Sentera PHX Manuel du propriétaire

Pilot’s Operating Handbook

PHX

Unmanned Aircraft

Version 1.2

Sentera, LLC

6636 Cedar Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55423, USA

This page intentionally blank

REVISION HISTORY

Version

Description

Date

0.1

DRAFT - Initial Release

14 July, 2017

0.2

DRAFT - Release

03 August, 2017

0.3

DRAFT - Release

12 September, 2017

0.4

DRAFT –Release

11 January, 2018

0.5

DRAFT –Release

18 January, 2018

0.6

DRAFT –Release

09 March, 2018

1.0

Official –Release

13 August, 2018

1.1

Official - Release

16 August, 2018

1.2

Official –Release

13 September, 2018

i 
 
CONTENTS 
SECTION 1: GENERAL....................................................................................................................1-1 
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................1-1 
3-VIEW DRAWING.............................................................................................................................1-1 
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND TERMINOLOGY .....................................1-2 
UAS TERMS:...................................................................................................................................1-2 
AIRCRAFT TERMS: .......................................................................................................................1-2 
AVIATION TERMS:.........................................................................................................................1-2 
USER INTERFACE TERMS:.........................................................................................................1-3 
SECTION 2: LIMITATIONS..............................................................................................................2-1 
SECTION 3: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.................................................................................3-1 
LOSS OF PROPULSION ..................................................................................................................3-1 
GCS SOFTWARE CRASH OR LOCK-UP.....................................................................................3-1 
LOST LINK ..........................................................................................................................................3-1 
Aircraft autonomous behavior during lost link.....................................................................3-2 
Aircraft autonomous behavior during lost GPS:..................................................................3-2 
SECTION 4: NORMAL PROCEDURES.........................................................................................4-1 
FLIGHT PLANNING IN SENTERA GROUND CONTROL SOFTWARE ..................................4-1 
PRE-FLIGHT ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................4-7 
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION ..............................................................................................................4-8 
MAGNETIC COMPASS CALIBRATION ........................................................................................4-9 
CHECKLISTS....................................................................................................................................4-10 
EXAMPLE PRE-FLIGHT CHECKLIST.....................................................................................4-11 
DURING FLIGHT AIRCRAFT STATUS SCAN .......................................................................4-12 
LANDING PROCEDURE.............................................................................................................4-12 
LAUNCH TECHNIQUE....................................................................................................................4-12 
LANDING TECHNIQUE...................................................................................................................4-14 
ADVANCED PLANNING FOR LANDING PATTERNS..............................................................4-14 
SECTION 5: PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................................5-15 
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS.......................................................................................5-15 
SECTION 6: WEIGHT AND BALANCE.........................................................................................6-1 
WEIGHT ...............................................................................................................................................6-1 
CENTER OF GRAVITY......................................................................................................................6-1 

ii 
 
SECTION 7: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION...........................................................................................7-1 
AIRCRAFT DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................................7-1 
AIRCRAFT SENSORS ......................................................................................................................7-2 
LIST OF EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................................................7-2 
FIELD SUPPORT KIT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................7-3 
SECTION 8: HANDLING, SERVICE, AND MAINTENANCE .....................................................8-1 
BATTERY CHARGING......................................................................................................................8-1 
ASSEMBLY: AIR VEHICLE..............................................................................................................8-3 
ASSEMBLY: COMMS BOX..............................................................................................................8-4 
DISASSEMBLY AND PACKING: AIR VEHICLE..........................................................................8-5 
STORAGE............................................................................................................................................8-5 
Battery Maintenance and Storage:...................................................................................................8-5 
Battery Disposal:.................................................................................................................................8-5 
Battery transportation:....................................................................................................................8-6 
SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE......................................................................................................8-6 
PROPELLER REPLACEMENT....................................................................................................8-6 
PITOT-STATIC TUBE REPLACEMENT.....................................................................................8-6 
MINOR STRUCTURAL REPAIR..................................................................................................8-7 
SPINNER REPLACEMENT ..........................................................................................................8-8 
AIR SPEED SENSOR REPLACEMENT.....................................................................................8-8 
MOTOR REPLACEMENT.............................................................................................................8-8 
PROPULSION WIRE HARNESS REPLACEMENT..................................................................8-9 
PHX MAINTENANCE FORM......................................................................................................8-10 
SECTION 9: SUPPLEMENTS..........................................................................................................9-1 
CONNECTING TO THE COMMS BOX...........................................................................................9-1 
SENTERA DOUBLE 4K, AG AND MAPPING PAYLOAD..........................................................9-1 
OFFLINE MAPS..................................................................................................................................9-3 
SECTION 10: SAFETY TIPS........................................................................................................10-1 
BATTERY USE - PRECAUTIONS.................................................................................................10-1 
PROHIBITED MANEUVERS ..........................................................................................................10-1 
PROPELLER SAFETY - PRECAUTIONS....................................................................................10-1 
 

1-1

SECTION 1: GENERAL

INTRODUCTION

This Pilot’s Operating Handbook is for the PHX fixed wing unmanned

aircraft system (UAS).

The PHX UAS is a nominally 4 pound (2 kg), hand launched, electric

powered, autopilot controlled aircraft that is remotely operated using a

tablet or laptop computer with a digital wireless data-link. The PHX UAS

can be fitted with a number of sensor payloads for precision agriculture,

survey and mapping, and public safety applications.

3-VIEW DRAWING

1-2

ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND

TERMINOLOGY

UAS TERMS:

UAS –unmanned aircraft system

GCS –ground control station

UA –unmanned aircraft

UAV –unmanned aerial vehicle

AIRCRAFT TERMS:

Pitot tube –Device that measures the speed of the air passing

by/over the air vehicle.

Control Surfaces (Elevons) –Flaps on the trailing edge of wings that

control aircraft orientation.

Fuselage –Primary enclosure that houses the autopilot, sensor, and

other essential electronics.

Payload/Sensor –Camera unit installed into the UAV to capture

mission imagery.

Servos –Geared electronic motors that operate control surfaces via

commands from the autopilot.

Magnetometers –Electronic sensors that measure the magnetic

orientation of aircraft (e.g. N,S,E,W).

C.G. –center of gravity

AVIATION TERMS:

Winds aloft –Speed and direction of winds at flight altitude.

Ground speed –Speed of the aircraft over the ground.

Airspeed –Speed of the relative wind over the aircraft and

conversely, the speed of the aircraft relative to the air mass.

GPS Altitude –Altitude of an aircraft determined by readings from the

GPS unit.

1-3

Barometric Altitude –(a.k.a. Baro Altitude) Altitude of aircraft

determined by readings from the barometric altimeter.

MSL –Altitude of an aircraft as measured above the average sea

level, calculated as a weighted average from the baro and GPS

measurements.

Pitch, Roll, and Yaw (Aircraft Attitude) –Pitch: nose up or down, Roll:

banking of wings, Yaw: left or right lateral motion of the aircraft nose.

USER INTERFACE TERMS:

Takeoff waypoint –Waypoint that aircraft will fly to after takeoff.

Land Waypoint –Waypoint that aircraft will touch down at when

landing.

Survey Waypoint Pattern –Waypoint pattern that outlines image

capture area and dictates where photos are taken.

Loiter Waypoint –Waypoint in which aircraft will circle indefinitely at a

predetermined altitude.

Artificial Horizon –Shows aircraft yaw, pitch, roll, and telemetry.

Failsafes –Time and altitude limits that an aircraft will adhere to in

case of lost link, lost GPS, and low battery.

2-1

SECTION 2: LIMITATIONS

The operator must ensure the system is operated within limits. The

autopilot and ground control station software have some built-in checks that

aid the operator, but ultimately the operator is responsible for keeping the

system within all limits.

SPEED LIMITS

The autopilot in the PHX UAS automatically maintains airspeed based on

the Pitot-static pressure measurements:

Vstall: 22 mph (19 kts, 10 m/s), standard sea level conditions

Vmin: 30 mph (26 kts, 13 m/s), autopilot limited

Vcruise: 35 mph (30 kts, 16 m/s), autopilot default

Vmax: 45 mph (40 kts, 20 m/s)

ALTITUDE LIMITS

The PHX UAS autopilot automatically maintains commanded altitude based

on the onboard barometric and GPS altitude sensors:

Minimum recommended cruise altitude: 150 ft. (46 m) AGL

Maximum density altitude: 14,000 ft. (4300 m) MSL (mean sea level)

Maximum altitude above ground: flight operations must remain

below the maximum altitude allowed by local regulations or local

airspace authority. Often this means below 400 ft. (120 m) AGL

(height above ground).

2-2

WIND LIMITS

Maximum winds aloft = 28 mph (24 kts, 12 m/s)

Maximum crosswind takeoff = 5 mph (4 kts, 2 m/s) crosswind

component

Maximum crosswind landing = 15 mph (13 kts, 7 m/s) crosswind

component

PRECIPITATION AND MOISTURE LIMITS

Do not fly in precipitation, fog, mist, or clouds.

GPS LIMITS

Minimum 10 GPS satellite fix recommended.

TEMPERATURE LIMITS

Operational temperature limits

Minimum = 14 F (-10 C)

Maximum = 120 F (50 C)

Storage temperature limits

Minimum = -10 F (-23 C)

Maximum = 120 F (50 C)

BATTERY LEVEL LIMITS

Maximum voltage: 12.6 volts

Nominal voltage: 11.1 volts

Minimum voltage: 9.0 volts

Warning: battery will be damaged if discharged below 9.0 volts during

operation or if left in storage for a long time. Check battery level every 3

months when storing and recharge to 50% storage level as needed.

Tip: Never go below 10% battery level during flight. Never go below 6%

battery level during ground handling.

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