Solar Electronics 7054-1 Manuel utilisateur

INTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR

MODEL 7054-1

SPIKE GENERATOR

March 10, 1971

Revised: June 11, 1976

Revised: March 9, 2007

Revised: June 30, 2009

Solar Electronics Company

A Division of A. T. Parker, Inc.

10866 Chandler Boulevard

North Hollywood, California 91601

Telephone: (818) 755-1700 Fax: (818) 755-0078

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Application…………………………………………………………………………...

2.0 Description…………………………………………………………………………..

3.0 Specifications……………………………………………………………………….

4.0 Operation………………………………………………………………………….....

4.1 General…………………………………………………………………........

4.2 Interconnections for Parallel Injection…………………………...........

4.3 Interconnections for Series Injection………………………….............

4.4 FUNCTION Switch…………………………........…………………………

4.5 Pulse Positioning…………………………........………………………….

4.6 Repetition Rate…………………………........………………………….....

4.7 Spike Amplitude…………………………........…………………………...

4.8 Amplitude with Low Impedance Loads…………………………..........

4.9 Pulse Shape…………………………........…………………………..........

5.0 Maintenance and Calibration…………………………......................................

5.1 Equipment

Required…………………………........................................+

5.2 Preliminary Procedure.........................................................................

5.3 Voltage Check......................................................................................

5.4 Trigger Waveform................................................................................

5.5 Check and Adjustment of Maximum Amplitude................................

5.6 Check and Adjustment of Frequency Calibration.............................

5.7 Check and Adjustment of Range of Pulse.........................................

5.8 Check and Adjustment of Range of Pulse.........................................

5.9 Check of Single Pulse Function.........................................................

5.10 Compare Waveforms on 2K Ω50 W Resistors................................

6.0 Parts List…………………………........................................……………………..

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Oscilloscope Plots, Illustrations and Images

Oscilloscope Plots

Figure 1 – Pulse Shape with 5 ΩLoad on Either Series or Parallel Output…………...

Figure 2 – Pulse Shape with 0.5 ΩLoad on Either Series or Parallel Output…………

Figure 9 – Waveform at output of Q5, Amplitude at zero…………………………………

Figure 10 – Waveform at output of Q5, Amplitude at maximum………………………...

Illustrations

Figure 3 – Parallel Injection on DC Line……………………………………………………..

Figure 4 – Series Injection on AC Line……………………………………………………….

Figure 5 – Series Injection on DC Line, Measuring 7054-1 Spike Only………………...

Figure 6 – Setup for Pulse Position Test on 400 Hz Line…………………………………

Images

Figure 7 – Printed Circuit Board Reference Designators…………………………………

Figure 8 – Adjustment Sliders and Measurement Point…………………………………..

Figure 11 – 2K Ω50 W Resistors……………………………………………………………...

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1.0 Application

The model 7054-1 Spike Generator was specifically designed for screen room use in

making conducted transient susceptibility tests as required by MIL-STD-826A, MIL-STD-

461A/462 and other RFI/EMI specifications.

2.0 Description

The model 7054-1 Spike Generator provides a transient pulse (spike) with amplitude

adjustable up to 600 V peak. Using parallel injection into a resistive load, the output

transient closely follows an idealized curve with less than 1 µs rise time and falling to

10% of full voltage in approximately 10 µs. See Figure 1 and 2. The repetition rate is

adjustable from 0.8 pulses per second (pps) to 10 pps.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Vertical: 20 V/div

Horizontal: 10 µs/div

Frequency: 10 pps

Amplitude: 100 V peak into 5 Ωload

Figure 1 – Pulse shape with 5 Ωload on either series or parallel output

120

100

litude, Volts

Microseconds

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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Vertical: 20 V/div

Horizontal: 2 µs/div

Frequency: 10 pps

Amplitude: 100 V peak into 0.5 Ωload

Figure 2 – Pulse shape with 0.5 Ωload on either series or parallel output

A FUNCTION switch allows either recurring spikes at a selected rate or provides for

single spikes by a panel-mounted push button. The FUNCTION switch also provides for

synchronization with 60 Hz* or 400Hz lines.

When synchronizing with AC lines, the PULSE POSITION knob allows for phase

adjustment of the spike to position it anywhere on the AC sine wave.

The PARALLEL output terminals provide for injection of the spike in parallel with the

load. The SERIES output terminals provide connections for series injection. The output

terminals are isolated from the chassis and the AC line.

100

-20

litude, Volts

Microseconds

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3.0 Specifications

Spike Repetition Rate

Continuously adjustable from 0.8 pps to 10 pps

Spike Amplitude

Continuously adjustable from 5 V to 600 V peak

Spike Duration

Output falls to 10% of full voltage in approximately 10 µs with a 5 Ωload on the

SERIES output terminals

Rise Time

Less than 1 µs into 5 Ωresistive load

Spike Shape

Ringing characteristic as per Figure 1 and Figure 2

Phase Adjustment

Adjustable from 0° to 360° on 60 Hz* or 400 Hz lines

Internal Impedance

Approximately 0.5 Ω

Power Line Current in Series Injection Mode

Handles 25 A RMS at power frequencies or DC

Power Requirement

115 V 60-400 Hz, 1.6 A**

Size

19” rack panel, 7” high x 12-3/4” deep, less projections

Weight

US: 36 lb.; Metric: 16.3 kg.

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4.0 Operation

4.1 General

Parallel Injection is most often used for DC lines. Series injection is always used on AC

lines. CAUTION! DO NOT CONNECT OUTPUT OF SPIKE GENERATOR IN

PARALLEL WITH AC LINES. ALTHOUGH SERIES INJECTION CAN BE USED ON

EITHER AC OR DC LINES, PARALLEL INJECTION MUST NOT BE USED ON AC

LINES SINCE SEVERE DAMAGE TO THE SPIKE GENERATOR WILL RESULT.

4.2 Interconnections for Parallel Injection

As shown in Figure 3, connect the oscilloscope to the terminals marked PARALLEL.

Also connect these terminals to the DC input power leads of the equipment under test.

Take precautions to prevent grounding the load through the case of the oscilloscope.

Use a Solar type 7032-1 Isolation Transformer or equivalent at the power input to the

oscilloscope. All output terminals on the Spike Generator are isolated from the case of

the unit.

When parallel injecting the spike into a DC line, it is desirable to use an inductor in series

with the power source so that the spike is applied to the test sample without the R.F.

shunting effect of the power source impedance. The secondary of Solar Type 6220-1A

Audio Isolation Transformer is well suited for this application and is capable of carrying

50 A of test sample current.

Solar

7054-1

Oscilloscope

Solar

7032-1

Isolation

Transformer

Test Sample

A.C.

D.C. Line

Solar

6512-106R

10 µF

Solar

6220-1A

FIGURE 3 - PARALLEL INJECTION ON D.C. LINE

Parallel

Output

Parallel Series

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4.3 Interconnections for Series Injection

For series injection, connect the output terminals marked SERIES in series between the

power source and the test sample as shown in Figure 4. It is recommended that the

injection be in series with the ungrounded side of the power line.

Solar

7054-1

Oscilloscope

Solar

7032-1

Isolation

Transformer

Test Sample

A.C.

A.C. Line

Solar

6512-106R

10 µF

Series

Output

FIGURE 4 - SERIERS INJECTION ON A.C. LINE

Parallel Series

The series connection is capable of handling 25 A RMS or DC This connection inserts

approximately 75 µH in series with the test sample. The power frequency voltage drop

across this reactance is 4.75 V at 25 A, 400 Hz.

The oscilloscope should be connected across the SERIES output terminals to indicate

the shape and magnitude of the spike being injected into the circuit. See Figure 5.

However, the spike as it appears on the AC waveform into the test sample is best seen

by connecting the oscilloscope across the power input leads to the test sample, as

shown in Figure 4. Precautions must be taken to avoid grounding the hot side of the

power line through the case of the oscilloscope.

Solar

7054-1

Oscilloscope

Solar

7032-1

Isolation

Transformer

Test Sample

A.C.

D.C. Line

Solar

6512-106R

10 µF FIGURE 5 - SERIES INJECTION ON D.C. LINE

OSCILLOSCOPE MEASURING 7054-1 SPIKE ONLY

Parallel Series

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4.4 FUNCTION Switch

This control enables the operator to select from three functions. In the extreme left,

SINGLE PULSE position, it provides for pushbutton operation of single transients. The

FREQUENCY P.P.S. position selects the variable repetition rate function. The last two

FUNCTION switch positions select pulse positioning on 60Hz and 400Hz AC power

signals respectively.

4.5 Pulse Positioning

With the equipment connected for series injection on AC lines, as shown in Figure 4,

place the FUNCTION switch in 60 Hz* or 400 Hz SYNC position as required. The power

cord of the Spike Generator must be connected to the same power source as the test

sample.

However, when operating on a 400 Hz power line for the pulse position test, it is

necessary to connect the blower fan to the standard 60 Hz* line. See figure 6. This is

accomplished by removing the parallel blade connector, P1, from its socket (adjacent to

the fuses on the rear panel) and connecting it to a primary power source of 115 V 60

Hz*.

Connect the oscilloscope across the power input to the test sample. Avoid grounding the

hot side of the line through the case of the oscilloscope. A power line isolation

transformer such as Solar type 7032-1 is suggested at the power input to the scope, as

shown in figures 4 and 6.

Oscilloscope Sola

7032-1

Test Sample

400

Line

Sola

6512-106R

10 µF

Series

Output

FIGURE 6 - SETUP FOR PULSE POSITION TEST ON 400 Hz LINE

115 V

400 Hz

Line

Sola

7054-1

Parallel Series

115 V

60 Hz

LINE

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The PULSE POSITION control in conjunction with the polarity reversing switch will

enable phase shift of the injected spike through 360° as observed on the oscilloscope.

The phase reversing switch at the bottom of the panel will allow adjustment of the spike

position to the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle of the power line sine wave.

Due to the phase difference existing, the knob position corresponding to the voltage zero

crossover will differ from one test sample to another.

When synchronizing on a 60 Hz* line, the spike appears on every 8th sine wave of the

power frequency. On a 400 Hz line, the spike appears on every 64th sine wave. The

spike position, however, is the same on each sine wave on which the spike appears.

This periodic injection of the spike is due to the 7.5** pps rate on 60 Hz* lines and a rate

of 6.2 pps on 400 Hz lines. (In this equipment, the repetition rate must be kept below

10 pps to allow time for the charging of the capacitors which provide the energy for the

spike.)

CAUTION: WHEN OPERATING ON A 400 HZ POWER LINE, DO NOT LEAVE THE

FUNCTION SWITCH IN THE 60 HZ POSITION FOR PROLONGED PERIODS SINCE

IT MAY CAUSE OVERHEATING OF THE POWER SUPPLY.

Upon completion of the 400 Hz pulse positioning test, reinsert the parallel blade

connector into the mating socket. This connector should remain in this position for all

other uses of the Spike Generator.

4.6 Repetition Rate

The calibration of the knob in pps is reasonably accurate (approximately ±10%) at all

panel markings. For applications where the exact rate is important, it may be measured

on the time base scale of the associated oscilloscope. The rate is independent of load

conditions.

4.7 Spike Amplitude

The amplitude of the spike is adjustable from approximately 5 V to 600 V peak by means

of the AMPLITUDE knob. The calibration of this scale is most accurate at 100 V with a

resistive load greater than 5 Ωand with a repetition rate of 10 pps. For adjustment of

amplitude into unknown loads, the knob must be adjusted while watching the spike

amplitude on an oscilloscope with calibrated vertical amplitude.

4.8 Amplitude with Low Impedance Loads

Since the internal impedance of the Spike Generator is of the order of 0.25-1.0 Ω, the

amplitude into a matched load will be one half that of the open circuit amplitude. This

characteristic enables the operator to estimate the load impedance when it is

approaching the internal impedance of the generator.

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