Sunnytech ST2420 Manuel utilisateur

ST Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Series

ST2420—ST2430—ST2440

Solar Charge and Discharge Controller User Manual

Model

ST2420

ST2430

ST2440

Battery voltage

12V/ 24V

Max. solar panel voltage

100V (25°C), 90V (-25°C)

Charging current

20A

30A

40A

Discharging current

20A

Dear users,

Thank you for choosing our product!

Safety Instructions

1. As this controller deals with voltages that exceed the top limit for human safety, do not

operate it before reading this manual carefully and completing safety operation training.

2. The controller has no internal components that need maintenance or service, thus do

not attempt to disassemble or repair the controller.

3. Install the controller indoors, and avoid component exposure and water intrusion.

4. During operation, the radiator may reach a very high temperature, therefore install the

controller at a place with good ventilation conditions.

5. It's recommended that a fuse or breaker be installed outside the controller.

6. Before installing and wiring the controller, make sure to disconnect the photovoltaic

array and the fuse or breaker close to the battery terminals.

7. After installation, check if all connections are solid and reliable so as to avoid loose

connections that may give rise to dangers caused by heat accumulation.

Warning: means the operation in question is dangerous, and you

should get properly prepared before proceeding.

Note: means the operation in question may cause damage.

Tips: means advice or instruction for the operator.

Table of Contents

1. Product Introduction................................................................................................................ 4

1.1 Product Overview.............................................................................................................. 4

1.2 Product Features................................................................................................................ 4

1.3 Exterior and Interfaces...................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Introduction to Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology......................................... 7

1.5 Charging Stages Introduction............................................................................................9

2. Product Installation..................................................................................................................12

2.1 Installation Precautions................................................................................................... 12

2.2 Wiring Specifications...................................................................................................... 13

2.3 Installation and Wiring.................................................................................................... 14

3. Product Operation and Display............................................................................................... 18

3.1 LED Indicators................................................................................................................ 18

3.2 Key Operations................................................................................................................ 21

3.3 LCD Startup and Main Interface.....................................................................................21

3.4 Load Mode Setting Interface...........................................................................................23

3.5 System Parameter Settings.............................................................................................. 24

4. Product Protection Function and System Maintenance.......................................................... 25

4.1 Protection Functions........................................................................................................ 25

4.2 System Maintenance........................................................................................................27

4.3 Abnormality Display and Warnings................................................................................ 28

5. Product Specification Parameters............................................................................................28

5.1 Electric Parameters..........................................................................................................28

5.2 Battery Type Default Parameters (parameters set in monitor software).........................29

6. Conversion Efficiency Curve.................................................................................................. 31

6.1 12V System Conversion Efficiency................................................................................ 31

6.1 24V System Conversion Efficiency................................................................................ 31

7. Product Dimensions.................................................................................................................32

Product Introduction

1.1 Product Overview

This product can keep monitoring the solar panel's generating power and tracking the

highest voltage and current values (VI) in real time, enabling the system to charge the

battery in maximum power. It's designed to be used in off-grid solar photovoltaic

systems to coordinate operation of the solar panel, battery and load, functioning as the

core control unit in off-grid photovoltaic systems.

This product features an LCD screen which can dynamically display the operating

status, operating parameters, controller logs, control parameters, etc. Users can

conveniently check parameters by the keys, and modify control parameters to cater to

different system requirements.

The controller utilizes standard Modbus communication protocol, making it easy for

users to check and modify system parameters on their own. Besides, by providing free

monitoring software, we give users the maximum convenience to satisfy their varied

needs for remote monitoring.

With comprehensive electronic fault self-detecting functions and powerful electronic

protection functions built inside the controller, component damage caused by

installation errors or system failures can be avoided to the greatest extent possible.

1.2 Product Features

◆With the advanced dual-peak or multi-peak tracking technology, when the solar panel

is shadowed or part of the panel fails resulting in multiple peaks on the I-V curve, the

controller is still able to accurately track the maximum power point.

◆A built-in maximum power point tracking algorithm can significantly improve the

energy utilization efficiency of photovoltaic systems, and raise the charging efficiency

by 15% to 20% compared with the conventional PWM method.

◆A combination of multiple tracking algorithms enables accurate tracking of the

optimum working point on the I-V curve in an extremely short time.

◆The product boasts an optimum MPPT tracking efficiency of up to 99.9%.

◆Advanced digital power supply technologies raise the circuit's energyconversion

efficiency to as high as 98%.

◆Charging program options are available for different types of batteries includinggel

batteries, sealed batteries, open batteries, lithium batteries, etc.

◆The controller features a limited current charging mode. When the solar panel power

exceeds a certain level and the charging current is larger than the rated current, the

controller will automatically lower the charging power and bring the charging currentto

the rated level.

◆Instantaneous large current startup of capacitive loads is supported.

◆Automatic recognition of battery voltage is supported.

◆LED fault indicators and an LCD screen which can display abnormality information

help users to quickly identify system faults.

◆Historical data storage function is available, and data can be stored for up to a year.

◆The controller is equipped with an LCD screen with which users can not only check

device operating data and statuses, but also modify controller parameters.

◆The controller supports standard Modbus protocol, fulfilling the communication needs

of various occasions.

◆The controller employs a built-in over-temperature protection mechanism.When

temperature surpasses the set value, the charging current will decline in linear

proportion to the temperature so as to curb the temperature rise of the controller,

effectively keeping the controller from being damaged by overheat.

◆Featuring a temperature compensation function, the controller can automatically adjust

charging and discharging parameters in order to extend the battery's service life.

◆TVS lighting protection

1.3 Exterior and Interfaces

○

No.

Definition

○

Transmitting terminal TX

○

Receiving terminal RX

○

Power supply grounding /Signal grounding

○

Power supply grounding /Signal grounding

○

Power supply positive

○

Power supply positive

Fig. 1-1 Product appearance and interfaces

No.

Item

No.

Item

○

Charging indicator

○

Battery "+" interface

○

Battery indicator

○

Battery "-" interface

○

Load indicator

○

Load "+" interface

○

Abnormality indicator

○

Load "-" interface

○

LCD screen

○

External temperature

sampling interface

○

Operating keys

○

RS232 communication

interface

○

Installation hole

○

Solar panel "+"

interface

○

Solar panel "-"

interface

1.4 Introduction to Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is an advanced charging technology that

enables the solar panel to output more power by adjusting the electric module's

operating status. Due to the nonlinearity of solar arrays, there exists a maximum

energy output point (maximum power point) on their curves. Unable to

continuously lock onto this point to charge the battery, conventional controllers

(employing switching and PWM charging technologies) can't get the most of the

power from the solar panel. But a solar charge controller featuring MPPT

technology can continuously track arrays' maximum power point so as to get the

maximum amount of power to charge the battery.

Take a 12V system as an example. As the solar panel's peak voltage (Vpp) is

approximately 17V while the battery's voltage is around 12V, when charging with a

conventional charge controller, the solar panel's voltage will stay at around 12V,

failing to deliver the maximum power. However, the MPPT controller can

overcome the problem by adjusting the solar panel's input voltage and current in

real time, realizing a maximum input power.

Compared with conventional PWM controllers, the MPPT controller can make the

most of the solar panel's max. power and therefore provide larger charging current.

Generally speaking, the latter can raise the energy utilization ratio by 15% to 20%

in contrast with the former.

VP curve

VI curve

I (A)

MPPT point

P (W)

PWM charging

Fig. 1-2 Solar panel output characteristic curve

Meanwhile, due to changing ambient temperature and illumination conditions, the

max. power point varies frequently, and our MPPT controller can adjust parameter

settings according to the environmental conditions in real time, so as to always keep

the system close to the max. operating point. The whole process is entirely

automatic without the need of human intervention.

Current decreases with dwindling light

Open-circuit voltage decreases with dwindling light

Fig. 1-3 Relation between solar panel output characteristics and illumination

With temperature dropping, current

stays stable and power increases

Open-circuit voltage decreases with rising temperature

Fig. 1-4 Relation between solar panel output characteristics and temperature

1.5 Charging Stages Introduction

As one of the charging stages, MPPT can not be used alone, but has to be used

together with boost charging, floating charging, equalizing charging, etc. to

complete charging the battery. A complete charging process includes: fast charging,

sustaining charging and floating charging. The charging curve is as shown below:

Solar panel temperature

Time

Fig. 1-5 Battery charging stages diagram

a) Fast charging

At the fast charging stage, as the battery voltage has not reached the set value of full voltage (i.e. equalizing/ boost

voltage) yet, the controller will perform MPPT charging on the battery with the maximum solar power. When the

battery voltage reaches the preset value, constant voltage charging will begin.

b) Sustaining charging

When the battery voltage reaches the set value of sustaining voltage, the controller

will switch to constant voltage charging. In this process, no MPPT charging will be

performed, and meanwhile the charging current will also gradually decrease. The

sustaining charging stage itself consists of two sub-stages, i.e. equalizing charging

and boost charging, the two of which are not carried out in a repeated manner, with

the former getting activated once every 30 days.

Boost charging

By default, boost charging generally lasts for 2h, but users can adjust preset values

Ce manuel convient aux modèles suivants

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