Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 Mode d’emploi

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Server

www.novell.com11

March23,2009 Administration Guide

Administration Guide

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All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this

does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,

nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents

About This Guide xi

Part I Support and Common Tasks 1

1YaST Online Update 3

1.1 Installing Patches Manually Using the Qt Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Installing Patches Manually Using the gtk Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.3 Automatic Online Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2Gathering System Information for Support 9

2.1 Novell Support Link Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.2 Using Supportcong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3 Submitting Information to Novell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3YaST in Text Mode 15

3.1 Navigation in Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.2 Restriction of Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3 YaST Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4Managing Software with Command Line Tools 21

4.1 UsingZypper........................... 21

4.2 RPM—the Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5Bash and Bash Scripts 39

5.1 What is “The Shell”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

5.2 Writing Shell Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.3 Redirecting Command Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

5.4 UsingAliases........................... 47

5.5 Using Variables in Bash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

5.6 Grouping And Combining Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

5.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

5.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Part II System 53

632-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 55

6.1 RuntimeSupport......................... 56

6.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

7Booting and Conguring a Linux System 61

7.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

7.2 TheinitProcess.......................... 65

7.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

8The Boot Loader GRUB 77

8.1 BootingwithGRUB........................ 78

8.2 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

8.3 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

8.4 CreatingBootCDs........................ 93

8.5 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

8.6 Troubleshooting ......................... 95

8.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

9Special System Features 99

9.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

9.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 106

9.3 KeyboardMapping........................ 107

9.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

10 Printer Operation 113

10.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

10.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

10.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

10.4 NetworkPrinters......................... 117

10.5 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

10.6 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

10.7 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . 120

10.8 Troubleshooting......................... 123

11 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 131

11.1 The /dev Directory....................... 131

11.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

11.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

11.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

11.5 Monitoring the Running udev Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

11.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 135

11.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

11.8 Files used by udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

11.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

12 The X Window System 145

12.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

12.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

12.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

13 Accessing File Systems with FUSE 159

13.1 ConguringFUSE........................ 159

13.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

13.3 Mounting Remote File System with SSHFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

13.4 Mounting an ISO File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

13.5 Available FUSE Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

13.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Part III Mobile Computers 163

14 Mobile Computing with Linux 165

14.1 Laptops ............................ 165

14.2 MobileHardware ........................ 172

14.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

14.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

15 Power Management 175

15.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

15.2 ACPI.............................. 176

15.3 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

15.4 Troubleshooting......................... 182

15.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

16 Using Tablet PCs 185

16.1 Installing Tablet PC Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

16.2 Conguring Your Tablet Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

16.3 Using the Virtual Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

16.4 Rotating Your Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

16.5 Using Gesture Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

16.6 Taking Notes and Sketching with the Pen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

16.7 Troubleshooting......................... 194

16.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Part IV Services 197

17 Basic Networking 199

17.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

17.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

17.3 NameResolution ........................ 214

17.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

17.5 NetworkManager ........................ 239

17.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

17.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

18 Wireless Communication 259

18.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 259

19 SLP Services in the Network 269

19.1 Installation........................... 269

19.2 ActivatingSLP.......................... 270

19.3 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

19.4 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

19.5 Providing Services via SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

19.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

20 Time Synchronization with NTP 273

20.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

20.2 Manually Conguring ntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

20.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

20.4 Clock Synchronization to an External Time Reference (ETR) . . . . . . . 278

21 The Domain Name System 279

21.1 DNSTerminology........................ 279

21.2 Installation........................... 280

21.3 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

21.4 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

21.5 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

21.6 ZoneFiles ........................... 296

21.7 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

21.8 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

21.9 DNSSecurity.......................... 302

21.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

22 DHCP 303

22.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

22.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

22.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

22.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

23 Using NetworkManager 321

23.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

23.2 Enabling NetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

23.3 Conguring Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

23.4 Using KDE NetworkManager Widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

23.5 Using GNOME NetworkManager Applet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

23.6 NetworkManager and VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

23.7 NetworkManager and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

23.8 Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 331

23.10 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

24 Samba 333

24.1 Terminology........................... 333

24.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

24.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

24.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

24.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

24.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 344

24.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

25 Sharing File Systems with NFS 347

25.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

25.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

25.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

25.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

25.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

25.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

25.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

26 File Synchronization 361

26.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

26.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

26.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

26.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

26.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

27 The Apache HTTP Server 371

27.1 QuickStart........................... 371

27.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

27.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

27.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

27.5 Getting CGI Scripts to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

27.6 Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

27.7 Avoiding Security Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

27.8 Troubleshooting......................... 409

27.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

28 Setting up an FTP server with YaST 413

28.1 Starting the FTP server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

28.2 FTP General Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

28.3 FTP Performance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

28.4 Authentication ......................... 416

28.5 ExpertSettings ......................... 417

28.6 For more information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

29 The Proxy Server Squid 419

29.1 Some Facts about Proxy Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

29.2 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

29.3 StartingSquid.......................... 423

29.4 The Conguration File /etc/squid/squid.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

29.5 Conguring a Transparent Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

29.6 cachemgr.cgi .......................... 434

29.7 Cache Report Generation with Calamaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

29.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

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