LEGO Architecture Louvre 21024 Mode d’emploi

Louvre

Paris, France

21024

Booklet available in English on

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Livret disponible en français sur

Folleto disponible en español en

Folheto disponível em português em

A füzet magyarul ezen a honlapon olvasható

Libretto disponibile in italiano su

Booklet available in English on

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Livret disponible en français sur

Folleto disponible en español en

Folheto disponível em português em

A füzet magyarul ezen a honlapon olvasható

Libretto disponibile in italiano su

The Louvre, in its many different forms, has

dominated the city of Paris since the late 12th

century. Today it is the most visited museum

in the world, renowned for famous works of

art such as da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, as well as

the building’s spectacular Renaissance to

Modernist architecture.

Pyramide du Louvre: original work of I.M. Pei

Dist RMN/ Franck Bohbot

The Louvre

Pyramide du Louvre: original work of I.M. Pei © Musée du Louvre, Dist RMN/ Olivier Ouadah

The original Louvre was a fortress built in the late 12th

century to protect the city of Paris. Located on the

western edge of the city, the structure was gradually

engulfed as Paris grew. The dark fortress from the

Middle Ages was continually altered and expanded,

before being transformed into a Renaissance style

royal palace from 1546 onwards.

When Louis XIV moved his royal court from the Louvre

to the recently enlarged Palace of Versailles in 1678,

much of the royal art collection remained at the Louvre.

A number of national cultural institutions and scholarly

societies moved into the Louvre, which also became a

residence for artists. In 1699, the Académie Royale de

Peinture et de Sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting

and Sculpture) held its first public exhibition in the

building’s Grande Galerie (Great Gallery).

The transformation of the Louvre into the museum we

know today began with the French Revolution. In 1791

the new National Assembly declared that the Louvre

should be “a place for bringing together monuments

of all the sciences and arts”, and when Louis XVI was

arrested in 1792, his royal art collection became national

property. The Louvre Museum officially opened a year

later, giving free public access to a collection that

included works by da Vinci, Raphael, Poussin and

Rembrandt.

Throughout the next 200 years, the Louvre would

witness the restoration and abolishment of the French

monarchy, the Napoleonic era, plus the establishment

of five new French Republics. The museum’s collection

increased throughout this turbulent period and by the

early 1980s, it was clear that a major renovation was

needed to improve the displays and provide better

amenities for the increasing number of visitors.

From Fortress to Museum

History

When President François Mitterrand came to power

in 1981, he launched an ambitious program to create

a series of modern architectural monuments in Paris

that would symbolize France’s role in art, politics, and

economy. The best known of these Grands Projets

(Grand Projects) would be the redesign and expansion

of the Louvre.

The committee in charge of overseeing the project

visited museums in Europe and the United States, and

were particularly impressed with the East Building of

the National Gallery of Art in Washington. Its architect,

I. M. Pei, was invited to Paris and asked to lead the

comprehensive renovation project.

The biggest challenge Pei faced was the lack of space.

The physical layout of the Louvre had remained the same

since 1874: two wings attached to the oldest museum

building, forming a rectangular structure around the

Cour Napoléon plaza.

Pei’s solution was to hollow out the central courtyard,

place the main entrance in its center and construct

a series of underground connections to the various

wings. Visitors would descend into a spacious lobby

and quickly access the main Louvre buildings. At

the same time he also proposed reorganizing and

redistributing the collection, as well as covering several

smaller courtyards to create more display space.

However, Pei’s proposal for a glass and steel pyramid to

cover the new entrance would cause great controversy.

To Pei, the shape not only provided the new lobby with

the best natural light, it was 'the most compatible with

the architecture of the Louvre'. Many disagreed, with

one opponent describing the proposed pyramid as a

'gigantic, ruinous gadget'.

The criticism eased somewhat after Pei placed a full-

sized model of the pyramid in the courtyard. The new

entrance, with its famous pyramid, was inaugurated in

March 1989 and became an instant architectural icon for

the whole of the newly renovated Louvre Museum.

When New Met Old

Renovation

The renovation of the Louvre was completed

in 1993 and proved a great success, with the

number of visitors to the museum doubling

within the first year. With an area of 60,600 m2

(652,300 sq ft) and over 400,000 works of art

in its collection, it remains one of the largest

and most impressive museums in the world.

With close to 10 million visitors each year, the

Louvre has also become the world’s most

visited museum.

The Louvre Today

Pyramide du Louvre: original work

of I.M. Pei © Musée du Louvre,

Dist RMN/ Antoine Mongodin

I. M. Pei

[ It signifies a break with the architectural

traditions of the past.

It is a work of our time. ]

Pyramide du Louvre: original work of I.M. Pei © Musée du Louvre, Dist RMN/ Stéphane Olivier

Ieoh Ming Pei

Ieoh Ming Pei was born in China in 1917 and travelled

to the USA at the age of 17 to study architecture at the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Inspired by

the work of Le Corbusier and the new International Style

of architecture, he continued to Harvard’s Graduate

School of Design, where he met Walter Gropius and

Marcel Breuer, two leaders of the European Bauhaus

movement.

In 1955, after working for the New York firm of Webb

& Knapp on a variety of large-scale structures across

the USA, Pei established his own firm, I. M. Pei and

Associates. Pei and his team worked on a number of

major projects, including the Kennedy Library in Boston,

Dallas City Hall in Texas and the new East Building of

Washington’s National Gallery of Art. It was this last

building that would bring him to the attention of those in

charge of the Louvre renovation project.

Pei would be the first foreign architect to work on

the Louvre, and many in France were skeptical that

such a prestigious national project had been given

to an architect with a reputation as the 'master of

modern architecture'. He himself was acutely aware

that 'the history of Paris was embedded in the stones

of the Louvre'. Though his suggestions — not least

the glass pyramid — initially received much criticism,

the renovation was a great success and the Louvre’s

pyramid would become his most famous structure.

The Architect

I. M. Pei

[ The glass pyramid is a

symbol that defines the entry

to the Louvre.

It is placed precisely at the

center of gravity of the three

pavilions. ]

For more information about the Louvre please visit: www.louvre.fr

Facts about the Louvre

Location: .................................. Paris, France

Construction Period:......... 1190 to present

Area covered: ........................ 60,600 m2(652,300 sq ft)

Architectural style: ............ A blend of Renaissance to Modernist

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