B&K 1606 Guide de l'utilisateur

Vibration Pick-up Preamplifier Type

1606

used

combination

with

the

B & K

accelerometers

and

indicating

instruments.

Meas-

urement

acceleration,

velocity

and

displace-

ment.

Built-in

shaker

table

for

calibration

complete

measuri11g

arrangement.

Ncerum,

Denmark

05 00

BRUKJA,

Copenhagen

. Telex:

5316

EIB

160!)

Vibration Pick-up Preamplifier

Type 1606

Reprint

March

1967

Contents.

Description

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

General

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Amplifier

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Amplification

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Distortion

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Lower

Limiting

Frequency

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Integrating

Networks

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Frequency

and

Dynamic

Ranges

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Built-in

Shaker

Table

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Operation

.............................................

Measuring

Arrangement

..............................................

CaHbration

Measuring

System

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Adjustment

the

Vibration

Signal

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

l\feasurement

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Acceleration

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Velocity

.........................................................

Displacement

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specifications

..........................................

Description.

General.

The

Vibration

Pick-up

Preamplifier

Type

1606 is

designed

for

use

vibra-

tion

measuring

systems

and

constitutes

important

link

between

the

B & K

Accelerometers

and

the

appropriate

measuring

amplifier,

e.g.

Frequency

Analyzer

Type

2107, Audio

Frequency

Spectrometer

Type

2112

Microphone

Amplifier

Type

2603.

Input

Capacitive

Attenuator

Sensitivity

Adjustment

Shaker

Table

Amplifier

Amplitude

Adjustment

Integrating

Networks

mains

100-2J.OV

Type

2107,2112,

--.2603

2801

261186

Fig.

Block

diagram

Preamplifier

with

built-in

shaker

table.

The

Preamplifier

mainly

consists

two-stage

amplifier,

a set

integrat-

ing

networks

and

built-in

shaker

table

for

calibration

purposes.

The

input

impedance

the

amplifier

made

high

ensure

low

cut-off

frequency

the

accelerometer.

For

example

when

the

B & K

Accelerometers

are

employed,

measurements

can

made

down

2 Hz (c/s).

selecting

various

built-in

integrating

networks,

the

acceleration

dependent

signal

derived

from

the

Accelerometer

can

readily

converted

into

signal

which

propor-

tional

the

velocity

displacement

the

object

under

investigation.

The

built-in

shaker

table

allows

the

complete

measuring

set-up

calibrated

acceleration

level

1 G

*).

Both

filament

and

plate

voltages

for

the

•)

equals

the

acceleration

obtained

the

gravitational

force of

attraction

the

eartll

two-stage

amplifier

are

supplied

via

7-cored

cable

from

the

Analyzer

Amplifier

employed

the

indicating

instrument.

Amplifier.

variable

capacitive

attenuator

the

input

circuit

makes

possible

attenuate

the

input

signal

80 dB,

before

applied

the

two-

stage

amplifying

circuit.

This

circuit

contains

double

triode

which

has

continuously

variable

sensitivity

control

the

feedback

circuit.

The

input

resistance

measured

from

the

terminal

"Input"

independent

the

sensitivity

setting,

and

high

200

M.Q.

Amplification. By

means

the

continuously

variable

sensitivity

control

the

amount

amplification

can

regulated.

However,

the

same

time

the

amount

negative

feedback

also

changed,

therefore

influencing

the

fre-

quency

characteristic

certain

extent.

When

the

"Sensitivity

Adjustment"

position

"0"

the

negative

feedback

will

reach

its

highest

value,

while

the

lowest

value

obtained

when

the

Preamplifier

adjusted

for

maximum

amplification,

position

"10".

The

influence

the

frequency

characteristic

can

seen

Fig. 2

where

the

response

reproduced

for

three

different

Odb

./'l~

ype

1606

·2'

,,___

I I

•38~

/'Odb

/•38di

0.1 0.2 0.5

--.Frequency

-- -

;;:--

ccelerometor

(400 pF)

• Type

1606

(a)

I I I

0; 3;10;30cnd llO m

Extension Coble

100

200

(b) KC/s

Ulf81

Fig. 2.

Typical

frequency

response

Preamplifier

when

set

"Acceleration".

dB"

, "+ 20

"+ 30

dB"

and

"+ 38

dB"

marked

the

curves,

refer

the

amplification

set

"Sensitivity

Adjustment".

The

three

curves

drawn

full

indicated

"Type

1606" are valid for

the

Preamplifier

as a separate

instrument.

(a)

The

two

dotted

curves

show

the

response

combination

Accelerometer

with

capacity

400

and

Preamplifier.

combination

Accelerometer

with

capacity

1ooo

and

Preamplifier

the

cut-off

frequency

corresponds

to a

lower

frequency.

(b)

The

three

full-line

curves

are

valid

for

the

Preamplifier

when

Exten-

sion

Cable

has

been

used

between

Preamplifier

and

indicator.

When

Extension

Cables are used,

dotted

curves

are valid.

The

curve

indicated

"0 to +

" is also valid for lengths

Extension

Cables

100m.

values

gain,

viz. 0, 20

and

38 dB.

The

maximum

amplification

which

can

achieved

approximately

and

obtained

with

the

capacitive

"Attenuator"

position

"1",

the

"Sensitivity

Adjustment"

position

"10"

and

the

integration

switch

position

"Acceleration".

Distortion.

The

maximum

output

voltage

which

can

supplied

from

the

two-stage

amplifier,

i.e.

from

the

output

the

Preamplifier

when

set

for

"Acceleration",

also

dependent

the

amount

negative

feedback.

This

can

seen

from

Fig. 3,

where

typical

nonlinear

distortion

versus

the

output

peak

voltage

the

Preamplifier

when

position

"Acceleration"

------

- - - Maximum I

amplification

(+3Bdb)

Minimum

amplification/

(Odb)

I I

- - I /

- - k

......-::::::

____..

__..Voltage

output

Preamplifier

(pas.

Acceleration

'')

Voltpeak

.2&1188

Fig.

Typical

nonlinear

distortion

the

Preamplifier

mmzmum

and

maximum

amplification

The

curves

are valid for

the

frequencies 20 Hz (c/s)-

kHz

(kc/s)

and

without

Extension

Cable

between

Preamplifier

and

indicator

instrument.

illustrated.

order

avoid

distortion

higher

than

approximately

1 %

minimum

amplification

(0 dB)

and

higher

than

approximately

3 ,%

maximum,

this

output

voltage

should

not

exceed

Volts

peak

and

approx-

imately

20 Volts

peak

respectively.

Refer

also

Fig

. 4,

where

the

Preamplifier's

maximum

oulput

voltage

vs.

frequency

given

when

used

the

"Accelera-

tion"

condition

When

employing

extension

cables

between

the

output

the

Preamplifier

and

the

following

Microphone

Ampl!fier,

Spectrometer

Analyzer

the

capacity

these

cables

loads

the

amplifier

tl)e

Preamplifier.

Thus

the

maximum

output

voltage

has

lowered

indicated

the

dotted

lines

10 m, 30

and

100 m)

Fig.

Ypoak

-_-,-,

-.......,_

ExJnslon

' ,

'',

C.bl~

'\''

-+---+--+--+--+-~

'-'.,'

r--:

''--:--

-t-

-"\

<+---1

\~,m

\ 10rrt\ ' ,

-+---+--t-

-+--.:...1----.

JO~

c-,

!---"''

-1----1

Distortion J•k opprox. 100,;;, '

Maximum omplif.ication. 'T

',,

0~-+---+--+--+---+--~~---+-~~~

0.1 0.2 0.5

100

200

(a)

KC/s

0.5

Distortion

1•k

opprox.

Minimum amplification

(b)

Extensi

LCoblo

100

200

KC/s

261169

Fig.

Maximum

peak

voltage

from

output

Preamplifier

when

set to

"Acceleration".

Full-line

curves are

valid

when

Extension

Cable is

used

between

Preamplifier

and

indicator.

Dott

ed lines valid for various

lengths

Extension

Cable.

(a)

For

"Sensitivity

Adju$tment"

position

"10"

(maximum

amplification

amplifier

stage)

the

:nonlinear

distortion

from

the

Preamplifier

will

be ·in

the

order

3 %

when

output

voltage is as l1igh as

given

the

curves.

(b)

For

"Sensitivity

Adjustment"

position

"0"

(minimum

amplification

amplifier

stage)

the

nonlinear

distortion

will

the

order

1 %

when

output

voltage is as

high

given

the

curves.

Lower

Limiting

Frequency.

The

output

impedance

the

Accelerometers,

intended

for

use

with

the

Preamplifier,

can

approximately

equalized

capacitor

which

series

with

the

signal

source.

Due

this

capacity

the

input

resistance

the

Preamplifier

determines

the

lower

limiting

frequency

the

combination

Accelerometer

plus

Preamplifier.

Fig.

the

frequency

responses

the

lower

frequencies

are

shown.

The

curves

are

valid

for

Accelerometer

Sets

having

400

internal

capacitance,

with

the

Preamplifier

set

respectively

for

minimum

and

maximum

amplification.

Integrating

Networks.

The

output

from

the

amplifier

circuit

can

fed

the

integrating

networks.

Employing

the

different

networks

vibration

measurements

can

carried

out

also

measurement

velocity

displacement,

using

one

the

B & K

Accelerometers

combination

with

the

Preamplifier.

When

the

Pre-

amplifier

switched

for

velocity

measurements,

the

output

from

the

Accelerometer

integrated

once

with

respect

time.

With

the

integration

switch

the

Preamplifier

set

position

"Displacement"

further

integra-

tion

with

respect

time

takes

place,

and

the

output

from

the

Preamplifi'er

will

now

proportional

the

displacement

the

vibrating

body,

the

point

where

the

Accelerometer

mounted.

··

Design.

When

periodic

vibrations

are

considered,

and

one

the

mechanical

quantities,

acceleration,

velocity

displacement

kept

constant,

the

magnitude

the

remaining

two

quantities

will

depend

upon

the

frequency

the

vibrations.

This

readily

seen

from

the

derivation

the

respective

quantity.

the

acceleration

given

a =

sin

(wt)

the

velocity

will

be:

v =

adt

~Ao

cos

{wt) +c1,

and

the

displacement:

vdt

sin

(wt) +c2,

= 0

C2 = 0

Generally

speaking,

the

magnitude

the

electrical

quantity

measured

indicating

instrument

will

therefore

test

the

measurement

carried

out

measurement

acceleration.

-10

-20

-30

-40

:;;,

~-50

1 2 5

~Frequency

100

200 500

1000

2000

C/s

5000 10000

f!i8038

Fig. 5.

Amplitude

versus

frequency

characteristics

integrating

networks.

The

electrical

attenuation,

which

takes

place

when

velocity

displacement

measurements

are

carried

out

employing

accelerometer

conjunction

with

the

Preamplifier,

can

seen

from

the

curves

Fig.

better

derstand

what

actually

happens

the

basic

diagram

integrating

net-

work

should

considered,

see

Fig.

The

voltage

across

the

capacitor

given

by:

1 -

ec = C

idt

and

the

total

input

voltage

is:

e = ex + ec = Ri +C J

idt

obtain

correct

integration

the

values

and

must

chosen

sucb

that

ex'>>

ec,

and

consequently

i N

which,

substituted

the

equation

above,

gives

~edt

specific

combination

resistor

and

capacitor

can

only

used

limited

frequency

range,

for

the

high

frequencies,

the

signal

level

across

J611PD

Fig.

Basic diagram

an integrating

network.

the

capacitor

decreases

to a

too

low

value,

the

signal-noise

ratio

will

con-

sequently

too

low. At

the

low

frequencies

the

requirement

en>>

ec is

longer

fulfilled,

which

means

that

the

integration

will

incorrect.

cover

the

desired

frequency

range

various

combinations

resistors

and

capacitors

are

used,

which

can

also

seen

from

Fig.

Two

combinations

are

used

for

"Velocity",

whereas

three

are

used

for

"Displacement".

Frequency

and

Dynamic

Ranges.

the

networks

cannot

used

below

their

low-frequency

cut-off

(indicated

the

curves

Fig.

5),

the

integra-

tion

switch

for

the

different

positions,

where

the

networks

are

inserted,

indicated

with

the

lowest

frequency

which

practically

correct

integration

still

takes

place.

Application

the

curves

Fig. 5

numerical

example

might

illustrative:

(a)

Measurement

Velocity:

the

deflection

the

voltmeter

taken

100 %

when

the

accelera-

tion

pure

sinusoidal

vibration

with

frequency

500 Hz (c/

measured,

the

deflection

the

meter

will

3.16

when

the

switch

the

Preamplifier

set

position

"Velocity-

Lower

Limiting

Fre-

quency

(c/s)

case

the

switch

set

position

"Velocity

Lower

Limiting

Fre-

q~ency

(cis)"

the

deflection

the

indicating

meter

will

only

0.316%.

(b) Measurement

Displacement:

Setting

the

switch

position

"Displacement

Lower

Limiting

Freque:acy

300

(c/s)

results

meter

deflection

approximately

but

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