EIJKELKAMP 0801 Manuel utilisateur

M-0801E

Sandbox for pF-determination

Eijkelkamp Soil & Water

Nijverheidsstraat 30, 6987 EM

Giesbeek, the Netherlands

T +31 313 880 200

E info@eijkelkamp.com

Meet the difference

User manual

Contents

On these operating instructions..........................................................................................................................................3

1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................3

2. Description of the sandbox............................................................................................................................................. 3

3. Technicalspecications...................................................................................................................................................4

4. Assembling the sandbox.................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.1 Before setting up the sandbox.................................................................................................................................5

4.2Setting up the sandbox.............................................................................................................................................. 7

5. Using the sandbox........................................................................................................................................................... 13

6. Tabletobelledinasmeasurementsaretaken...................................................................................................17

7. Troubleshooting...............................................................................................................................................................18

8. Maintenance of suction tables.....................................................................................................................................18

Appendix 1: General Information....................................................................................................................................... 19

Appendix 2: Description of different pF-sets................................................................................................................. 22

Appendix 3: Conversion factors ......................................................................................................................................... 23

Appendix 4: Soil sampling...................................................................................................................................................24

References and literature ...................................................................................................................................................25

Nothinginthispublicationmaybereproducedand/ormadepublicbymeansofprint,photocopy,microlmoranyothermeanswithout

previouswrittenpermissionfromEijkelkampSoil&Water.Technicaldatacanbeamendedwithoutpriornotication.

Eijkelkamp Soil & Water is not responsible for (personal) damage due to (improper) use of the product.

Eijkelkamp Soil & Water is interested in your reactions and remarks about its products and operating instructions.

On these operating instructions

If the text follows a mark (as shown on the left), this means that an important instruction follows.

If the text follows a mark (as shown on the left), this means that an important warning follows

relating to danger to the user or damage to the apparatus.The user is always responsible for its

own personal protection.

Italic indicated text indicates that the text concerned appears in writing on the display (or must be

typed).

1. Introduction

This Sandbox (acc. to ISO 11274) (art. no.: 0801) can be used to apply a range of pressures from pF 0 (saturation)

to pF 2.0 (-100 hPa). Sand is used to convey the suction from the drainage system to the soil samples. The

surfaceofthesandisexible,whichmakesiteasiertorestorethecontactbetweenit,andthesamples,after

they have been removed for weighing. This quality makes sand a better suction material than a stiff porous

plate, for this instrument.

IftheinuenceofhigherpF-valuesneedstobemeasured,thenadditionalequipmentisrequired.TheSand/

Kaolin box (art. no: 0802SA) can be used to determine moisture percentages at pF-values from 2.0 (-100 hPa)

to 2.7 (-500 hPa), while the pressure membrane apparatus (art. no.: 0803) can create pressures from pF 3.0

to pF 4.2. A pF-value of 4.2 is equal to -15,000 hPa of pressure, which is often taken as the lower limit of soil

moisture availability to plants.

Results of measurements taken with this sandbox correspond with points on the drying curves of the relevant

samples; associated with decreasing pressure. These pressure values are usually standard water potential

increments. The wetting curve, on the other hand, is determined by graphing the water content against

increasing pressure values. This curve is not identical to the drying curve, because the water content does

not respond instantaneously to changes in pressure (Hysteresis).

2. Description of the sandbox

The assembled sandbox can be seen in Figure 1. In the bottom of the box (1) is a PVC-pipe drainage system

(4).Thisboxislledwithnesyntheticsand,whichiscoveredwithanylonltercloth.Theassemblagestage

(Chapter 4) is only necessary prior to the initial use of the sandbox: After which, with proper maintenance

(Chapter9),thesandboxcanbeusedforseveralyears.Soilsamplecoreringsareplacedontopofthelter

cloth to take measurements.

If the sandbox has already been assembled then begin at Chapter 5.

The ‘Hanging Water Principle’ is used to apply suction to the soil samples. The difference in height between the

suction regulator (11) and the middle of the soil samples determines the amount of pressure. Pressure heads

(h)between0and-100cmcanbeapplied.Thesuctionregulator(11)isadjustedtoapplyspecicpressuresto

thesoilsamples.Thesamplesareweighedaftertheyhavereachedequilibriumataspecicpressure.Finally,

thesamplesaredriedandweighedtodeducethewatercontentateachspecicpressure.



Text



3. Technicalspecications

Item Specication

Soil sample rings (Ø 53mm) Max. 40

Dimensions of the box on its stand (excl. supply bottle etc.) 55.0 x 33.5 x 37.5 cm (l x w x h)

Operating range 0 hPa - 100 hPa

0 bar - 0.1 bar

pF 0 – pF 2.0

Reading accuracy 0.0001 bar

Fig. 1 : Assembled sandbox with numbered components

Tap B

Tap C

Tap A

14 43

5 1 2

Backside of sandbox

Tap D

1 Box

2 Box frame

3 Box lid

4 Drainage pipe

5 Supply pipe

6 Supply bottle

7 Bottle lid

8 Bottle stand

9 Discharge pipe

10 Sliding measuring stand

11 Suction regulator

12 Evaporation reservoir

13 Outowpipe

14 Sample

1 metre

4. Assembling the sandbox

If the sandbox is already assembled then skip to Chapter 5.

All of the tubes are connected and tested for leakage before delivery.

Take care not to break the tube connections while unpacking.

Construct the sandbox using the following instructions (numbers refer to Figure 1).

4.1 Before setting up the sandbox

Beforethesandboxisassembled,theplasticdrainagepipe(4)insidethebox(1)mustbecoveredwithlter

cloth.Thesuppliedlterclothhastwolayers,andis6cmwide.Theplasticdrainagepipeneedstobecovered

by 3 layers of cloth to disperse the suction, and to stop sand from blocking the pipe’s holes when this suction

is applied.

Toapplythelterclothtothepipe,thefollowingstepsshouldbefollowed:

1. Cuta3.5mlongsectionfromthesuppliedrollofltercloth.

2. Cutdownonesidethelterclothtomakeasingle12cm

wide layer (Fig. 2).

3. To knot the cloth to the pipe, a 10 cm long section is cut into

the end of the strip to form two ties (Fig. 3)



Fig. 2 Cut 3.5 m down one side

Fig. 3 The 10 cm long ‘ties’

4. Saturatethelterclothindemineralisedwater(Fig.4).

5. Tiethelterclothtooneendofthedrainagepipe-where

it enters the inside of the box.

6. Coilthelterclotharoundthedrainagepipesothateach

consecutive winding covers two thirds of the width of the

previous one. This will ensure that the entire pipe is covered

bythreelayersofltercloth(Fig.5).

7. Fasten the cloth at the other end of the pipe.

8. Cut off the extra cloth, and tie the end to one end of the

drainage pipe (Fig. 6).

Fig. 4 Saturate the lter cloth

< 12 cm >

4 cm

< >

Three

layers

cloth

Drainage pipe surface

Fig. 5 Filter cloth winding

Fig. 6 Complete cloth covering

4.2 Setting up the sandbox

1. Select a completely level, vibration free table that is at least

1.0 m high.

Vibration may cause a leak between the sidewalls of

the box and the sand.

2. Place the sandbox on this table, with tap A facing the front

and turned to the ‘Closed’ position (Fig. 7).

3. Fix the sliding measuring stand (10) with suction regulator

(11) and evaporation reservoir (12) to the box (1), using the

two bolts provided (Fig. 8).

4. Allowtheoutowpipe(13)fromthesuctionregulator(11)

to hang from the table into a bucket (Fig. 9).

5. Boil8litreofdeminineralizedwater,andllthesupply

bottle (6) with it once it has been left to cool (you may add

Copper Sulphate to reduce algae/bacterial activity).

6. Place the supply bottle (6) on its stand (8) to the left of the

box. The stand elevates the base of the bottle to the same

height as the base of the box (1).

Fig. 7 Tap A 'Closed'



Fig. 8 Fix sliding measuring stand

Fig. 9 Outow from suction regulator

7. Connect the supply bottle (6) to tap A with the supply pipe

from the back of the box. Leave tap A ‘Closed’ (Fig. 10).

You may add (0.01 mg/l) copper sulphate to reduce

microbiological activity

The water level in the supply bottle should not be

higher than the top of the box, because it may cause

thewatertoowtooquickly(7500ml).

8. Air bubbles should now be removed from the piping in the

system. Begin by opening the lid of the supply bottle (6),

and turning the supply tap B 'On' (Fig. 11).

9. Turn tap A, on the front of the box, to ‘Supply’, and allow

watertoowfromthesupplybottle(6)intothebox(1)until

the box is half-full with water (Fig. 12).

10. Turn tap A to the ‘Closed’position.

Fig. 10 Supply bottle attached to tap A



Fig. 11 Turn tap B 'On'

Fig. 12 Half-ll box with water

The water level in the supply bottle (1) should never fall below the plastic drainage pipe inside the

box (4500 ml). Turn tap A to ‘Closed’whenrellingthesupplybottle.Letthewatersettleinthe

supply bottle before returning tap A to ‘Supply’.Tapgentlyonthetubesaswaterisowingtohelp

bubbles escape.



Tap B

Tap A (back)

To supply

bottle

11. Open tap D, at the back of the box (green) and allow some

watertoowfromthebox(1)intoabeaker(Fig.13).

The water level in the box (1) should never fall below

the plastic drainage pipe.

12. When there are no bubbles left between tap B and tap D,

close tap D while leaving tap B open.

13. Turn tap A to the ‘Closed’ position. There should now be no

bubbles between tap B and tap A, and between tap A and

the drainage pipe.

14. Fill the regulator bottle of the evaporation reservoir (12)

with demineralised water, and put the plug back in before

replacing the bottle (Fig. 14).

15. Set the suction regulator (11) to its lowest position (max.

suction) near the bucket. (Fig. 15).

16. Turn tap A to ‘Discharge’,andallowwatertoowfromthe

box (1) through the suction regulator (11) into a bucket

until there are no bubbles between tap A and the suction

regulator (Fig. 15).

In general: if you place the tap in the discharge position,

theremustbeawaterowfromthesandboxtowardsthe

suction regulator (this is the position for measurements).

 Ifthetapisplacedinthesupplypositionthereisawaterow

from the supply bottle towards the sandbox. Important is

to have the water level in the supply bottle always higher

than the sand level in the box.



Fig. 13 Air bubbles released through tap D

Fig. 14 Evaporation reservoir

Tap D

Fig. 15 Suction regulator at maximum

17. Turn tap A to the ‘Closed’ position.

18.Leave tap B on so that water runs out of tap C when you

openit.LetsomewateroutoftapCtoremovethenalair

bubbles (Fig. 16).

There must be no air-bubbles in the system from this

point onwards.

19. Saturate some synthetic sand with running demineralised

waterandstirrmlytoremoveair(Fig.17).Thereshould

be a high ratio of water to sand (Fig. 18) so that it can be

easily poured into the box (1). For the textural composition

of the sand see Table 1.

Table 1: Textural composition of synthetic sand

Particlediameter(mμ) Percentage occurence

106 0

75 6.3

63 61.4

53 22.1

45 4.4

<45 5.8

20.Slowly pour the water-saturated sand into the water in

the sandbox (Fig. 19) while the water is constantly stirred

to expel any entrapped air. Alternatively, the sand may be

added with a ladle.

Be careful to avoid damaging the drain system while

stirring.



Fig. 16 Let some water out of tap C

Fig. 17 Saturate sand with water

Fig. 18 A high ratio of water to sand

Fig. 19 Adding water-saturated sand

Tap C

Ce manuel convient aux modèles suivants

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