Millar MPVS Ultra Manuel utilisateur

MPVS Ultra

Signal Conditioning

Hardware

User Guide

Table of Contents

I. Introduction.................................................................................................2

II. Getting Started............................................................................................4

Components and Contents .................................................................................................4

Initial Setup ........................................................................................................................4

Normal Operation...............................................................................................................8

III. Detailed Operation....................................................................................11

Hardware Connections.....................................................................................................11

Catheter Configuration tab...............................................................................................13

Catheter Calibration Tab..................................................................................................18

Rho Cuvette Tab ..............................................................................................................21

IV. Theory of Operation..................................................................................25

The Conductance Method ................................................................................................25

Dual Field Excitation .......................................................................................................26

Resistivity – Rho Cuvette ................................................................................................27

Resistivity – Dip Cuvette .................................................................................................28

IECG vs. ECG..................................................................................................................28

Strain Gauge Pressure Sensors and Catheter Tip Transducers ........................................28

Additional guidelines .......................................................................................................29

V. Troubleshooting, System Maintenance and Specifications..................31

Hardware..........................................................................................................................33

Cables...............................................................................................................................34

Technical Specifications ..................................................................................................35

Technical Support ............................................................................................................38

Recommended accessories...............................................................................................39

Warranty...........................................................................................................................42

I. Introduction

The MPVS Ultra simultaneously and continuously measures high-fidelity left ventricular

pressure and volume from the intact beating hearts of large and small laboratory animals.

The MPVS Ultra can be used on animals as small as transgenic mice and as large as full

grown horses. Using the MPVS Ultra, cardiovascular pressure and volume signals can be

plotted against each other in real time, generating the characteristic pressure-volume (P-V)

User Guide

M.I. P/N 004-2163 Rev. C 3

loops that are an excellent illustration of the cardiac cycle in normal or diseased conditions

of the living heart.

With the MPVS Ultra, P-V loops may be captured during pharmacological, therapeutic

and hemodynamic interventions, allowing comprehensive, beat-by-beat evaluation of the

fundamental mechanical properties of the heart.

The MPVS Ultra supports the use of Millar’s ultra-miniature P-V catheters for small

animal studies and multi-segment P-V catheters for large animal studies. Both the small

and large animal catheters couple a high-fidelity pressure sensor with volume electrodes

spaced to match the longitudinal diameter of the left ventricle. The electrodes allow

volume data to be acquired across a single segment of the left ventricle.

The MPVS Ultra has an internal 20 kHz fixed-frequency oscillator, which generates either

a 20µA or 100µA RMS sine-wave current that creates an electric field within the left

ventricle of the heart. The system measures a corresponding voltage that is proportional to

the electric field. The system continuously measures this voltage across the receiving

electrodes. The measured voltage changes during the cardiac cycle as the left ventricular

blood volume rises (diastolic filling phase) and falls (systolic ejection phase).

The measured voltage decreases as volume increases (resistance of blood pool decreases,

conductance of blood pool increases) and the measured voltage increases as volume

decreases (resistance of blood increases, conductance of blood pool decreases). The system

then converts measured voltages into ventricular conductance, which is proportional to the

changes in ventricular volume as stated above.

The MPVS Ultra also measures high fidelity pressure signals using a Millar catheter. The

solid-state pressure sensor uses the same technology found in Millar’s extensive line of

Mikro-Tip®catheter pressure transducers. The use of the pressure sensor located between

the conductance/volume electrodes allows the simultaneous measurement of pressure and

conductance/volume, enabling a researcher to obtain high quality P-V loops from the

rapidly beating hearts of small animals. The MPVS Ultra system should ONLY be used

with a Millar catheter.

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II. Getting Started

Components and Contents

MPVS Ultra Control Interface software

PVAN Ultra analysis software

MPVS Ultra unit

MPVS Ultra P-V cable (CEC-10E or CEC-4E)

Mikro-Tip®P-V Catheter

Rho calibration cuvette (for measuring resistivity)

BNC cables

USB cable

Optional: ECG cable (EPC-10UT, EPC-10A, EPC-4UT, EPC-4A)

Optional: Thermodilution cable (SGC-10A, SGC-4A)

Not included: Data acquisition system such as ADInstruments PowerLab 16/3

Data Acquisition Hardware with Chart DAQ software (v. 5.2 or higher)

Not included: Computer with MS Windows operating system (XP or later) and

MS Excel

Initial Setup

Typical Setup

Place the MPVS Ultra (and any related equipment) on a solid surface where the

enclosure(s) will be protected from exposure to liquids and heat sources. Be sure that

when the cables are connected they are not tight or sharply bent as this may damage the

internal wires. The MPVS Ultra does not require ventilation, but most computers and data

acquisition systems will. Position the equipment so that cables can easily be disconnected,

especially the power cord, in case of an emergency. This system must be connected to an

easily accessible wall outlet that remains accessible after installation so that the power cord

can be disconnected in case of an emergency. Failure to operate the system according to

the instructions provided in this manual may cause a hazardous condition that may lead to

damage or personal injury.

Control Interface Installation

Install the MPVS Control Interface before connecting the system to your computer. Insert

the disk into your computer. If the installation dialog does not automatically launch, run

setup.exe from the CD or the software downloaded from the Millar web site. After

installation is complete, store the disk and the serial number in a secure location for future

use.

USB Control

The system is controlled by the MPVS Ultra Control Interface. A USB cable is included

with the system. Connect the MPVS Ultra hardware to your computer before turning it on.

The first time that a computer is connected to an MPVS Ultra system, software drivers will

be installed; this installation will not be necessary after the first installation.

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Power Input

The system has a universal power input, so it can accept 110V or 220V at 60Hz or 50Hz

(47Hz minimum, 63Hz maximum). The system includes two power cords: one with a

North American (NEMA) 5-15 plug and one with a European CEE (7)VII plug. If your

region requires a different plug type, contact your distributor or see the Technical Support

section for a source of power cords. See the Technical Specifications section for more

specific information about the power requirements.

CAUTION – Reliable earth connection is required. This device is designed to be

connected to protective earth through the power cord and the wall outlet. If your wall

outlets do not have a grounding conductor, please contact an electrician for installation. Do

not use groundless adapters.

The power switch is located on the back panel of the MPVS Ultra.

The green LED on the front panel will indicate whether the MPVS Ultra is turned on.

System Ground

For operator safety and signal noise reduction, an equipotential (earth ground) post is

located on the rear panel. This terminal can be used to ground the subject and any sensitive

equipment. Keep electrically noisy equipment such as lamps, heaters, and electrocautery

generators as far from the system as possible. See the Recommended Accessories section

for ordering information for equipotential cables specifically made for this type of terminal.

Data Acquisition

The system can be connected to any data acquisition system with sufficient voltage input

channels to accept the desired number of signals. Users with an ADInstruments PowerLab

system should refer to the ADInstruments PowerLab setup section for specific instructions.

For users with other data acquisition systems, packages of BNC-to-BNC cables are

available. See the Recommended Accessories section for ordering information.

Connect each channel of the MPVS Ultra to the data acquisition system. Millar

recommends that the order of the channels be consistent with the order in which they are

arranged on the front panel of the MPVS Ultra. (Channels on the front panel are numbered

1 through 11.) A user may choose not to connect certain outputs, but consistency from one

study to the next is important to prevent problems in analyzing the data. Most users will

not use the Cuvette Output and Cuvette Temperature signals available on the rear panel.

(The Cuvette Temperature output can be used for a thermodilution measurement. See the

“Theory of Operation –Temperature Measurement” section for details.)

Pressure-Volume Cable

The P-V cable connects the catheter to the system. The cable is available in two different

lengths according to the users’ needs.

One end connects directly to the white low profile and gray circular connectors on the

catheter and the other end plugs into the color-coded (black) pressure-volume channel

receptacle on the front of the MPVS Ultra.

This cable carries the excitation signal from the MPVS Ultra to the catheter electrodes and

returns the pick-up signal from the sensing electrodes. This cable also carries the excitation

signal from the MPVS Ultra to the pressure sensor bridge as well as the pressure signal

back to the MPVS Ultra. When the system is used to record the internal ECG (IECG), the

signal is measured from the catheter through the P-V cable.

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Rho Cuvette

The rho cuvette connects to the system through a cable connected to the front panel. The

cuvette is packaged separately from the rest of the system. See the “Normal Operation”

and “Theory of Operation” sections for more details on the cuvette. The Cuvette input can

be used to connect a thermodilution sensor to the system. See “Theory of Operation –

Temperature Measurement” for instructions. See “Recommended Accessories” for

ordering information for the particular connector.

External ECG

The ECG cable will only be used by users who want to measure surface ECG. The Control

Interface is used to select the input to the ECG channel. The ECG cable is available in

different lengths and with different terminations according to user needs. See the

“Recommended Accessories” section for ordering information.

P2 – Second Pressure Input

The system can measure two pressure signals simultaneously. If the user wishes to use a

second transducer to measure pressure elsewhere in the body, the second transducer will be

connected to the P2 input on the front panel. Use the Control Interface to select the input

for the second pressure channel.

ADInstruments PowerLab Setup

As shown below, the MPVS Ultra connects easily to the ADInstruments PowerLab16/30

using the MPVS Ultra – PowerLab cable pack. The cable pack is a set of thirteen BNC-to-

BNC cables specifically sized for connecting these two systems. Ten 9-inch cables are

included for connecting the first ten channels on the MPVS Ultra to the first ten channels

of the PowerLab system. A 1-foot cable is included to connect the ECG output to channel

11 of the PowerLab system. Two 3-foot cables are included for connecting the Cuvette

Output and Cuvette Temperature signals to the PowerLab system.

The PVAN Ultra analysis software CD also includes an ADI Chart interface file that will

save setup time by providing an interface to record data. A shortcut to the file MPVS

Ultra Interface.adiset will be installed on your Desktop during a normal installation of

the Control Interface. There will also be a shortcut in the Millar branch of the Start menu.

The settings file itself will be installed in the same directory as the Control Interface.

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Note that other ADI PowerLab hardware can be used instead of a PowerLab 16/30.

Contact Millar to verify compatibility.

Tips for better performance

Steps can be taken to reduce signal noise. While the system meets CE requirements to

withstand EMI (electromagnetic interference), noisy equipment such as lamps, heaters, and

electrocautery equipment can add noise to the signal. The following suggestions can

improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

Cable Length

Use the shortest cables and cords that will serve the purpose. Millar offers 4-foot input

cables for users whose subjects will be located close to the hardware. BNC-to-BNC cables

are available in shorter lengths for those who can use them. See the “ADInstruments

PowerLab Setup” section for an example.

Cable Quality

Millar provides only high-quality shielded cables for input and output signals. If you

acquire or build your own cables, be sure that the shield is a high-quality braid or foil

shield. Be sure that the shield is connected to the ground pins indicated in the “Theory of

Operation” section. Users who build their own interface cables assume all responsibility

for harm, loss, or damage related to the use of such a cable.

Coiling Cables

For EMI purposes, the effective cable length will be reduced when a cable is coiled to take

up excess length.

System Grounding

Grounding the subject can be beneficial, but in some cases, the signal can be affected if the

animal is later ungrounded during the course of an experiment. If the animal is grounded,

leave it grounded throughout the procedure.

Grounding low-noise equipment, such as the MPVS Ultra, separately from high-noise

equipment is advisable. High-noise equipment includes lamps, room lights, heaters,

electrocautery (ESU/Bovie) equipment, power supplies, power cords and computers. If the

equipment has a metal chassis, try grounding the chassis directly. Do not let power cords

lie on top of signal cables. To avoid ground loops, connect the grounds of low-noise

equipment with the shortest possible connector lengths, preferably using the chassis ground

points such as the one found on the rear panel of the MPVS Ultra.

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Normal Operation

After installation and the initial setup, the system is ready for use. The following sections

are intended to guide preparation for a protocol. Some assumptions are made that may

need to be modified to fit a particular user’s preferences. Specific instructions are included

in the “Detailed Operation” sections below.

Overview of a typical large animal procedure

1. Warm-up and calibration

Turn on the system, plug in the P-V and/or pressure transducer(s) and begin soaking them

in body-temperature saline or deionized water according to the instructions in the IFU. A

warm-up and pre-soak of 30 minutes or more is advisable. After the warm-up period,

balance the pressure signals and calibrate all channels of the system that will be used in the

procedure.

Place the cuvette under the animal or in a bath of body-temperature water to warm the

plastic. This will minimize temperature effects on the resistivity (rho) measurement.

2. Prepare the animal

3. Resistivity

Perform this step before volume signal calibration if data will be recorded in volume units.

Plug the cuvette cable into the MPVS Ultra. In the Control Interface Rho Cuvette tab,

select the appropriate settings. Perform the following with as little delay as possible: Dry

the cuvette’s well with a gauze or swab. In a heparinized syringe, draw at least 0.5cc of

blood. Fill the well. Click on Measure in the Control Interface. Additional information

will appear. Click on Load to set the displayed resistivity as the value to be used in

calibration and measurements.

4. Catheterize the subject

Monitor the data acquisition system output to determine proper placement of the

transducer. See recommended catheter placement below.

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5. Alpha correction

If stroke volume comparison for alpha correction will be used, this may be done at any

point according to the protocol. If raw data will be recorded as volume units (ml or μl),

alpha calculation should be performed before the final volume calibration. Recalibrate the

volume signal channels now if alpha is used.

6. Record and export data as desired

Typical protocols may include baseline data, occlusion data, stimulus reaction data, and

saline bolus data. Smaller animals should have saline bolus maneuvers performed at the

end of the study in case the saline induces detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system.

7. Analyze the data in PVAN Ultra

If data were recorded in conductance units, PVAN will need resistivity (rho), segment

length and (if desired) alpha parameters.

Overview of a typical small animal procedure

1. Warm-up and calibration

Place the cuvette well in warm water or under the animal warming mat to warm the

plastic. This will minimize temperature effects on the resistivity measurement.

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M.I. P/N 004-2163 Rev. C 10

Turn on the system, plug in the P-V and/or pressure transducer(s) and begin soaking them

according to the instructions in the IFU. A warm-up and pre-soak of 30 minutes or more is

advisable. After the warm-up period, balance the pressure signals and calibrate all

channels of the system that will be used in the procedure.

2. Resistivity

Perform this step before volume signal calibration if data will be recorded in volume units.

A representative animal is typically required due to the volume of blood removed. Plug

the cuvette cable into the MPVS Ultra. In the Control Interface Rho Cuvette tab, select

the appropriate settings. Perform the following with as little delay as possible. Dry the

cuvette’s well with a gauze or swab. In a heparinized syringe, draw about 0.3cc to 0.5cc of

blood. Fill the well. Click on Measure in the Control Interface. Additional information

will appear. Click on Load to set the displayed resistivity as the value to be used in

calibration and measurements.

3. Prepare the animal

4. Catheterize the subject

Monitor the data acquisition system output to determine proper placement of the

transducer.

5. Alpha correction

If stroke volume comparison for alpha correction will be used, this may be done at any

point according to the protocol. If raw data will be recorded as volume units (μl), alpha

calculation should be performed before the final volume calibration. Recalibrate the

volume signal channel now if alpha is used.

6. Record and export data as desired

Typical protocols may include baseline data, occlusion data, stimulus reaction data, and

saline bolus data. Smaller animals should have saline bolus maneuvers performed at the

end of the study in case the saline induces detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system.

The saline bolus is often lethal for a mouse.

7. Analyze the data in PVAN Ultra

If data were recorded in conductance units, PVAN Ultra will need resistivity (rho),

segment length and (if desired) alpha parameters.

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