Mitsubishi Electric R410A Manuel utilisateur

A guide to

R410A

The

Natural

Choice

Contents

The facts on R410A refrigerant

A brief history of refrigerant

R410A in detail

Ensure correct system evacuation

When using copper pipework

The right tools

Summary

With more manufacturers introducing systems that use

R410A refrigerant, we’ve produced this booklet to explain

the hype that currently surrounds R410A and to present you

with the facts.

Handled correctly, many installers have already realised that R410A refrigerant

has some excellent benefits to offer. However, it’s being portrayed within

the industry as potentially dangerous to use or, it’s being labelled as the only

efficient refrigerant that’s available - which simply isn’t true.

Whilst R410A can provide some small advantages in efficiency, it is

technology itself that is the largest contributor towards the steady increase

in ever important COP’s. A good comparison can be made with cars and

fuel for example: The fact that a car can provide more miles per gallon

today than say, fives years ago, is due to technological advances in the car

rather than the fuel.

The same is true of direct expansion systems, with the need to focus on

efficiency as a whole, not simply the type of refrigerant. How the refrigerant

is used is of paramount importance and good system installation is crucial.

The skills required today, are no different to those that

have always been required and although the

equipment and subsequent numbers may

differ, the need for good practice remains

the same.

Page 2

The

on R410A refrigerant

facts

Page 3

R410A refrigerant

has some excellent

benefits to offer

This guide aims to provide you with

a better understanding of R410A and to

subsequently improve your effectiveness

in today’s air conditioning industry.

Since 1985 it’s been well documented that

the ozone layer surrounding the earth

has been diminishing. Scientific evidence

suggests man-made chemicals are

responsible for creating the hole in the

ozone layer and that they’re likely to add

to global ozone depletion.

Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) have been

used in many products which take advantages of

their physical properties. For example, Chloro

Fluoro Carbons (CFC’s), have commonly been

used as aerosol propellants and refrigerants.

However, since highlighting that the chlorine in

CFC’s attributes to the demise of the ozone layer,

the ‘Montreal protocol on substances that deplete

the ozone layer’ was negotiated and signed by

24 countries and the European Union in 1987.

The protocol calls for all parties to scale down the

use of CFC’s, halons and other man-made ODS.

Page 4

A brief

history

R22 is a Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)

R410A is a Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)

Systems using R410A refrigerant run at a pressure of approximately 1.6 times that

of similar systems using R22 and the energy efficiency is comparable. The R410A

refrigerant is a 50:50 mixture of R32 and R125. It has a higher direct GlobalW arming

Potential (GW P) than R22 or R407c, but a much lower indirect GW P (CO 2

production at power station).

R407c is a Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)

R407c is a mix of three refrigerants: R32, R125 and R134a - all of which boil at a

different temperature. R407c has a range or glide of approximately 5°C compared

with R410A which has less than 0.17K. In R407c, R32 provides the capacity,

R125 controls the flammability and R134a reduces the pressure.

Page 5

of refrigerant

R22 is a HCFC refrigerant (comprised of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon)

and is the most common refrigerant used in the world today. T he air conditioning

industry is in the process of moving to HFC refrigerants

(comprised of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon) as they have no chlorine content

and zero O zone Depletion Potential (O DP).

R32 50% R125 50%

Page 6

The phase change of R410A

mixtures takes place at

an almost constant temperature

during the liquefaction or

evaporation process.

The temperature glide

for R410A is less than 0.17K.

Pressure

[bar]

Enthalpy

[kJ/kg]

Sub-Cooling

Superheat

- Compression

- Condenser

- Expansion

- Evaporation

Refrigerant Volumic Refrigerating Effect KJ/m3

R410A 6725

R407C 4688

R22 4358

R410A in detail

R410A is a Zeotropic blend of two refrigerants

R410A has zero O zone Depletion Potential (O DP)

W ith the relatively high density and high efficiency of R410A , it is possible to reduce

the size of system components such as condensers, compressors, evaporators and

piping, etc. As operating pressures are higher compared to that of R22 and R407c

all system components must all be designed for suitability with R410A.

W hen installing equipment using R410A refrigerant, there are a number of standards

that must be met:

An ester oil is used for R410A (as with R407c)

It•s impor tant to work with absolute cleanliness

BrazingmustbedonewiththeuseofNitrogen(OFN)

Thesystemmustbeevacuatedthoroughly(tripleevacuation)

A strength test in accordance with local code

Thesystemmustalwaysbechargedintheliquidphase

R22 R410A

Suction 60psi 90 to 105 psi

Discharge 260psi 350 to 400 psi

Page 7

To ensure problem-free operation of any air-conditioning system, it is

crucial to carry out thorough evacuation of the system. During the

evacuation any moisture is removed from all of the system components

and the pipework.

The importance of thorough evacuation

It is vitally important to thoroughly evacuate any refrigeration system in

order to prevent the following harmful effects:

Any non-condensible product left in the system can cause the

pressure in the condenser to increase and in turn, the

compression temperature to rise.

Moisture will result in adverse reactions in the refrigerant circuit.

The polyester oils used in the R410A refrigeration systems are

hydroscopic, which means that they absorb moisture from the air.

To prevent chemical reactions in the system, any moisture must

be removed at all costs.

Oxygen (air) reacts with the refrigeration unit oil and can lead

to faults such as compressor failure.

To be able to remove moisture from the system it must be evaporated.

The pressure in the pipework must be reduced to such an extent that the

ambient temperature is sufficient to evaporate the moisture.

Page 8

Ensure correct

system evacuation

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