Radio Shack TRS-80 III Manuel utilisateur

CAT. NO. 26-2112 $5.95

Model m

Operation and

BASIC Language

Reference Manual

Radio /haek

The biggest name in little computersTV

CUSTOM MANUFACTURED IN THE USA BY RADIO SHACK 53 ADIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION

The FCC Wants You to Know . .

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy. It not installed and used prop-

erly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, it may cause interfer-

ence to radio and television reception.

It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for aClass Bcomputing

device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart Jof Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are

designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in aresidential instal-

lation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in aparticular

installation.

If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be

determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the

interference by one or more of the following measures:

•Reorient the receiving antenna

•Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver

•Move the computer away from the receiver

•Plug the computer into adifferent outlet so that computer and receiver are on different

branch circuits.

If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for

additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Com-

munications Commission helpful: How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference

Problems.

This booklet is available from the US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

Warning

This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for aClass Bcomputing device,

pursuant to Subpart Jof Part 15 of FCC Rules. Only peripherals (computer input/output

devices, terminals, printers, etc.) certified to comply with the Class Blimits may be attached

to this computer. Operation with non-certified peripherals is likely to result in interference to

radio and TV reception.

Model III

Operation

and BASIC

Manual

Radio /hack®

MADIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION

FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102

TRS-80® Model III Operation and BASIC

Corporation, Fort Worth, Texas 76102

Reproduction or use, without express written

permission from Tandy Corporation, of any

portion of this manual is prohibited. While

reasonable efforts have been taken in the

preparation of this manual to assure its accuracy,

Tandy Corporation assumes no liability resulting

from any errors or omissions in this manual, or

from the use of the information obtained herein.

Corporation and Microsoft. All Rights

Reserved.

The system software in the Model 111

microcomputer is retained in aread-only memory

(ROM) format. All portions of this system

software, whether in the ROM format or other

source code form format, and the ROM circuitry,

are copyrighted and are the proprietary and trade

secret information of Tandy Corporation and

Microsoft. Use, reproduction or publication of any

portion of this material without the prior written

authorization by Tandy Corporation is strictly

prohibited.

Second Edition: 10 98765432

To Our Customers. ..

The TRS-80® Model III Computer is avery powerful tool for business ,home and

recreation. Twenty years ago, this capability would have cost hundreds of times as

much as your Model III cost, and would have taken up an entire room.

In spite of its power and internal complexity ,the Model III can be quite simple to

operate. In fact, you can determine just how "technical" amachine you want it to

be.

At the simplest level of operation, you can use Radio Shack prepared cassette

programs .All you will need to know is how to load and run acassette program, and

how to operate the cassette recorder. If this is where you want to start, read

Chapters 1through 6in the Operation Section. You may also want to read about

CLOAD and SYSTEM in Chapter 16 in the Language Section.

If you want to write your own programs and you are abeginner, read Chapters 1

through 6in the Operation Section, then start reading the book, Getting Started

with TRS-80 BASIC. That, plus several other Radio Shack books, can guide you to

becoming aprogrammer in BASIC and Z-80 language ('

'machine code")

If you already know BASIC ,and especially if you have experience on aTRS-80

Model I, read the entire Operation Section of this manual, as well as the Appendix

which compares the Model Iand Model III. The Model III has many unique

features and some very important differences .Afew minutes spent before you

press (ENTER) could save you hours later.

About This Manual

This manual contains operating instructions and adescription of Model III BASIC. It

is arranged for easy reference, whether you are seeking simple or technical

information. Pages are numbered sequentially, and there is acomprehensive Index

at the end of the book.

If you are a beginner, don't worry about the technical parts in the Operation

Section. The beginning of each chapter is for you .(When you get to the POKE

statements ,you can skip ahead to the next chapter. ..)You don'tneed to read past

Chapter 6. Then, when you learn simple BASIC programming, you can return and

try out all the "goodies" packed into your Model III.

Very Important Note

Before you even plug in your Model III. read Chapters 2and 3—no

matter how much you think you know. This applies whether you

have acassette- or disk-based system

Remember, when all else fails, read the instructions!

TRS-80 MODEL III

Contents

Operation Section

1/ ABrief Description of the Computer 1

2/ Installation 5

3/ Operation 9

Power-On RESET Switch Power-Off DStart-Up Dialog

Modes of Operation Sample Session

4/ Using the Keyboard 19

Capitals and Lowercase Special Keys Control Codes

5/ Using the Video Display 23

Character Size Cursor Scroll Protection Text

Graphics Space Compression Special Characters

6/ Using the Cassette Interface 29

Cassette Transfer Speed Loading Errors Saving aBASIC

Program on Tape Loading aBASIC Program from Tape D

How to Search for aProgram Loading aSYSTEM Tape

Searching for aProgram

7/ Using aLine Printer 35

Line Printer vs Video Display Output Printer Control

Features Print Screen Function

8/ Using the RS-232-C Interface 41

What is an Interface? Using the Model III as aTerminal

Programming the RS-232-C

9/ Routing Input/Output 49

To Route from One Device to Another Routing Multiple

Devices

10/ Real-Time Clock 53

To Set the Clock To Read the Clock To Display the Clock

11/ Input/Output Initialization 57

12/ Technical Information 59

To Protect High RAM ROM Subroutines DMemory Map

Summary of Important ROM Addresses Summary of

Important RAM Addresses

13/ Troubleshooting and Maintenance 85

Symptom/Cure Table AC Power Sources DMaintenance

14/ Specifications 89

Power Supply Microprocessor \J RS-232-C Interface

DParallel (Printer) Interface DCassette Interface

BASIC Language Section

15/ BASIC Concepts 95

16/ Commands 125

17/ Input-Output Statements 133

18/ Program Statements 147

19/ Strings 163

20/ Arrays 173

21/ Arithmetic Functions 179

22/ Special Features 185

23/ Editing 195

Appendices

A/ Model III Summary 205

Special Characters and Abbreviations Commands

Statements Functions Reserved Words Program

Limits Memory Use Accuracy

B/ Error Codes 223

C/ TRS-80 Model III Character Codes 227

Keyboard/Display Characters Graphics Special

Characters Video Display Worksheet

D/ Internal Codes for BASIC Keywords 237

E/ Derived Functions 239

F/ Base Conversions 241

GModel Ito Model III Program Conversion Hints 245

H/ Glossary 247

I/ RS-232-C Technical Information 251

Index 255

For Warranty and Customer Information, see the back cover and

inside back cover.

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