Ferm 111
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·Ó·ÚÌfi‰È· ¿ÙÔÌ· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ˘ÓıÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙȘ Û˘ÁÎÔÏÏËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜.
ñ ™ÙËÓ ¿ÌÂÛË ÂÁÁ‡ÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÛÙ·ıÂÚÒÓ ¯ÒÚˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Ó· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó
ÙÔȯÒÌ·Ù· ·ÓÔȯÙÒÓ ¯ÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Á˘·ÏÈÛÙÂÚ¿. ∆· ·Ú¿ı˘Ú· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÛÊ·ÏÈÛÙÔ‡Ó
ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·ÏÈÔ‡ ηٿ Ù˘ ‰È·Ê˘Á‹˜ Ë ·Ó·‰ÚÔÌÈÎfi ηıÚ¤ÊÙÈÛÌ·
ÙˆÓ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏÒÓ, .¯. Ì ηٿÏÏËÏË ‚·Ê‹.
¶ÚÔÂÙÔÈÌ·Û›· ÁÈ· ¯Ú‹ÛË
∂ÈÎ. 3
™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï‹: ¶ÚÔÙÔ‡ ·Ú¯›ÛÂÙ ÙË Û˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛË Û ¤Ó· ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ, Â›Ó·È Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ó·
οÓÂÙ οÔȘ ‰ÔÎÈÌ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ Û˘ÁÎÔÏÏ‹ÛÂȘ Û ¤Ó· ‰ÔΛÌÈÔ.
ñ ºÚÔÓÙ›ÛÙ ÒÛÙ ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ó· Â›Ó·È Î·ı·Úfi: ηı·Ú›ÛÙ ÙÔ ·fi ÙË ÛÎÔ˘ÚÈ¿, ÙÔ ÁÚ¿ÛÔ
Î·È Ù· ˘ÔÏ›ÌÌ·Ù· ¯ÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ.
ñ ƒ˘ıÌ›ÛÙ ηٿÏÏËÏ· ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ú‡̷ÙÔ˜, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈÛÙÚÔÊÈÎfi
ÂÈÏÔÁ¤· Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÂÌÚfi˜ ̤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ Û˘Û΢‹ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÛ˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛ˘.
∏ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ¤ÓÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ Ú‡̷ÙÔ˜ ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ Ù‡Ô ÙÔ˘
ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ‰›Ô˘ Ô˘ ı· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÙÂ.
ñ ∂ÈÛ¿ÁÂÙ ÙÔ ·Î¿Ï˘ÙÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ‰›Ô˘ ÛÙË ‰·Áοӷ ÙÔ˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ‰›Ô˘ ηÈ
Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙË ‰·Áοӷ Ù˘ Á›ˆÛ˘ ÛÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ.
ñ £¤ÛÙ Û ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙË Û˘Û΢‹ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÛ˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛ˘ Ì ÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ‰È·ÎfiÙË.
ñ ∫Ú·Ù‹ÛÙ ÙË Ì¿Ûη Û˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛ˘ ÂÌÚfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÛˆfi Û·˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ÛÙ ÙÔ ¿ÎÚÔ
ÙÔ˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ‰›Ô˘ ¿ӈ ÛÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ, Û·Ó Ó· ·Ó¿‚·Ù ¤Ó· Û›ÚÙÔ. ∞˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô
ηχÙÂÚÔ˜ ÙÚfiÔ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÙ ÙÔ ÙfiÍÔ Û˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛ˘. ªËÓ ¯Ù˘¿Ù ÙÔ
·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ì ÙÔ ËÏÂÎÙÚfi‰ÈÔ. ªÂ ·˘ÙfiÓ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ı· ÚÔηϤÛÂÙ ˙ËÌÈ¿ ÛÙÔ
ËÏÂÎÙÚfi‰ÈÔ Î·È ı· ‰˘ÛÎÔϤ„ÂÙ ÙÔ ¿Ó·ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÍÔ˘.
ñ ªfiÏȘ ·Ó¿„ÂÙ ÙÔ ÙfiÍÔ ÚÔÛ·ı‹ÛÙ ӷ ÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂÙ ÛÙ·ıÂÚ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ
•ËÏÂÎÙÚfi‰ÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ. ∏ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ›ÛË Ì ÙË ‰È¿ÌÂÙÚÔ
ÙÔ˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ‰›Ô˘. ∫Ú·Ù‹ÛÙ ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË fiÛÔ ÙÔ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ ÈÔ ÛÙ·ıÂÚ‹ ηٿ ÙË
‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Û˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛ˘.
ñ ªÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ÛÙ ÙÔ ËÏÂÎÙÚfi‰ÈÔ Â¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÙÚ·‚ÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ‚‹Ì·-‚‹Ì·.
ñ ¶ÚÔÛ·ı‹ÛÙ ӷ ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÙ ÙË ÁˆÓ›· ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ ËÏÂÎÙÚfi‰ÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ
ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ 60Æ Î·È ÙˆÓ 70Æ ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘.
ñ ŸÙ·Ó ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆı› Ë ÎfiÏÏËÛË Û‚‹ÛÙ ÙÔ ÙfiÍÔ, ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ‡ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ËÏÂÎÙÚfi‰ÈÔ ·fi ÙÔ
·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ.
ñ £¤ÛÙ ÙË Û˘Û΢‹ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÛ˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛ˘ ÂÎÙfi˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜.
™∏ª∂ ø™∏. ∂¿Ó ·Ê‹ÛÂÙ ÙË Û˘Û΢‹ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÛ˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛ˘ Û ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·,
˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ ËÏÂÎÙÚfi‰ÈÔ Ó· ¤ÚıÂÈ Û ·ʋ (̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÁÎÔ˘
ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜) Ì ÙÔ Î·ÏÒ‰ÈÔ Ù˘ Á›ˆÛ˘ Î·È Ó· ·Ú¯›ÛÂÈ Ó· Û˘ÁÎÔÏÏ¿ ·ÓÂͤÏÂÁÎÙ·.
ñ ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÙ ÙËÓ ÎÚÔ‡ÛÙ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÎfiÏÏËÛË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ Ì·ÙÛ·ÎfiÓÈ.
¶ÚÔÛ¤ÍÙ ٷ Ù˘¯fiÓ Î·˘Ù¿ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÈο ÚÈÓ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÂÎÙÈÓ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È. ¡· ÊÔÚ¿ÙÂ
¿ÓÙÔÙ ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈο Á˘·ÏÈ¿.
ñ ¶ÔÙ¤ ÌËÓ Û˘ÁÎÔÏϿ٠¿ӈ ÛÙ· ηٿÏÔÈ· Ù˘ ÎÚÔ‡ÛÙ·˜: Ë ÎÚÔ‡ÛÙ· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÛÙÚÒÌ·
ÌÔÓˆÙÈÎÒÓ ·Î·ı·ÚÛÈÒÓ. ŸÙ·Ó Á›ÓÂÙ·È Û˘ÁÎfiÏÏËÛË Â¿Óˆ Ù˘ ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ Ù˘
b. The electrode
• The electrode consists of met l core enclosed by co ting. The co ting h s the most
import nt purpose of protecting the welding pool nd the tr nsferring droplets g inst
oxygen nd nitrogen in the surrounding ir. The electrode melts during
welding. A p rt of the
co ting v porises so protective g seous shield origin tes.
p rt of the co ting flo ts on the welding pool (it is lighter th n steel) nd lso protects the
cooling weld. After cooling this co ting becomes solid but e sily remov ble sl g on the
welded joint.
• H ndle the electrodes with c re so the co ting is not broken. M ke sure th t the electrodes
re thoroughly dry, so store them in moisture-free pl ce.
• It is of gre t import nce to use the right electrode to m ke good nd strong welded joint. A
univers l electrode will in m ny c ses be suit ble for your work.The electrode p ck ging
mentions in which positions welding c n be done with the electrodes concerned ( bove the
he d, downw rds, etc. be ring in mind the speed of melting of the electrode). Sep r te
electrodes re commerci lly v il ble for the welding of types of st inless steel nd c st iron.
Consult your de ler bout purch sing the right electrode.
c. Protective clothing
We r thoroughly covering clothing so th t the likelihood of the skin being burnt by ultr violet
r di tion or spl shes of met l is minimised.
Prefer bly we r cotton over lls, welding gloves nd s fety shoes. M ke sure th t welding
sp tter c nnot end up in gloves or shoes.
A (le ther) welding pron stops burning nd sp rks d m ging over lls.
d. Face protection
Fig. 2
Use good welding m sk with (d rk) welding gl ss nd protective gl ss. Check th t both
gl sses re correctly fitted (well-f stened nd not llowing ny sunlight in).
The welding m sk protects the welder g inst r di tion, he t nd weld sp tter rele sed during
the welding process. This lso reduces the inh l tion of welding fumes. The invisible ultr violet
r ys c use so-c lled “welder's fl sh”. This lre dy origin tes fter few seconds of looking into
the electric rc.
Avoid the effects of this r di tion nd high temper tures on the f ce nd other exposed body
p rts such s the neck nd rms.
Protect yourself g inst the d ngerous effects of the electric rc nd keep persons who re not
p rticip ting in the work t le st 15 m from the rc.
Persons or ssist nts working in the vicinity of the electric rc must be dvised of the h z rds
nd they must be equipped with the required protective ge r. If required, set up protective w lls.
e. orking environment
• Ensure well ventil ted working environment. G ses re rele sed when welding th t re
d nger to your he lth.
• Remove ll fl mm ble objects from the working environment. Welding c uses sp rks nd
hot met l.
• M ke sure th t cooling w ter is present in the vicinity of workpl ce. Do not le ve just welded
(hot) workpieces un ttended in the workpl ce. Cool the workpiece before le ving the
workpl ce.
Ferm
10
GB
D
NL
F
E
P
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FIN
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DK