Power Studio PWM-14000 Manuel utilisateur

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

User Instructions

This booklet contains important information concerning the proper and safe operation of your new amplifier..

Made in Taiwan

Index

01 Precautions

02 Introduction

03 Front Panel

04 Rear Panel

05 Operation and Performance

CH A

CH B

HI-IMP CLIP

SIG -20dB -15dB -10dB -4dB VPL CPL VHF TEMP MUTE

POWERPAL

HI-IMP CLIP

SIG -20dB -15dB -10dB -4dB VPL CPL VHF TEMP MUTE

BRIDGE

P W M - 1 4 0 0 0

PROFESSIONAL POWER AMPLIFIER

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Rear Panel Operation and Performance

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

DO NOT OPEN

CAUTION: To reduce the risk of electrical

shock, do not remove the cover

(or back). No user serviceable

parts inside; refer servicing to

qualified personnel.

WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or

electrical shock, do not expose

this appliance to rain or

moisture.

This symbol, wherever it appears,

alerts you to the presence of

uninsulated dangerous voltage

inside the enclosure - voltage that

may be sufficient to constitute a

risk of shock.

This symbol, wherever it appears,

alerts you to important operating

and maintenance instructions in

the accompanying literature. Read

the manual.

Important Precautions

To reduce the risk of electrical shock or fire, do not expose this unit in rain or

moisture.

Make sure that the AC Mains voltage is correct and matches the voltage printed on

the rear panel of the amplifier (110 V or 220V)

Do not spill water or other liquids into or on to your unit.

Do not attempt to operate this unit if the power cord has been frayed or broken.

Do not attempt to remove or break off the ground prong from the electrical cord.

This prong is used to reduce the risk of electrical shock and fire in case of an

internal short.

Disconnect mains power before making any type of connection.

Do not remove the cover under any conditions. There are no user serviceable

parts inside.

Never plug this unit in to a dimmer pack.

Always be sure to mount this unit in an area that will allow proper ventilation. Allow

about 6” (15cm) between this device and wall.

Do not attempt to operate this unit if it becomes damaged.

This unit is intended for indoor use only, use of this product outdoors voids all

warranties.

During long periods of non-use, disconnect the unit’s mains power.

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Rear Panel Operation and Performance

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

Always mount this unit in a safe and stable manner.

Power cords should be routed so they are not likely to be walked on, pinched by items

placed upon or against them.

Cleaning -The outside of the unit should be wipe down with a soft cloth and mild

cleaner when needed.

Heat -The amplifier should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators,

heat registers, stoves, or other appliances (including amplifiers) that produce heat.

The fixture should be serviced by qualified service personnel when:

A. The power-supply cord or the plug has been damaged.

B. Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the unit.

C. The appliance has been exposed to rain or water.

D. The fixture does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in

　 performance.

Introduction

Congratulations and thank you for purchasing PWM-14000 amplifier. This amplifier is

a representation of PowerStudio’s continuing commitment to produce the best and

highest quality audio products at an affordable price. This amplifier is designed to

provide a big impact in sound reproduction. Please read and understand this manual

completely before attempting to operate your new amplifier. This booklet contains

important information concerning the proper and safe operation of your new amplifier.

Unpacking: Every PWM-14000 amplifier has been thoroughly tested and has

been shipped in perfect operating condition. Carefully check the shipping carton for

damage that may have occurred during shipping. If the carton appears to be damaged,

carefully inspect your unit for any damage and be sure all accessories necessary to

operate the system have arrived intact. In the event damage has been found or parts

are missing, please contact your dealer for further instructions.

Installation: This amplifier is designed to mount into a standard 19”rack. The

front panel provides four holes used to screw the unit into a rack. The unit also

provides a way to rear mount the unit into a rack for added security. Rear mounting the

unit is especially recommended if the unit is to mount into a mobile rack.

Precautions Introduction Rear Panel Operation and PerformanceFront Panel

Front Panel Control

Figure 1

1. Carry/protection handle - Both handles can be used to carry the amplifier, they also act

as protection for the front panel.

2. Front panel fan grill & filters - Detachable snap-in front panel design for the ease of

dust filters replacement (as Figure 1A), foam filters are located behind the front panel to

prevent dust entering the amplifier.

3. Input level attenuators - These controls are used to alter the signal level entering the

amplifier. They are calibrated to help set up active loudspeaker systems or cut down

unwanted noise from the input signal.

4. Clip/limit indicator - This indicator tells when the amplifier output is clipping or limiting.

The two different states can be told apart:

 When the clip limiter is engaged it flickers briefly.

 When the clip limiter is not engaged it lights for a longer period.

5. VHF protect indicator - This indicator lights when constant signals, above 12KHz at full

power, are present at the output terminals. When this happens the input signal is muted

and the process cycles until the VHF signal is no longer present.

6. Over temperature protect indicator - This indicator lights if the amplifier tries to operate

above its maximum operating temperature (90°C). The indicator first comes on as a

warning to either turn down the input level or check the cooling arrangements after which

point the amplifier will mute the input signal. When the cooling fans have returned the

output heatsinks to the normal operating temperature the input signal is unmuted.

7. Mute indicator - This indicator will light when if a fault condition on the channel. The

possible conditions may be due to overload, overheat, CPL and VHF protection.

8. AC Power switch - This is used to activate the amplifier.

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

CH A

CH B

HI-IMP CLIP

SIG -20dB -15dB -10dB -4dB VPL CPL VHF TEMP MUTE

POWERPAL

HI-IMP CLIP

SIG -20dB -15dB -10dB -4dB VPL CPL VHF TEMP MUTE

BRIDGE

P W M - 1 4 0 0 0

21 3 6

817

Figure 1 A

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Operation and PerformanceRear Panel

ON DI P O N DIP

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PUSH PUSH

~110V 60Hz

~220V 60Hz

21 3 4

Figure 2

PUSH PUSH

Audio inputs and loop-thru

connectors-tow-channel models

Binding Posts-two-channel

models

Rear Panel Control

ON DIP ON DIP

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4. Output connectors - PWM-14000 offered with Binding Post connectors for

speaker output connection.

3. Input connectors - This

amplifier is equipped with XLR-

F input connector, two-channel

models also offer

parallel(”loop-thru”) XLR-M

output connectors for daisy-

chaining multiple amplifiers

from the same signal source.

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

1. AC line cord - Mains input 110V or 220V

operation (Not selectable)

2. The DIP - switch features - The following

features may be adjusted using the DIP-

switches on the rear panel of the amplifier.

 Gain - Globally set for all channels, from

+23dB to +44dB in 3dB steps.

 Option active - Not currently implemented.

 Fan Masked - When on, engages the

intelligent fan feature; fan speed is lowered

when no signal is present.

 Bridge A+B - Switches the channel pairs into bridge mode operation, an automatic -6dB

gain compensation is applied.

 VPL - The Voltage Peak Limiter provides optimum peak voltage settings for each channel.

Level selections vary by model within the PWM-14000 amplifier.

 Mode - Select VPL mode to either Hard or Soft operation. For channels driving sub-woofers

and low-frequency drivers, it is recommended to use the Hard setting for optimal operation.

For mid-and-high-frequency drivers, always select Soft.

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Rear Panel Operation and Performance

Operation and Performance

Signal flow blocks

The PWM Series amplifier has the same signal flow, and the same feature sets. The

only internal differences are in the maximum output current per channel and VPL

settings.

The input stage of PWM Series amplifier has a high sensitivity to provide ample

system headroom. This in effect means that the input stage is almost impossible to

clip.

Overall amplifier input gain is adjusted using the input stage DIP-switches. Please

note that the gain setting is global, affecting all channels. Following the input stage,

the dedicated level control on each channel allows signal attenuation from 0 dB to

minus.

The Current Peak Limiter (CPL) section dynamically limits the input signal based on

three parameters: sensed current level, feedback from the output stage, and sensed

voltage clip from the VPL (and output amplifier voltage clip if “Soft Clip” is activated).

This ensures that power output is maintained within the design limits of the amplifier.

The adjustable Voltage Peak Limiter (VPL) sets the maximum output voltage and

therefore also the maximum output power. Eight different voltage stages are

available using the DIP-switches on the rear panel.

The sophisticated output section monitors faults and generates appropriate

warnings, which are displayed on the amplifier front panel. These alerts allow the

operator to adjust system settings and thereby avoid problems. In the rare event that

conditions are extraordinarily severe, the amplifier will shut down until the fault or

problem setting has been rectified or adjusted. These sensing circuits are also

employed to feed back voltage and current level information, via a side chain, to the

limiters. Sensing circuit also transmit local amplifier module temperature and power

supply temperature to the appropriate protection mechanisms. Read the Protection,

Faults and Warnings section for further details.

Figure 3

PWM-14000 signal flow

Gain select switches Front panel

potentiometer

Dynamic Gain

reduction

VPL select switches

Class TD

Hard/Soft switch Voltage Clip sensing

Current clip sensing

Control Mute

Monitoring Level

Temperature

Fault/Warning

Input Amplifier Level control Clip Limiter Voltage Peak Limiter Output Power Amplifier

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

Headroom, Sensitivity and VPL/Gain settings



NOTE





NOTE



The input amplifier and limiter system is designed to accommodate extremes of

performance. Typically, exceeding maximum input by much as +10dB will only result in a 1%

increase in distortion. The following schematics illustrate how the adjustable VPL and Gain

circuitry affect input sensitivity and output power.

The tables of the figure 4 showed input sensitivity for PWM-14000 with 2 ohm load and 195V

peak (max.) and 54V peak (min.) respectively for the eight different gain stages between

+23dB and +44dB. The resulting output power is displayed in dBu, Vrms and Watts in the

tables to the far right.

The headroom available through the input stage to the clip limiter is shown by the dotted

lines as +10dB at 195V peak and +16.1dB at 54V peak. These lines illustrate the additional

signal level that can be accepted at the input before any significant distortion will appear at

the input stage.

If you use the level potentiometer in the signal chain to reduce the level by an

amount greater than the headroom relative to input sensitivity, AND you drive the

amplifier to clip level, you are in danger of clipping the input stage before the

current or voltage peak limiters are activated.

When bridging two channels, you must add +6dB to the input sensitivity to

achieve maximum output voltage due to the automatic -6dB gain compensation

inserted by the amplifier.

Gain select switches Front panel

potentiometer

Dynamic Gain

reduction

VPL select switches

Class TD

Hard/Soft switch Voltage Clip sensing

Current clip sensing

Control Mute

Monitoring Level

Temperature

Fault/Warning

Input Amplifier Level control Clip Limiter Voltage Peak Limiter Output Power Amplifier

VPL set to 195 VPEAK

Input

sensitivity

dBu / Vrms

10.0 / 2.5

13.0 / 3.5

16.0 / 4.9

19.0 / 6.9

22.0 / 9.8

Gain set to:

(DIP-switches)

+44 dB

+41 dB

+38 dB

+35 dB

+32 dB

+29 dB

+26 dB

+23 dB

+10 dB headroom to clip

relative to input sensitivity *)

VPL set to 54 VPEAK

Input

sensitivity

dBu / Vrms

-4.1 / 0.5

-1.1 / 0.7

1.9 / 1.0

4.9 / 1.4

7.9 / 1.9

Gain set to:

(DIP-switches)

+44 dB

+41 dB

+38 dB

+35 dB

+32 dB

+29 dB

+26 dB

+23 dB

+16,1 dB headroom to clip

relative to input sensitivity *)

Voltage Peak

Limiter set to:

(DIP-switches)

195 V peak

170 V peak

140 V peak

116 V peak

100 V peak

80 V peak

66 V peak

54 V peak

Output Power

dBu / V rms

45.0 / 138

43.8 / 120

42.1 / 99

40.5 / 82

39.2 / 71

37.3 / 57

35.6 / 47

33.9 / 38

Output Power

@ 2 Ohm

Watt

6,500 W

4,970 W

3,540 W

2,550 W

1,850 W

1,330 W

960 W

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Rear Panel Operation and Performance

Figure 4

PWM-14000 VPL and GAIN settings

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

1.0 / 0.87

4.0 / 1.23

7.0 / 1.7

-7.1 / 0.34

10.9 / 2.7

-10.1 / 0.24

*) Headrom limited to +5dB at Gain set to +23dB at Max. VPL

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Rear Panel Operation and Performance

Audio Input and Output connections

Balanced Input connections

PUSH PUSH

Figure 5

Audio inputs and loop-thru

Unbalanced Input connections

Figure 7

Unbalanced XLR wiring schematic

The XLR input connectors are electronically balanced, and wired according to the

IEC268 standard (pin2 = hot). XLR input connector should be wired as follows:

Pin1 Ground/shield

Pin 2 Hot (+)

Pin3 Cold (-)

Figure 6

Balanced XLR wiring

schematic



NOTE

When linking the same source signal to several input channels, be aware

that there is a limit to the number of channels an output source can “drive”.

A typical output source (e.g. a DSP crossover unit) can drive up to four

amplifier channels before external line-drivers might be required to buffer

the signal.

Gnd

To connect an input to an unbalanced source, it is possible to connect pins 1 and 3

in the XLR plug at the amplifier end of the cable. However, a better method is to

connect pin 3 to the shield at the source end of the cable, as this usually results in

better hum and noise rejection. Balanced input connections are recommended

whenever possible.

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Rear Panel Operation and Performance

Binding Post (BP) Output connectors

Figure 8

Binding Post outputs

Refer to the instructions in this

section if your amplifier is

equipped with Binding Post output

connectors.

Connect the positive (+)

loudspeaker cable to the positive

(+) red terminals. Connect the

negative (-) loudspeaker cable to

the negative (-) black terminals.

For bridge mode, connect the

positive (+) terminal on Channel A

to the positive (+) loudspeaker

cable and the negative (-) terminal

on Channel B to the negative (-)

loudspeaker cable.

The outputs on The PWM-14000 amplifier produce high voltage. Do not

connect or disconnect the loudspeaker cables while the mains power is on.

Never operate the amplifier with any portion of bare loudspeaker wire

exposed.



NOTE





NOTE



Never connect an output terminal to ground, or to any other input or output.

Observe relative loudspeaker polarity: loudspeakers connected in reverse

polarity will exhibit degraded performance, particularly in bass frequencies,

and may be damaged as a consequence.

Use a high-quality stranded loudspeaker cable, and keep cable runs as short

as possible.

Output bridge mode

It is possible to bridge channels in two-channel versions. When bridged, the input source

must be connected to input A (A+B). Output speaker cables must be connected to the

plus pole on channel A and the minus pole on B.

Most power amplifier designs, when bridged, automatically introduce a +6dB input gain

boost which can lead the user to conclude that amplifier delivers “more than double the

power” when in bridge mode. This is clearly not the case, as the gain boost artificially

enhances perceived power at the cost of headroom. The PWM-14000 amplifier works on

globally set constant gain, and automatically compensate the input gain by -6dB.

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

Precautions Introduction Front Panel Rear Panel Operation and Performance

Amplifier Gain

Channel gain/level (front-panel pots)

Amplifier sensitivity

The PWM-14000 amplifier feature adjustable input gain. This versatility enables the

amplifier to accommodate a multitude of system configurations with various input

sources and speaker layouts. Amplifier gain is set globally for all channels. The

range is +23dB to +44dB in 3dB steps. Individual channel fine level adjustment is

available using the potentiometers on the front panel.

The unique adjustable input gain feature of the PWM-14000 makes it easier to attain

the optimum balance between headroom and signal-to-noise ratio in the signal path.

A weak signal at the input might require the gain to be raised in order to achieve

maximum output power with the lowest signal-to-noise ratio. A “hot” input signal,

however, would require a lowering of the gain to avoid sending the amplifier into

Voltage or Current clipping.

Individual channel gain (level) may be adjusted using the potentiometers located on

the front panel. Range is from 0dB to - infinity.



NOTE

If the level control is used to attenuate to a lower level than the headroom

relative to input sensitivity AND the amplifier input is driven into clip, there

is a danger of clipping the input stage before the current or voltage peak

limiters are activated.

Sensitivity is defined as how many Volts (rms) or dBu (referred to 0.775 Vrm) are

required to achieve full (maximum) output power. As the output power varies with the

load impedance, 4 ohms is usually the common reference. Since PWM-14000

amplifier is capable of providing multiple maximum output power levels through use

of the VPL feature, many sensitivity calculations may be required for a single

amplifier.

Output Voltage Peak Limiter (VPL)

Voltage Peak Limiter (VPL) is a unique feature in PWM-14000 amplifier. It is used to

select the maximum power available on each output channel. VPL levels are set

using the rear-panel DIP-switches; eight level positions are offered.

AMPLIFIER PWM-14000

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