HP HP-15C Guide de l'utilisateur

HP-15C

Owner’s Handbook

HP Part Number: 00015-90001

Edition 2.4, Sep 2011

Legal Notice

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and are subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company

makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including,

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infringement and fitness for a particular purpose. In this regard, HP

shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions

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Hewlett-Packard Company

Palo Alto, CA

94304

USA

Introduction

Congratulations! Whether you are new to HP calculators or an experienced

user, you will find the HP-15C a powerful and valuable calculating tool.

The HP-15C provides:

448 bytes of program memory (one or two bytes per instruction) and

sophisticated programming capability, including conditional and

unconditional branching, subroutines, flags, and editing.

Four advanced mathematics capabilities: complex number calculations,

matrix calculations, solving for roots, and numerical integration.

Direct and indirect storage in up to 67 registers.

This handbook is written for you, regardless of your level of expertise.

The beginning part covers all the basic functions of the HP-15C and how to

use them. The second part covers programming and is broken down into

three subsections The Mechanics, Examples, and Further Information in

order to make it easy for users with varying backgrounds to find the

information they need. The last part describes the four advanced

mathematics capabilities.

Before starting these sections, you may want to gain some operating and

programming experience on the HP-15C by working through the

introductory material, The HP-15C: A Problem Solver, on page 12.

The various appendices describe additional details of calculator operation,

as well as warranty and service information. The Function Summary and

Index and the Programming Summary and Index at the back of this manual

can be used for quick reference to each function key and as a handy page

reference to more comprehensive information inside the manual.

Also available from Hewlett-Packard is the HP-15C Advanced Functions

Handbook, which provides applications and technical descriptions for the

root-solving, integration, complex number, and matrix functions.

Note: You certainly do not need to read every part of the manual

before delving into the HP-15C Advanced Functions if you are

already familiar with HP calculators. The use of _and f

requires a knowledge of HP-15C programming.

Contents

The HP-15C: A Problem Solver ....................................

A Quick Look at v.................................................

Manual Solutions ............................................................

Programmed Solutions .....................................................

Part I: HP-15C Fundamentals ................................

Section 1: Getting Started ..........................................

Power On and Off ..........................................................

Keyboard Operation .......................................................

Primary and Alternate Functions .....................................

Prefix Keys ..................................................................

Changing Signs ...........................................................

Keying in Exponents .....................................................

The "CLEAR" Keys ........................................................

Display Clearing: `and −...................................

Calculations ...................................................................

One-Number Functions .................................................

Two-Number Functions and v...............................

Section 2: Numeric Functions .....................................

Pi ..................................................................................

Number Alteration Functions ............................................

One-Number Functions ....................................................

General Functions ........................................................

Trigonometric Operations ..............................................

Time and Angle Conversions .........................................

Degrees/Radians Conversions .......................................

Logarithmic Functions ...................................................

Hyperbolic Functions ....................................................

Two-Number Functions ....................................................

The Power Function ......................................................

Percentages .................................................................

Polar and Rectangular Coordinate Conversions ...............

Section 3: The Automatic Memory Stack, LAST X, and

Data Storage ........................................................

Contents 5

The Automatic Memory Stack and Stack Manipulation ........

Stack Manipulation Functions ........................................

The LAST X Register and K.......................................

Calculator Functions and the Stack .................................

Order of Entry and the vKey ...............................

Nested Calculations .....................................................

Arithmetic Calculations With Constants ...........................

Storage Register Operations ............................................

Storing and Recalling Numbers .....................................

Clearing Data Storage Registers ....................................

Storage and Recall Arithmetic ........................................

Overflow and Underflow ..............................................

Problems ........................................................................

Section 4: Statistics Functions .....................................

Probability Calculations ...................................................

Random Number Generator .............................................

Accumulating Statistics .....................................................

Correcting Accumulated Statistics ...................................

Mean ..........................................................................

Standard Deviation .......................................................

Linear Regression .........................................................

Linear Estimation and Correlation Coefficient ...................

Other Applications .......................................................

Section 5: The Display and Continuous Memory ...........

Display Control ..............................................................

Fixed Decimal Display ..................................................

Scientific Notation Display ............................................

Engineering Notation Display ........................................

Mantissa Display .........................................................

Round-Off Error ............................................................

Special Displays .............................................................

Annunciators ...............................................................

Digit Separators ...........................................................

Error Display ...............................................................

Overflow and Underflow ..............................................

Low-Power Indication ....................................................

Continuous Memory ........................................................

Status .........................................................................

6Contents

Resetting Continuous Memory ........................................

Part II: HP-15C Programming ...............................

Section 6: Programming Basics ..................................

The Mechanics ...............................................................

Creating a Program .....................................................

Loading a Program ......................................................

Intermediate Program Stops ...........................................

Running a Program .......................................................

How to Enter Data ........................................................

Program Memory .........................................................

Further Information ..........................................................

Program Instructions .....................................................

Instruction Coding ........................................................

Memory Configuration ..................................................

Program Boundaries .....................................................

Unexpected Program Stops ...........................................

Abbreviated Key Sequences ..........................................

User Mode ..................................................................

Polynomial Expressions and Horner's Method ..................

Nonprogrammable Functions .........................................

Problems ........................................................................

Section 7: Program Editing ........................................

The Mechanics ...............................................................

Moving to a Line in Program Memory .............................

Deleting Program Lines .................................................

Inserting Program Lines .................................................

Examples .......................................................................

Further Information ..........................................................

Single-Step Operations .................................................

Line Position ................................................................

Insertions and Deletions ................................................

Initializing Calculator Status ..........................................

Problems ........................................................................

Section 8: Program Branching and Controls .................

The Mechanics ...............................................................

Branching ...................................................................

Conditional Tests ..........................................................

Contents 7

Flags ..........................................................................

Examples .......................................................................

Example: Branching and Looping ...................................

Example: Flags ............................................................

Further Information ..........................................................

GoTo ..........................................................................

Looping ......................................................................

Conditional Branching ..................................................

Flags ..........................................................................

The System Flags: Flags 8 and 9 ....................................

Section 9: Subroutines ...............................................

101

The Mechanics ...............................................................

101

GoTo Subroutine and Return ..........................................

101

Subroutine Limits ..........................................................

102

Examples .......................................................................

102

Further Information ..........................................................

105

The Subroutine Return ...................................................

105

Nested Subroutines ......................................................

105

Section 10: The Index Register and Loop Control ...........

106

The Vand %Keys ....................................................

106

Direct Versus Indirect Data Storage With

The Index Register .....................................................

106

Indirect Program Control With the Index Register .............

107

Program Loop Control ...................................................

107

The Mechanics ...............................................................

107

Index Register Storage and Recall ..................................

107

Index Register Arithmetic ...............................................

108

Exchanging the X-Register .............................................

108

Indirect Branching With V.........................................

108

Indirect Flag Control With V......................................

109

Indirect Display Format Control With V.......................

109

Loop Control with Counters: Iand e..................

109

Examples .......................................................................

111

Examples: Register Operations .......................................

111

Example: Loop Control With s.................................

112

Example: Display Format Control ....................................

114

Further Information ..........................................................

115

Index Register Contents .................................................

115

8Contents

Iand e..........................................................

116

Indirect Display Control ...........................................

116

Part III: HP-15C Advanced Functions ....................

119

Section 11: Calculating With Complex Numbers ..........

120

The Complex Stack and Complex Mode ............................

120

Creating the Complex Stack ..........................................

120

Deactivating Complex Mode .........................................

121

Complex Numbers and the Stack ......................................

121

Entering Complex Numbers ...........................................

121

Stack Lift in Complex Mode ...........................................

124

Manipulating the Real and Imaginary Stacks ..................

124

Changing Signs ..........................................................

124

Clearing a Complex Number .......................................

125

Entering a Real Number ...............................................

128

Entering a Pure Imaginary Number ...............................

129

Storing and Recalling Complex Numbers .......................

130

Operations With Complex Numbers ................................

130

One-Number Functions ................................................

131

Two-Number Functions .................................................

131

Stack Manipulation Functions .......................................

131

Conditional Tests .........................................................

132

Complex Results from Real Numbers ..............................

133

Polar and Rectangular Coordinate Conversions .................

133

Problems .......................................................................

135

For Further Information ...................................................

137

Section 12: Calculating With Matrices ........................

138

Matrix Dimensions .........................................................

140

Dimensioning a Matrix .................................................

141

Displaying Matrix Dimensions .......................................

142

Changing Matrix Dimensions ........................................

142

Storing and Recalling Matrix Elements ..............................

143

Storing and Recalling All Elements in Order ...................

143

Checking and Changing Matrix Elements Individually .....

145

Storing a Number in All Elements of a Matrix .................

147

Matrix Operations .........................................................

147

Matrix Descriptors .......................................................

147

The Result Matrix .........................................................

148

Contents 9

Copying a Matrix .......................................................

149

One-Matrix Operations ................................................

149

Scalar Operations .......................................................

151

Arithmetic Operations ..................................................

153

Matrix Multiplication ...................................................

154

Solving the Equation AX = B..........................................

156

Calculating the Residual ...............................................

159

Using Matrices in LU Form ............................................

160

Calculations With Complex Matrices ...............................

160

Storing the Elements of a Complex Matrix ......................

161

The Complex Transformations Between ZPand Z.............

164

Inverting a Complex Matrix ..........................................

165

Multiplying Complex Matrices ......................................

166

Solving the Complex Equation AX = B ............................

168

Miscellaneous Operations Involving Matrices .....................

173

Using a Matrix Element With Register Operations ............

173

Using Matrix Descriptors in the Index Register .................

173

Conditional Tests on Matrix Descriptors ..........................

174

Stack Operation for Matrix Calculations ............................

174

Using Matrix Operations in a Program ..............................

176

Summary of Matrix Functions ...........................................

177

For Further Information ....................................................

179

Section 13: Finding the Roots of an Equation ................

180

Using _.................................................................

180

When No Root Is Found ..................................................

186

Choosing Initial Estimates ................................................

188

Using _in a Program ..............................................

192

Restriction on the Use of _.......................................

193

Memory Requirements .....................................................

193

For Further Information ....................................................

193

Section 14: Numerical Integration ..............................

194

Using f.......................................................................

194

Accuracy of f.............................................................

200

Using f in a Program ..................................................

203

Memory Requirements .....................................................

204

For Further Information ....................................................

204

10 Contents

Appendix A: Error Conditions ....................................

205

Appendix B: Stack Lift and the LAST X Register ...............

209

Digit Entry Termination ....................................................

209

Stack Lift ........................................................................

209

Disabling Operations ...................................................

210

Enabling Operations ....................................................

210

Neutral Operations ......................................................

211

LAST X Register ...............................................................

212

Appendix C: Memory Allocation ................................

213

The Memory Space .........................................................

213

Registers .....................................................................

213

Memory Status (W) ..................................................

215

Memory Reallocation ......................................................

215

The m % Function ................................................

215

Restrictions on Reallocation ...........................................

216

Program Memory ............................................................

217

Automatic Program Memory Reallocation ........................

217

Two-Byte Program Instructions .......................................

218

Memory Requirements for the Advanced Functions .............

218

Appendix D: A Detailed Look at _......................

220

How _ Works .......................................................

220

Accuracy of the Root .......................................................

222

Interpreting Results ..........................................................

226

Finding Several Roots ......................................................

233

Limiting the Estimation Time ..............................................

238

Counting Iterations .......................................................

239

Specifying a Tolerance .................................................

239

For Advanced Information ................................................

239

Appendix E: A Detailed Look at f...........................

240

How fWorks .............................................................

240

Accuracy, Uncertainty, and Calculation Time .....................

241

Uncertainty and the Display Format ...................................

245

Conditions That Could Cause Incorrect Results ....................

249

Conditions That Prolong Calculation Time ..........................

254

Obtaining the Current Approximation to an Integral ...........

257

For Advanced Information ................................................

258

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