, or to adjust the Microphone or

Line-In gain in voice mode. In the Menu mode it is used to

modify the item selected, or button RIT may be

pressed-and-held to select whether Microphone-In or Line-Input

mode is active and to be adjusted.

Mode – This button is used to select the operating mode of the

transceiver (CW, USB, LSB, etc.) Pressing this button cycles

through the available modes.Pressing-and-holding this button

will allow the selection of a mode that is disabled in the menu

system (e.g. AM.)

When “LSB/USB Auto Select” is enabled, pressing button

Mode will skip the sideband that is not appropriate for the

frequency of operation (e.g. USB will not be selected below 10

MHz) but pressing-and-holding this button when LSB is

displayed will change the mode to USB – and

Pressing-and-holding again will change it back to LSB. When

menu item “LSB/USB Auto Select” is enabled, in order to

change to AM you must select a mode other than LSB (or USB)

– such as CW – and then press-and-hold button Mode - AM will

then be selected.

DSP – This button is used to control the DSP audio filter mode.

Pressing-and-holding will turn DSP on/off while preserving the

current settings. Pushing this button will also “reset” the DSP.

PA – This button is used to set the transmit power level (FULL,

5 Watts, 2 Watts, 1 Watt, 0.5 watts, and back to FULL.)

Note: The power is automatically limited to 2 watts in

AM Transmit mode. When in CW, LSB or USB mode

(those modes with a “BFO”) pressing-and-holding this

button will cause a tone with a frequency equal to that

of the CW sidetone and transmit shift to be sounded.

Figure 2: Main display of the HS1 transceiver

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

BW – This button is used to select the audio pass band filter of

the receiver. Pressing-and-holding this button will force the

selection of bandwidth that are otherwise disabled. The

filter-selection function of this button is disabled when the FM

mode is selected, but pressing-and-holding it while transmitting

on FM will cause a tone burst to be generated, if this feature is

enabled.

Buttons F1-F5 are “soft” buttons located under the display, the

functions of which change depending on mode, indicated on the

LCD itself and will be discussed in more detail later in this

document.

Also on the front panel are two LEDs, LD1 on the left and LD2

on the right. LD1, which is typically green, is illuminated on

receive and LD2 which is typically red is illuminated on transmit.

Main Display：

Figure 3: The main screen (annotated) with the SPLIT function activated.

When “Frequency Translate” mode is on, the center frequency indicator

will be shifted to the left or right of center by 6 kHz.

On the main display, just above the Spectrum Scope, there are a

number of indicators:

• Main Frequency Display: This may be displayed

either as a single frequency (transmit/receive as in

Figure 2) or as a “Split” display as shown in Figure 3

with separate transmit and receive frequencies. If the

numbers in this display are grey the “Frequency

Lock”(toggled by pressing-and-holding both the STEP-

and STEP+ buttons simultaneously, or configured in

the menu)is active. If this display is yellow, a

transverter offset has been configured.

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

• RIT+Tuning Display: Above and to the right of the

main frequency display is a smaller display that is offset

from the main display if the RIT is set to something other

than zero.

• Band Display: To the right of the main display is an

indicator of the amateur band in which the current

frequency is tuned. If the current frequency is outside an

amateur band it will display “Gen” (e.g. “General

Coverage”).

• Mode Indicator: Above the “10's” digit of the main

frequency display is the current mode displayed on a blue

background.

• Step Size Indicator: Above the center of the main

frequency display, between the Mode Indicator and the

“Sub” Frequency display is the setting of the current step

size. In Figures 2 and 3 the step size is set to 1 kHz.

Optionally, a “marker” may be activated that puts a line

under the digit indicating the currently-selected step size

(see the menu item “Step Size Marker”).

Along the top there are a number of additional indicators:

• TCXO Mode/Display: In the top-left corner the

“TCXO” box indicates whether the TCXO

(Temperature-Compensated Xtal Oscillator) is active or

not. The TCXO is used to read the temperature of the

Si570 synthesizer (U8 on the RF board) - which should be

thermally-bonded to the temperature sensor, U10, with a

piece of copper or aluminium - and apply a

compensation to it to keep on frequency. When it is active

the bar graph below the temperature display will display

white dots with a blue marker that moves about but when

set to “Off”, the bar graph will be grayed out. If set to

“Stop” the temperature display will be replaced with

“STOPPED”. In Figures 2 and 3 the TCXO is set to ON

and displaying a temperature of 112.5F, but this may be set

to display the temperature in Centigrade. If the temperature

is very low(below 0C or 32F)this will display dashes and

the temperature compensation will be disabled until the

temperature-coupled synthesizer/sensor exceed this

minimum threshold.

• S-Meter: This S-meter is nominally calibrated so that S-9

equals 50 micro volts into a 50 ohm load with each S-unit

representing 6 dB. Practically speaking, the usable range of

the S-meter ranges from about S-3 to something a bit

higher than “40 over” which, if you were “run the

numbers” about matches the dynamic range of the

receiver! The bottom half of the S-Meter's graticule

(“S0-S9”) is normally white in color, but if the receiver's

A/D converter experiences an overload condition, it will

turn red. On bands with strong signals it is normal for this

to momentarily flash red as the internal gain control adjusts

itself. In Figures 2 and 3 the S-meter is displaying a signal

level of S-9.

•PO: The S-Meter scale, when in transmit mode, also

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

indicates the output power from the transmitter.

• Multi-function display: Below the S-Meter and Power

Output meter is a multi-function meter that, using button

F2, may be used to select one of three modes:

SWR,AUDIO, and ALC.

• SWR: When in transmit mode, this meter indicates the

calculated VSWR.Note that the VSWR is calculated only

when the forward power exceeds 0.25 watts. When in

SSB mode, this indicator will not show any VSWR

indication unless/until there has been some RF power that

exceeds the minimum power, allowing a calculation to be

made.

• AUD io: This indicates, in dB, the relative audio level

being applied to the MIC/Line input.

• ALC: This indicates, in dB, the amount of gain reduction

that the ALC is applying while in transmit mode. 3-12dB of

indication during typical speech is normal.

Along the left-hand edge there are a few more indicators,

starting from the bottom-left corner:

• VCC: Below this is a voltmeter that indicates the current

supply voltage.Below 9.50 volts, the digits are displayed in

red, orange below 10.5 volts and yellow below 11.0 volts.

The receiver may function as low as 8 volts, but obtaining

more than 3-5 watts of “clean” transmitter power may not

be possible below 10.5 volts, particularly on the higher

bands.

• FIL: Below this is the current filter bandwidth setting,

selectable by using button BW. In Figures 2 and 3the

bandwidth is shown being set to 2.3 kHz.

• Power Output Setting: Just above the FIL icon is the

currently-selected output power setting, selectable using

buttonG3. In Figures 2 and 3the power is shown being set

to 5 watts.

• DSP Setting: Just above the Power Output Setting is the

indicator of the DSP mode. The modes available are:

“OFF”,“NR”(Noise Reduction), “NOTCH”, and

“NR+NOT”(Noise Reduction and Notch).

Spectrum display:

Below the frequency readout, shown in Figure 2andFigure 3is a

spectrum display that shows signals that are on either side of the

current tuned frequency. Along the bottom of the spectrum display

is a frequency scale that shows the frequency scaling of the

graticules rounded to the nearest kHz. This display works very

much like a spectrum analyzer with the vertical scale being

represented logarithmically, the number of dB/division being

selectable by the user. To further the analogy to a spectrum

analyzer, the“reference level”(the signal level at which a particular

strength is indicated) is automatically adjusted via an AGC

(Automatic Gain Control) within the spectrum scope that operates

independently from the receiver's AGC that automatically scales

the strongest signal within the passband such that it is at/near the

top of the scope–this, to allow the representation of widely varying

signals on different bands without the need of user adjustment.

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

Waterfall display:

Figure 4 shows an alternate method of displaying signals near the

currently-tuned receiver signal is the Waterfall Display. In this

mode, the frequency is displayed along the “X” (horizontal)

axis,just as in the case of the Spectrum Scope but instead of the

signal strength being displayed as height, it is displayed as relative

“brightness”. The waterfall displayed is so-called because it can

convey the history of recent signal in time by showing the most

recent signals at the bottom,but when new signals are analyzed,

the older signals are displaced vertically and the newest signals

are placed along the bottom. In this way, one has a quick visual

“history” of what has occurred not only on the center frequency.

Figure 4: A typical waterfall display in the "Magnify" mode

showing +/- 12 kHz (24 kHz) of a band segment. When "magnify"

mode is NOT active +/-24 kHz (48 kHz) of a band is visible.

Options available to both the Spectrum Scope and Waterfall

Display:

•An adjustable “smoothing” filter (menu item “Scope/Wfall

Filter”) is available that dramatically improves the visibility of

rapidly-changing signals In the menu system, the range of the

Spectrum Scope may be set to span either +/- 24 kHz or +/- 12

kHz, with the scope's AGC operating only on signals within the

displayed span – see the menu setting “Spec. 2x magnify” for

more information.

• Also available are “Window function” selections that operate on

the input FFT data to both the Spectrum Scope and the Waterfall

Display that pre-process the spectral data to minimize “spill-over”

of adjacent FFT “bins”. What this can do is make the Spectrum

Scope and Waterfall display look “sharper” and prevent a strong

signal from “leaking” over and covering a weak one.

Connectors:

On the right-hand side of the transceiver on the UI board are four

3.5mm three-conductor connectors. Starting from the top, these

connectors are:

• Line Out (J1). This is a receive audio output that is fixed

level (unaffected by the volume control) that may be used to

supply audio to a computer for “sound card” (digital) modes.

This connector also carries the audio being transmitted.

• Line In (J2). This input may come from a computer for

“sound card” (digital) for transmitting. Its use must be

selected in the menu for it to be used.

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

• Microphone/PTT (J3). This connector has both a

microphone connector with bias voltage (if R68 is installed)

for powering an electret microphone and a PTT

(Push-to-Talk) line that is shorted to ground to key the radio.

While the PTT line is always active, the microphone must

be selected as the active audio input from the menu for it to

be used. (Note that this is also the “Dah” line, which is also

used for keying in CW “straight key” mode.)

• Speaker/Phones (J4). This jack feeds and external

speaker/headphones, disconnecting the internal speaker when

something is plugged into it.

• Warning: There is no limiting resistor in series with

this audio connection, so you must remember to turn

down the volume before plugging in headphones.

On the RF board, along the right side, there are three connectors.

Starting from the top these connectors are:

• Power connector (J1). This is a coaxial power connector,

5.5mm O.D., 2.1mm I.D., that supplies power to the

transceiver. The outer shell is negative and the inner

conductor is positive.

• Paddle (J2). This connects to either a set of Morse paddles

or a straight key. The outer conductor (“ring”) is typically the

“Dah” while the tip is the “Dit” when in Iambic mode. In

“Straight Key” mode only the outer conductor (“ring”) is

used. (The “Dah” line is the same as the “PTT” line.)

• Accessory (J3). This is used for interfacing with an

external device and may be used for keying the transmitter

and/or determining when the transmitter is keyed. The “tip”

of this jack is the “PTT”/”Dah” line and may be used when

interfacing the transceiver to a computer when operating a

digital mode. The outer conductor (“ring”) is grounded

when the transceiver is in transmit mode and this may be

used to key an external amplifier or TR switch.

• The upper, “A” type (full-sized) USB connector is a USB

host port that may have future use for storage of data/audio

files and/or interface devices such as keyboards and wireless

devices. It is also possible to load firmware from a USB

memory stick from the interface.

• The lower “mini” USB host port is primarily used for

programming firmware into the transceiver.

On the left-hand side of the UI board are two USB connectors.

Finally, the sole connector on the left-hand side of the RF board is

the BNC-type antenna connector, the nominal impedance being 50

ohms.

Ailunce HS1 User’s Manual

Operational modes and functions:

After powering up, the HS1 transceiver will revert to receive

mode on the last frequency, in the mode and using the audio

bandpass filter that was in use when it was last powered down

using the POWER button. In this mode LD1, the left-hand LED

(typically green) is illuminated.

By default, ENC1 controls the volume, ENC2 the RF Gain and

ENC3 controls the RIT.

When in transmit mode LD2 (typically red) the right-hand LED is

illuminated. In transmit mode most of the controls are frozen, this

being done to prevent the change of frequency, filter type and

mode during mid-transmission.

Tune mode may be entered by pressing the button located below

the TUNE icon on the screen (e.g.button F5) at any time and in

this mode a carrier is generated, along with an audible sidetone in

the speaker, the amplitude being set by the “Sidetone Gain” (STG)

setting. The output power may adjusted during transmit by

pressing the button PA to cycle through the settings. The TUNE

label on the LCD will turn red while TUNE mode is active.

Pressing the TUNE button again will exit.

Receive mode:

Transmit mode:

TUNE mode:

Always have a suitable load connected to the transmitter

(matched antenna or dummy load) before entering TUNE mode

or ANY transmit mode.

Notes:

When not in Menu mode, “soft” button F4, beneath the display. This button

toggles which VFO, A or B, is currently the “Active” VFO. This display

will change, always indicating the currently-active VFO.

If SPLIT mode is not active, the currently active VFO's frequency, filter

selection and mode are used for both receive and transmit.

If SPLIT mode is active the currently active VFO's frequency and filter are

used for receive while the “other” VFO's frequency is that used for

• When in TUNE mode audio being input to the Microphone and

LINE inputs will be ignored.

• When TUNE is activated in SSB mode, the frequency offset from

the display frequency and the sidetone frequency (e.g. the tone

emitted from the speaker) will always be 750 Hz.

• Note: There will be no tone in SSB-TUNE mode when frequency

translation is active.

• When TUNE is activated in CW mode the frequency offset from the

display frequency and the sidetone frequency will be that configured

as the sidetone frequency in the menu.

• Pressing-and-holding the TUNE button will toggle the Transmit

Disable function. If this is activated the TUNE indicator above button

F5 will be displayed in grey and pressing it will have no effect. The

“Transmit Disable” function may also be enabled/disabled in the

configuration menu.

VFO A (or VFO B):

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